Falling Behind: Explaining the Development Gap Between Latin America and the United StatesFrancis Fukuyama Oxford University Press, 11/08/2008 - 336 páginas In 1700, Latin America and British North America were roughly equal in economic terms. Yet over the next three centuries, the United States gradually pulled away from Latin America, and today the gap between the two is huge. Why did this happen? Was it culture? Geography? Economic policies? Natural resources? Differences in political development? The question has occupied scholars for decades, and the debate remains a hot one. In Falling Behind, Francis Fukuyama gathers together some of the world's leading scholars on the subject to explain the nature of the gap and how it came to be. Tracing the histories of development over the past four hundred years and focusing in particular on the policies of the last fifty years, the contributors conclude that while many factors are important, economic policies and political systems are at the root of the divide. While the gap is deeply rooted in history, there have been times when it closed a bit as a consequence of policies chosen in places ranging from Chile to Argentina. Bringing to light these policy success stories, Fukuyama and the contributors offer a way forward for Latin American nations and improve their prospects for economic growth and stable political development. Given that so many attribute the gap to either vast cultural differences or the consequences of U.S. economic domination, Falling Behind is sure to stir debate. And, given the pressing importance of the subject in light of economic globalization and the immigration debate, its expansive, in-depth portrait of the hemisphere's development will be a welcome intervention in the conversation. |
Índice
3 | |
The Historical Context | 9 |
The Politics of Underdevelopment in Latin America | 97 |
Institutional Factors in Latin Americas Development | 159 |
Contributors | 297 |
301 | |
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Palavras e frases frequentes
Acemoglu Angus Maddison Argentina argued authoritarian Bolívar Bolivia Brazil Buenos Aires Cambridge University Press capita GDP capita income central Chile citizens Coatsworth Colombia colonial conflicts Constitution contrast coups crisis Daron Acemoglu decades decisive democracy democratic development gap direct taxes East Asia economic development economic growth economic performance effect electoral elites emerged Europe European example factors figure fiscal citizenship Francis Fukuyama Hugo Chávez Ibid important independence indigenous indirect inequality investment José labor Latin America Latin American countries levels liberal Maddison ment Mexican military nd nd nd nomic noted outcomes parties percent period Peru political institutions political system population poverty president presidential presidential systems problem property rights reform regime region republic result revenues revolution role rule of law Sarmiento sector social society South Korea Spanish America suffrage tion twentieth century United Venezuela Washington Consensus World Bank World Economy