The Citrus Industry, Volume IVUCANR Publications, 1978 - 362 páginas A comprehensive volume on citrus diseases, biological control of insects, nematodes, and vertebrate pests, certification and registration, and regulatory measures. Color plates. |
Índice
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| 2 | |
| 3 | |
| 5 | |
| 9 | |
| 15 | |
| 18 | |
| 20 | |
Future Outlook | 172 |
Literature Cited | 173 |
Registration Certification and Indexing of Citrus Trees | 185 |
The Psorosis Interim Program 19371973 | 186 |
The LongRange Program 19621973 | 188 |
The Combined Program 1974present | 190 |
Citrus Seed Tree Program | 195 |
Legal Authority and Significance of California Program | 196 |
| 21 | |
| 22 | |
| 24 | |
| 25 | |
| 26 | |
| 28 | |
| 29 | |
| 31 | |
| 32 | |
| 33 | |
| 35 | |
| 36 | |
| 39 | |
| 40 | |
| 41 | |
| 42 | |
| 46 | |
| 47 | |
| 48 | |
| 49 | |
| 52 | |
| 53 | |
| 54 | |
| 55 | |
| 56 | |
| 58 | |
Injury by Sulfur FungicidesInsecticides | 59 |
Injury by Plant Growth Regulators | 61 |
Literature Cited | 62 |
Virus and Viruslike Diseases | 67 |
The Psorosis Diseases | 69 |
Importance and Distribution | 70 |
Diseases of the Psorosis Group | 72 |
Relationships of Diseases in the Psorosis Group | 80 |
Transmission and Spread | 84 |
Control of Psorosis | 85 |
The TristezaDisease Complex | 87 |
Historical Developments | 88 |
Economic Importance | 90 |
Symptomatology | 93 |
Transmission and Spread | 103 |
Host Range of Tristeza Virus Complex | 104 |
Exocortis | 109 |
Geographic Distribution and Host Range | 111 |
Control | 112 |
Xyloporosis Cachexia | 115 |
Symptomatology | 116 |
Transmission and Spread | 117 |
Control | 120 |
Stubborn Disease | 121 |
Symptomatology | 122 |
Nature of Causal Agent | 126 |
Transmission and Spread | 127 |
Control or Prevention | 129 |
Greening Disease | 131 |
Nature Transmission and Spread | 132 |
Control | 133 |
Citrus Dieback Disease | 135 |
Control | 136 |
LeafMottleYellows Disease | 137 |
Host Range | 138 |
Control | 139 |
Citrus VeinPhloem Degeneration | 140 |
Symptomatology and Host Range | 141 |
Influence of Tissue Wounding on Gall Development | 142 |
Importance of Woody Gall | 143 |
Transmission of Causal Virus | 144 |
Satsuma Dwarf | 145 |
Transmission and Spread | 146 |
Varietal Reaction to Satsuma Dwarf | 147 |
Citrange Stunt | 149 |
Transmission and Spread | 151 |
Importance | 152 |
Impietratura | 153 |
Transmission and Spread | 154 |
Control | 155 |
Symptomatology | 156 |
Symptomatology | 157 |
Transmission | 158 |
Importance | 159 |
Leaf Curl | 160 |
Possible Relation to Other Citrus Viruses | 161 |
Symptomatology | 162 |
Host Range and Importance | 163 |
Transmission and Control | 164 |
Control | 165 |
Symptomatology | 166 |
Field Spread | 167 |
Tarocco Pit | 168 |
Gummy Bark of Sweet Orange | 169 |
BudUnion Crease | 170 |
Some Apparently Inherited Disorders of Citrus | 171 |
Financing of California Programs | 197 |
Preregistration Procedures | 198 |
Propagation of Nursery Stock from Registered Trees | 199 |
The Brazilian Programs | 200 |
Indexing | 201 |
Electron Microscopy | 202 |
TissueGraft Indexing | 203 |
Indexing Procedures | 208 |
Literature Cited | 219 |
Regulatory Measures for Pest and Disease Control | 223 |
The Purpose of Plant Quarantine | 224 |
Conditions Necessary for Pest Species Establishment | 225 |
Adherence to Quarantine Regulations | 226 |
Current Quarantines Protecting the US Citrus Industry | 227 |
Nursery Inspection | 228 |
Manpower and Inspection | 229 |
Pest and Disease Detection | 230 |
Methods Used in Citrus Pest and Disease Detection | 231 |
Evaluation of Detection | 232 |
Eradication of Introduced Pests and Diseases | 233 |
Citrus Disease Eradication Programs | 235 |
Literature Cited | 236 |
Vertebrate Pests of Citrus | 237 |
Control of Vertebrates | 238 |
Behavioral Manipulation | 239 |
Mammal Pests in the United States | 241 |
Meadow Mice | 247 |
Ground Squirrels | 252 |
Jack Rabbits | 254 |
Cottontails | 256 |
Tree Squirrels | 257 |
Cotton Rats | 258 |
Pine Mice | 259 |
Commensal Rats and House Mice | 260 |
Raccoons | 262 |
Deer Mice | 263 |
Moles | 264 |
Avian Pests in Citrus | 265 |
Parrots | 266 |
RedWhiskered Bulbuls | 268 |
Crows | 269 |
Safety Precautions | 270 |
Acknowledgments | 271 |
Literature Cited | 272 |
Biological Control of Citrus Insects | 276 |
The Historical Background of Biological Control | 277 |
The Procedures in Biological Control | 278 |
Progress in Control of Specific Pests | 279 |
The Fluted Scales Margarodidae | 280 |
Icerya seychellarum Westw | 282 |
Other Fluted Scales | 283 |
Yellow Scale Aonidiella citrina Coq | 285 |
Purple Scale Lepidosaphes beckii Newm | 286 |
Glover Scale Lepidosaphes gloverii Pack | 287 |
Yanone Scale Unaspis yanonensis Kuw | 288 |
Nigra Scale Saissetia nigra Nietn | 290 |
Citricola Scale Coccus pseudomagnoliarum Kuw | 291 |
Red Wax Scale Ceroplastes rubens Mask | 292 |
The Mealybugs Pseudococcidae | 293 |
Citrophilus Mealybug Pseudococcus fragilis Brain | 294 |
LongTailed Mealybug Pseudococcus longispinus TargioniTazzetti | 295 |
Greens Mealybug Pseudococcus citriculus Green | 296 |
The Whiteflies and Blackflies Aleyrodidae | 297 |
Spiny Blackfly Aleurocanthus spiniferus Quaint | 299 |
Citrus Whitefly Dialeurodes citri Ashm | 300 |
Woolly Whitefly Aleurothrixus floccosus Mask | 301 |
The Fruit Flies Tephritidae and Other Fruit Feeders | 302 |
Natal Fruit Fly Pterandus rosa Karsch | 303 |
Queensland Fruit Fly Dacus tryoni Frogg | 304 |
Mexican Fruit Fly Anastrepha ludens Loew | 305 |
Biology of Parasitic Insects | 306 |
Supersedence of Parasite Species | 307 |
Mass Production of Parasites and Predators | 308 |
Effects of Insecticides Upon Biological Control | 310 |
Microbial Control | 313 |
The Time Required for Biological Control | 315 |
Ants in Relation to Biological Control | 316 |
Literature Cited | 317 |
Nematodes Attacking Citrus | 321 |
Nematodes and Mineral Nutrition | 322 |
Nematodes and Soil Types | 326 |
Nematodes Soil Moisture and Oxygen Supply | 327 |
Nematode Hosts | 328 |
Nematode Control | 329 |
Spreading Decline | 331 |
Control of Burrowing Nematode | 336 |
Other Nematodes Pathogenic on Citrus | 337 |
Literature Cited | 342 |
Appendix 1 Conversion Tables for Temperature Area Length Weight Yield Volume and Tree Spacing | 347 |
Index | 353 |
Palavras e frases frequentes
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