Fundamentals of EcologySaunders, 1971 - 574 páginas Basic ecological principles and concepts; Introduction: the scope of ecology; Principles and concepts pertaining to the ecosystem; Principles and concepts pertaining to energy in ecological systems; Principles and concepts pertaining to biogeochemical cycles; Principles pertaining to limiting factors; Principles and concepts pertaining to organization at the community level; Principles and concepts pertaining to organization at the population level; The species and the individual in the ecosystem; Development and evolution of the ecosystem; System ecology: the systems approach and mathematical models in ecology; The habitat approach; Freshwater ecology; Marine ecology; Estuarine ecology; Terrestrial ecology; Applications and technology; Resources; Pollution and environmental health; Radiation ecology; Remote sensing as a tool for study and management of ecosystems; Perspectives in microbial ecology; Ecology of space travel; Toward an applied human ecology. |
Índice
Part | 3 |
Chapter | 8 |
Chapter | 19 |
The Biological Control of the Chemical Environment | 23 |
Chapter 4 | 26 |
PRINCIPLES AND CONCEPTS PERTAINING | 27 |
Homeostasis of the Ecosystem | 33 |
The Energy Environment | 40 |
DEVELOPMENT AND EVOLUTION OF THE ECOSYSTEM | 251 |
Concept of the Climax | 264 |
Relevance of Ecosystem Development Theory to Hu man Ecology | 267 |
Evolution of the Ecosystem | 270 |
Coevolution | 273 |
Group Selection | 274 |
Chapter 10 | 276 |
The Nature of Mathematical Models | 277 |
Food Chains Food Webs and Trophic Levels | 63 |
Metabolism and Size of Individuals | 77 |
Ecosystem Energetics | 84 |
BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES | 86 |
Quantitative Study of Biogeochemical Cycles | 93 |
The Sedimentary Cycle | 99 |
Cycling of Nonessential Elements | 100 |
Cycling of Organic Nutrients | 101 |
Nutrient Cycling in the Tropics | 102 |
Recycle Pathways | 104 |
Chapter 5 | 106 |
Shelfords Law of Tolerance | 107 |
Combined Concept of Limiting Factors | 110 |
Conditions of Existence as Regulatory Factors | 115 |
Brief Review of Physical Factors of Importance as Limiting Factors | 117 |
Ecological Indicators | 138 |
Chapter 6 | 140 |
Intracommunity Classification and Concept of Eco logical Dominance | 143 |
Community Analysis | 145 |
Species Diversity in Communities | 148 |
Pattern in Communities | 154 |
Ecotones and the Concept of Edge Effect | 157 |
Community Structure in Past Ages | 159 |
Chapter 7 | 162 |
Population Density and Indices of Relative Abundance | 163 |
Basic Concepts Regarding Rates | 166 |
Natality | 168 |
Mortality | 170 |
Population Age Distribution | 175 |
The Intrinsic Rate of Natural Increase | 179 |
Population Growth Form and Concept of Carrying Capacity | 183 |
Population Fluctuations and Socalled Cyclic Oscil lations | 188 |
Population Regulation and the Concepts of Density Independent and DensityDependent Action in Popu lation Control | 195 |
Population Dispersal | 200 |
Population Energy Flow or Bioenergetics | 202 |
Internal Distribution Patterns Dispersion | 205 |
Aggregation and Allees Prin ciple | 207 |
Isolation and Territoriality | 209 |
Types of Interaction Between Two Species | 211 |
Interspecific Competition | 213 |
Predation Parasitism and Anti biosis | 220 |
Commensalism Cooperation and Mutualism | 228 |
Chapter 8 | 234 |
Ecological Equivalents | 239 |
Allopatric and Sympatric Specia tion | 241 |
Domestication | 242 |
Biological Clocks | 245 |
Basic Behavioral Patterns | 247 |
Regulatory and Compensatory Behavior | 249 |
Social Behavior | 250 |
The Goals of Model Building | 278 |
The Anatomy of Mathematical Models | 279 |
Basic Mathematical Tools in Model Building | 280 |
Analysis of Model Properties | 283 |
Approaches to the Development of Models | 285 |
THE HABITAT APPROACH | 293 |
Ecological Classification of Freshwater Organisms | 300 |
Lakes | 309 |
Ponds | 315 |
Springs | 321 |
The Marine Biota | 329 |
Chapter 13 | 352 |
Food Production Potential | 360 |
The Soil Subsystem | 368 |
The Vegetation Subsystem | 374 |
APPLICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY Introduction | 405 |
Chapter 15 | 408 |
Mineral Resources | 409 |
Agriculture and Forestry | 411 |
Wildlife Management | 413 |
Aquaculture | 416 |
Range Management | 417 |
Desalination and Weather Modification | 419 |
Land Use | 420 |
Chapter 16 | 432 |
The Kinds of Pollution | 434 |
The Phases of Waste Treatment | 435 |
The Strategy of Waste Management and Control | 438 |
Monitoring Pollution | 440 |
Environmental Law | 442 |
Some Problem Areas | 444 |
Chapter 17 | 447 |
RADIATION ECOLOGY | 451 |
Comparative Radiosensitivity | 455 |
Radiation Effects at the Ecosystem Level | 457 |
The Fate of Radionuclides in the Environment | 459 |
The Fallout Problem | 461 |
Waste Disposal | 464 |
Future Radioecological Research | 467 |
Chapter 18 | 468 |
Physical Basis for Remote Sensing | 469 |
Process of Information Extraction | 471 |
Role of Remote Sensing in Ecological Research | 476 |
PERSPECTIVES IN MICROBIAL ECOLOGY | 484 |
Chapter 20 | 498 |
Chapter 21 | 510 |
Components for an Applied Human Ecology | 516 |
INDEX WITH REFERENCE GLOSSARY | 557 |
Direitos de autor | |