Principles of Oceanography

abundant algae animals areas Atlantic atoll beach benthos bottom calcareous calcium carbonate caused centimeters changes Chapter chemical circulation clay coast coastal common commonly concentration contain continental drift continental margin continental shelf continental slope coral Coriolis effect crests crust deep deep-sea density deposits depth determine diameter diatoms distribution earth estuaries evaporite factors fish Foraminifera geologic grains gravity hemisphere kilometers lagoon land masses latitudes layer longshore manganese nodules marine environment meroplanktonic meters mineral move movement nearshore nekton nodules nutrients ocean basins ocean floor Oceanography organisms oxygen Pacific particles pelagic pelagic sediments phosphorite photosynthesis phylum plankton plants precipitation present production range reef result ridge rocks runoff salinity sample sampler sand sea floor sea level seawater sediment shallow water shell significant species submarine canyons substrate surface techniques temperature thermocline tidal tide tion transport turbidites turbidity currents types variety velocity vertical wave height wind zone zooplankton