Scientific Elite: Nobel Laureates in the United StatesScientific Elite is about Nobel prize winners and the well-defined stratification system in twentieth-century science. It tracks the careers of all American laureates who won prizes from 1907 until 1972, examining the complex interplay of merit and privilege at each stage of their scientific lives and the creation of the ultra-elite in science. The study draws on biographical and bibliographical data on laureates who did their prize-winning research in the United States, and on detailed interviews with forty-one of the fifty-six laureates living in the United States at the time the study was done. Zuckerman finds laureates being successively advantaged as time passes. These advantages are producing growing disparities between the elite and other scientists both in performance and in rewards, which create and maintain a sharply graded stratification system. |
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Índice
| xlvi | |
| 16 | |
| 59 | |
| 96 | |
MOVING INTO THE SCIENTIFIC ELITE | 144 |
THE PRIZEWINNING RESEARCH | 163 |
AFTER THE PRIZE | 208 |
THE NOBEL PRIZE AND THE ACCUMULATION OF ADVANTAGE IN SCIENCE | 243 |
NOBEL LAUREATES IN SCIENCE 190176 | 281 |
PRIZEWINNING RESEARCH SPECIALTY AND YEAR OF AWARD | 291 |
OFFICIAL OCCUPANTS OF THE FORTYFIRST CHAIR HONORABLE MENTIONS FOR NOBEL PRIZES | 295 |
AGESPECIFIC ANNUAL RATES OF PRODUCTIVITY OF LAUREATES AND MATCHED SAMPLE OF SCIENTISTS WHO SURVIVED TO EAC... | 301 |
BIBLIOGRAPHY | 303 |
INDEX OF NAMES | 327 |
INDEX OF SUBJECTS | 332 |
INTERVIEWING AN ULTRAELITE | 255 |
Outras edições - Ver tudo
Scientific Elite: Nobel Laureates in the United States Harriet Zuckerman Visualização de excertos - 1977 |
Scientific Elite: Nobel Laureates in the United States Harriet Zuckerman Pré-visualização indisponível - 1977 |
Palavras e frases frequentes
Academy According achievement advantage American appears apprentices associated average awards become better candidates careers changes chapter chemistry citations claim collaborators colleges committees compared considered continue contributions course differences discovering discovery doctorates earlier early effects especially evidence example fact fields five forty-first chair future laureates German given graduate greater honored identified important included indicate individual institutions interview involved Jewish kind knowledge later least less limited major masters means measure medicine names Nobel laureates Nobel prize Nobelists nominations noted observed occupants organizations origins particular pattern percent physicist physics prestige prize-winning research problems productivity promotion proportion published questions rank received recognition reported result reward role sample scientific elite scientists seems selection sense shared shows significant social suggests Table things tion trained turn ultra-elite United universities young
Passagens conhecidas
Página 185 - It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism for the genetic material.
Página 7 - ... keep clear of the penitentiary, we shall give 8, 9, or 10, according to the number of geese he has plucked and the amount of money he has been able to get out of them. To the sneak-thief who snatches a piece of silver from a restaurant table and runs away into the arms of a policeman, we shall give 1. To a poet like Carducci we shall give 8 or 9 according to our tastes; to a scribbler who puts people to rout with his sonnets we shall give zero. For chess-players we can get very precise indices,...
Página 126 - If I ask myself how it came about that one day I found myself in Stockholm, I have not the slightest doubt that I owe this good fortune to the circumstance that I had an outstanding teacher at the critical stage of my scientific career. He set an example in the methods and qualities of first rate research".
Página 226 - Dr. Crick thanks you for your letter but regrets that he is unable to accept your kind invitation to: Send an autograph. Provide a photograph. Cure your disease. Be interviewed. Talk on the radio. Appear on TV. Speak after dinner. Give a testimonial. Help in your project.
Página 166 - All this was in the two plague years of 1665 and 1666, for in those days I was in the prime of my age for invention, and minded mathematics and philosophy more than at any time since.
Página 8 - lawyer" is affixed to a man who is supposed to know something about the law and often does, though sometimes again he is an ignoramus. So, the governing elite contains individuals who wear labels appropriate to political offices of a certain altitude — ministers, Senators, Deputies, chief justices, generals, colonels, and so on — making the apposite exceptions for those who have found their way into that exalted company without possessing qualities corresponding to the labels they wear.
Página 7 - Let us assume that in every branch of human activity each individual is given an index which stands as a sign of his capacity, very much the way grades are given in the various subjects in examinations in school. The highest type of lawyer, for instance, will be given 10. The man who does not get a client will be given 1— reserving zero for the man who is an out-and-out idiot. To the man who has made his millions— honestly or dishonestly as the case may be— we will give 10. To...
Página 124 - ... knew more" than their masters. A laureate in chemistry speaks for many of them: It's the contact; seeing how they operate, how they think, how they go about things. (Not the specifIc knowledge?) Not at all. It's learning a style of thinking, I guess. Certainly not the specific knowledge; at least not in the case of Lawrence. There were always people around who knew more than he did.
Página 73 - Hitler emigres who left Germany and later did prize-winning research would have done work of the same significance had they stayed. Indeed, as more than one said in the course of my interviews with them, having been forced to leave Germany turned out to be the best thing that could have happened to them. The United States provided an active and hospitable climate for their work, and for many ample resources as well.
Página 12 - The criteria of former editions will be followed: 1. Achievement, by reason of experience and training, of a stature in scientific work at least equivalent to that associated with the doctoral degree, coupled with presently continued activity in such work; or 2. Research activity of high quality in science as evidenced by publication in reputable scientific journals; or, for those whose work cannot be published...
Referências a este livro
The Network Nation: Human Communication Via Computer Starr Roxanne Hiltz,Murray Turoff Pré-visualização limitada - 1993 |
Technology and the Pursuit of Economic Growth David C. Mowery,Nathan Rosenberg Pré-visualização limitada - 1991 |
Informação bibliográfica
| Título | Scientific Elite: Nobel Laureates in the United States Foundations of Higher Education Library of Conservative Thought |
| Colaborador | Harriet Zuckerman |
| Editora | Transaction Publishers, 1977 |
| ISBN | 1412833760, 9781412833769 |
| Número de páginas | 335 páginas |
| Exportar citação | BiBTeX EndNote RefMan |