C.

CAPELLA, 226, 1. 25; in sense of the sacred vessels, books, &c. of the altar of a chapel; a common meaning of the word. See Du Cange, under Capella (3).

CAPICIUM, 40, 1. 19; Fr. Chevet; the head or eastern limb of

a church, the choir, as we now call it. See Du Cange, under Capitium (2). It seems a foreign word in this sense. I have never met with any other instance of such use of the word in any English writer. And hence perhaps, from its strangeness, the blunder of "capitulum " instead, of Wharton's scribe.

CARUCATA BOUM, 226, 1. 17. Du Cange explains this as the "boves jugatorii unam trahentes carrucam;" quoting only a passage in Kennett's Antiq. Ambrosden. 135, which merely has the term, without a hint as to its meaning, except that it means some number of oxen. Perhaps a more exact definition would be,-the number of oxen required for working a carucate of land throughout the year; supposing that these would not all be used in the plough at the same time. Now, as one ox was the reckoning for a bovate or oxgang of land, therefore eight oxen would be the number required for a carucate, which contains eight bovates. This is confirmed by a passage in John of Glastonbury's History of his abbey (Hearne, 223), which enumerates the stock left on his lands by abbot Michael, who resigned in 1252. Foremost of this stock he puts, "Boves octingentos "quater viginti duodecim, qui faciunt centum undecim carrucas et dimidiam." 892 is eight times 111; therefore, in this case, a carruca or carucata boum,"—they must mean just the same,-is a team of eight oxen. this valuable reference to John of Glastonbury,—I have never seen the book myself,-I am indebted, amongst other kind communications, to F. H. Dickinson, Esq., Kingweston House, Somerset.

66

66

CORTINA, 47, 1. 14; a curtain, or hanging.

For

CUMULUS, 30 (last line); the roof, or perhaps rather the

vaulting or ceiling of a church, or other building; Fr. Comble.

....

"Cumulus ecclesiæ " occurs in the Dunstable Annals (257, Luard), where, in the marginal note, it is interpreted as "the body of the church." If by "body" Mr. Luard means the nave of the church, I wish I could believe this interpretation to be right; as Giraldus's "usque ad consummabilem "ecclesiæ cumulum . . . . plene perfectum" would then be a new and valuable addition to the architectural history of Lincoln cathedral, proving that the nave was completed, at the latest, when in 1213 or 1214 Giraldus addressed his Life of Remigius to archbishop Langton. In the same Annals (294, 1. 25) is, "Novus cumulus de pistrino cum "appendiciis ;" and directly afterwards, "Novus cumulus "de cancello de Husseburne, de meremio." In the Royal Letters of Henry III. (ii. 66, Shirley) there is this order; Præcipimus quod apud Guldeford . . . . totum cumulum cameræ nostræ de novo quinque pedibus altiorem fieri, et muros ejusdem exaltari, . . . faciatis." It is clear, I fear, that cumulus cannot be what Mr. Luard supposes, and must be what I have stated above.

66

66

In the very curious and valuable contemporary tract, on the siege and capture of Lisbon by the crusaders in 1147, printed by Professor Stubbs in the Appendix to his Introduction to the Itin. Reg. Ricardi, the Moorish temple at Lisbon is thus described (p. clxxx.): "Septem columnarum "ordinibus, cum tot cumalis, in altum consurgit." In his Glossary, Professor Stubbs explains cumulus (cumalus of MS.) as a cupola. But surely it must rather mean the several ranges of roofing, whether consisting of cupolas or not, over the several ranges of aisles formed by these rows of columns.

D.

DALIDA, 12, 1. 24; where it is said of such as entirely subdue all fleshy lusts, that "Dalidam suam domant." Dalila is the proper word, as at 89, 1. 22, where St. Hugh is described as "Dalilam suam domans." Dalila, Samson's mistress and betrayer, was considered, by early and medieval expositors of Scripture, as the typical personification of temptations of fleshly lusts.

DIETA, 98, 1. 20; 146, 1. 18; a day's journey.

DISPARAGARE, 223, 1. 18; to give wards, in marriage, to spouses of lower and unfit rank. See Du Cange. DORMIENS MENSA, 55, 1. 24; a dormant or fixed table, as generally in use as the high table in the halls of medieval mansions. Giraldus describes it as a "tabula grandis et spissa, "et firmiter etiam, sicut solent mensæ dormientes, et im"mobiliter defixa." See Parker's Domestic Architecture, " iii. 71.

E.

EPISCOPARE, 67 (last line); to make a bishop. More generally the word means, to act as a bishop.

EPISCOPIUM, 36, 1. 4, and 77 (last line); bishoprick. In 25, 2nd column of notes, 1. 7, it means the episcopal palace. See Du Cange.

F.

FABRICA, 158, June 29; 159, August 5; where benefactors are recorded as giving "fabricas" to St. Mary of Lincoln. The word seems to mean an oblation of money, or materials, or other aid, to the building of the church, or to repairs or alteration of the fabric. See Du Cange.

G.

GLOMELLUS, 121, 1. 22; a clew of thread. A woman is there described as filum in glomellum convertens." I do not find any mention of the word; but "glomus " is a classical word, with that meaning.

GRANTUM, 226, 1. 8; a promise, or pledge, of something to be granted. See Du Cange.

GUERRA. See WERRA, infra.

GUTTA FESTRA; a disease, from which, in his arm, a knight of Lindsey was cured at Hugh's funeral; 117, 1. 20. By the other authorities who report the miracle it is called "Cancer;" Ibid., n. 2. The term occurs again, 141, 1. 5; where, probably, it is identical with the "Fistula gutta" of the Metrical Life, 1. 1247. Du Cange quotes (under Fistulitus), from a Life of St. Columba, "Femina fistulita cancri "morbo."

66

H.

HERNESIUM, 55, 1. 18. Properly it seems to mean the armour of man or horse; Du Cange under Harnascha, Arnesium, &c. But it was often used in a wider sense. Giraldus uses it as including also saddles, baggage, &c.,-"hernesium eorum totum, sellas scilicet et clitellas et cetera." According to the Promptorium Parvulorum (Camden Soc.), the English word Harneys was applied also to apparel generally, and to household utensils as well. HORÆ REALES, 98, 1. 15. Where Giraldus describes Hugh as earnest, "reales horas omnes et singulas . . . . explere;" and as indefatigable especially "in septima, mortuorum "scilicet corporibus sepeliendis." This is sufficiently explained by the following passage of Durandus (Rationale, Prologue to Lib. v.): "Dies naturalis septem habet variePrima est infantia, quæ per matutinas laudes "representatur. Secunda pueritia, quæ per Primam. Tertia "adolescentia, quæ per Tertiam. Quarta juventus, quæ per Sextam. Quinta senectus, quæ per Nonam. Sexta "senium, quæ per Vesperas. Septima decrepita ætas, seu "finis vitæ nostræ, quæ per Completorium designatur." "Reales horas explere is to realize and fulfil the duties appertaining to these several natural hours.

"tates.

I.

INSPECTIS SACROSANCTIS EVANGELIIS JURARE, 133, 1. 23; to make oath before the Gospels, without touching them. This was how bishops and priests were sworn. See Du Cange, under Jurare inspectis sacrosanctis.

INSPIRATIO. A person was said to be elected "per viam in"spirationis," or "per viam (or inspirationem) Spiritus "Sancti," when he was at once unanimously fixed upon by the electors, without doubt or debate. See Du Cange. Oliver de Sutton was so elected bishop of Lincoln, 208, 1. 7.

When there was not this immediate unanimity, then the election would proceed, either "per viam Scrutinii," i.e. by the electors appointing from amongst themselves certain

"Scrutatores," generally three in number, to obtain secretly their votes, and declare the result. Bishop Dalderby was so elected to Lincoln, 212, 1. 16; and Anthony Beek, 215, 1. 1.

Or, the election might be made "per viam compromissi," or "compromissionis ;" i.e. where the electors appointed, from amongst themselves, certain "compromissores "compromissarii," uncertain in number, who were solemnly bound to choose a worthy person, and whose choice the electors bound themselves to accept. This was the regular Benedictine mode of election. The process of it is described in Thorn's chronicle (Twysden, 1920, 1. 43, &c.); in the Ely History (Anglia Sacra, i. 641, &c., 653, 662, &c.); and in Hart's Gloucester History (iii. 22, &c.) of the present series.

But, in case of any canonical objection to the person fixed upon, then he was to be "postulatus" by the electors, and to be advanced to his new dignity "per viam postulationis.” The electors could not actually elect; they could only beg that the objection might be dispensed with, and the person of their choice granted to them. See Du Cange, under Postulatio. For instance, as very frequently, when the person fixed upon as a new bishop was already a bishop of another see. This was the case with Walter de Coutances, when translated from Lincoln to Rouen, 199, 1. 5. Or, to give another instance, when the person chosen was of defective birth, as in the case of archbishop Sewall of York (Twysden, 1725, 41, &c.)

INSTAURUM, 227, 1. 8; the stock of cattle upon an estate. INTERSIGNUM, 146, 1. 12; some private token, to attest the authenticity of a message.

JOCALIA, 227, 1. 16; jewels.

J.

M.

MAIREMIUM, 226, 1. 12; timber for building purposes. It is generally spelt "meremium."