be a counsel for the governor. The senators to be elected every four years; the representatives every two. The sheriff and coroners of the several counties to be elected every two years. All persons of twenty-one years of age who have resided in this state six months previous to the election, are entitled to vote. Slavery is not admitted. Persons conscientiously scrupulous of bearing arms, not to be compelled to do militia duty in time of peace, on paying an equivalent for exemption. Brigadiers and major-generals to be elected by the officers of brigades and divisions. No religious test to be required as a qualification for any office. STATE OF KENTUCKY. Situation, Boundaries, and Extent. THIS state is situated between 36° 30′ and 39° 5' N. lat. and 4° 48′ and 12° 20′ W. long. Bounded on the north by the states of Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois; south, by Virginia, and Tennessee; east, by Virginia; and west, by Illinois, and Missouri territory. In length, from east to west, it is 300 miles; and in breadth from north to south, 138 miles; forming an area of 39,000 square miles, or 24,960,000 acres. Rivers. The Ohio washes the northern margin of Ken tucky for the space of 838 miles. The principal rivers which water this fertile tract of country, and fall into the Ohio, are Big Sandy which rises in the Allegany mountains near the heads of Clinch and Cumberland rivers, and forms the eastern boundary of the state for nearly 200 miles; it is 200 yards wide at its mouth. Licking river heads in the south-east corner of the state, near the sources of Cumberland river, pursues a north-western course, and falls into the Ohio, at Newport, opposite Cincinnati. Between the mouths of Big Sandy and Licking, a number of creeks and rivulets enter the Ohio; they are from twenty to seventy miles long.-The Kentucky rises in the mountains in the south-east corner of the state, and interlocks with the head waters of Licking and Cumber land rivers. It runs a north-west course, and falls into the Ohio at Port William, seventy-seven miles above Louisville. It is 150 yards wide at its mouth, and has a boatable navigation 150 miles.-Salt river rises in Mercer county, and enters the Ohio twenty miles below Louisville. It is 150 yards wide at its mouth, and navigable 150 miles. Green river has its sources in Lincoln county; it pursues a western course, and enters the Ohio 200 miles below Louisville; fifty miles above the mouth of Cumberland river. It is navigable for boats nearly 200 miles, and is 200 yards wide at its mouth.-Tradewater river heads in the bend of Cumberland river, and falls into the Ohio, 200 miles below the mouth of Green river. It is about seventy yards wide at its mouth, and eighty miles long. Cumberland river rises near the south fork of Big Sandy, in the south-east corner of the state. After meandring about 200 miles, it turns to the north-west, passes by Nashville, and unites with the Ohio in a west direction, 1,113 miles below Pittsburgh. It is 300 yards wide at its mouth, and is navigable in large vessels to Nashville, where it is 190 yards wide, and continues that breadth upwards of 200 miles; and from the latter place it is navigable 300 miles farther, for boats of fifteen tons burden. Tennessee river runs about seventy-five miles in Kentucky, before it enters the Ohio. Besides the above rivers there is Red river, which runs a south-west course and falls into Cumberland river.— Kaskinampas river waters the western end of the state; it heads near Tennessee and enters the Mississippi about half way between the mouth of the Ohio and New Madrid. There are also a number of forks and creeks branching from the above rivers, which chequer the country. General aspect of the country, soil, &c.-The face of this country is generally uneven, and towards the east spurs of the Allegany, some of it is rough and hilly; the soil is generally good, and a considerable part excellent; producing wheat and other grains, hemp, flax, tobacco, cotton, grass, &c. The bottoms on the Kentucky side of the Ohio, from its mouth to that of the Big Sandy will average one mile in width. The bottoms are in some places subject to periodical inundation; about one sixth of this land is cleared. The timber is beech, sugar maple, sycamore, cottonwood, hackberry, pawpaw, and honey locust. Parallel to the Ohio, and in the rear of the bottoms, lies a strip of country from five to twenty miles wide, and as long as the state, which is cut into deep valleys and high hills, by the numerous creeks and runs entering the Ohio. This soil is rich, the greater part capable of improvement. Between this strip, Big Sandy, and Green rivers, and the eastern counties, lies the garden of the state, if not of the world. It is about 150 miles long, and from 50 to 100 miles wide, and comprises the counties of Mason, Fleming, Montgomery, Clarke, Bourbon, Fayette, Scott, Harrison, Franklin, Woodford, Mercer, Jessamine, Madison, Garrard, Logan, Casey, Lincoln, Washington, and Green. This district is gradually rising and descending alternately; there are no swamps and the hills are of such easy ascent, that the fields shew to the best possible advantage. The soil is black and friable, generally, but sometimes of a deep vermillion bue, or of the colour of strong ashes. The depth of the soil is always greatest on the summits of the ridges and hills, varying from one to twenty feet. There is little or no underwood. In the woods the earth is not incumbered with the rubbish of fallen timber, nor the trunks of par-. tially decayed trees, as is the case in the northern states. The counties bordering the Virginia and Tennessee frontiers, situated in the eastern and south-eastern parts of the state, are broken by the spurs and lateral branches of the Allegany and Cumberland mountains. Besides, it is in these sections of the state that the Big Sandy, Licking, Kentucky, and Cumberland rivers have their sources. The small streams are numerous, and have gullied the earth into sharp hills, long crooked ridges, deep glens, dark hollows, and frightful gulfs. The hills are covered with oak, chesnut, hickory, gum, and poplar, and the valleys with beech, sugar maple, elm, poplar, black walnut, and hackberry. In the bottoms of the gulfs, or cores, as the inhabitants call them, the trees are thickly planted, and grow to a most extraordinary size, particularly the poplars, which frequently measure eight feet in diameter, and of an immense height. Between the Rolling fork of Salt river and Green river, in Nelson county principally, is a tract of country, about forty miles square, mostly barren, interspersed with plains and strips of good lands, which are advantageous situations for raising cattle, as the neighbouring barrens, as they are improperly called, are covered with grass, and afford good pasturage. Small tracts of similar land are found upon Great and Little Barren rivers. But the country between Green and Cumberland rivers is emphati cally called the barrens, by the inhabitants living north of Green river and the Knobs of Pulaski county; not because the soil is unproductive, but because the timber is uniformly oak, chesnut, hickory, gum, lyn, poplar and cucumber. The oak, or knob district, includes the counties of Pulaski, Wayne, Rockcastle, Knox, Cumberland, Warren, Barren, Livingston, and Christian. There are no meadows or pastures to be seen in this quarter; all the domestic animals run in the woods. These lands will yield from forty to fifty bushels of Indian corn; fifteen bushels of rye, twenty of wheat, and thirty of oats, an acre; besides, tobacco does well in the swails and flats, which are sometimes very fertile; cotton and indigo will do tolerably well. The gardens produce onions, cabbage, sweet, and Irish potatoes. The bottoms of Cumberland, where it runs on the Kentucky side of the boundary line, are very productive, not so subject to inundation, nor so wide as those of the Ohio. The soil is a gravelly clay or loam of a vermillion colour, except in the poplar timbered lands, where it is a deep, ash coloured mould, rich, durable, and capable of producing 100 bushels of corn an acre. The inhabitants grow tobacco on this soil, for which purpose they uniformly clear a piece of new ground. The chesnut trees are remarkably tall and handsome; it is mostly used by the inhabitants for rails and shingles. Civil divisions, towns, population, &c.-This state is divided into fifty-four counties, containing by the census of 1800, a population of 220,960; in 1810, 406,511, and by the state census of 1817, 580,000. The following is a list of the counties, with the chief towns and population, viz. Chief Towns and Population. Clay. 2,398 Caldwell 4,268 Estle 2,081 Fayette Franklin 8,833 Lexington, 4,326 Fleming 8,947 Floyd 3,485 Gallatin 3,307 Prestonville, 32 Greenup 2,369 Green 6,735 Greensburgh, 132 Grayson 2,301 Garrard Henry 6,777 Lancaster, 260 Harrison 7,752 Henderson 4,703 Harden Hopkins Jessamine 8,377 Jefferson Knox 5,875 Cynthiana, 369 Madisonville, 37 Louisville, 1,357 Elizabeth-town, 181 Smithland, 99 Lewis 2,357 Lincoln 8,676 Stanford Logan 12,123 Russelville, 532 . Mason 12,459 Washington, 815 Mercer 12,630 Danville, 432 Madison 15,540 Muhlenburg 4,189 Richmond, 366 Montgomery 12,975 Nicholas 4,898 Nelson Ohio 3,682 Pulaski 6,897 Pendleton. 3,061 Rockcastle 1,731 Scott 12,419 Mountsterling, 325 Beardstown, 821 Falmouth, 121 Georgetown, 529 |