The largest open part, next to the Grande Place, is the cattle and wood Market, near the Douane, (custom-house); some of the oldest houses are in this neighbourhood, having their fronts carved in the Flemish or Spanish style; and here are the public Baths. Pont Neuf is a small bridge of six arches, built 1701, on the Grand Rivage, a branch of the Deule, where goods are landed. Pont Royal is ascended by steps and covered over. In this quarter, also, are the Palais de Justice (with a portico of four pillars); the general hospital, founded 1783; the government tobacco factory, magazines, barracks, the artillery depôt, and large public granary.

The Hôtel de Ville, in Place Rihour, is a Gothic pile of various dates, originally begun by the Dukes of Burgundy in the 13th century, when it was called the Palais de Rihour; and rebuilt 1848, when the Museum was removed here from the old Church of the Recollets. Here are also the Salle du Conclave, a vestige of the old Palace, with old paintings; an old chapel, and a modern belfry. Charles V. and Henry VIII. visited it together, 1542. The Museum includes several pictures, by Rubens, Vandyke, &c.; portraits of the Dukes of Flanders, &c.; also the Musée Wicar, containing a collection of drawings by Raphael, Michael Angelo, and other Old Masters, which were presented to the town by Wicar, a native of Lille who died at Rome, 1834. The Musée Moillet is another curious collection, by a native of that name, who died 1850. The Hôtel de Monnaie (or min) adjoins the Cirque, which they say marks the site of the Château de Buc, built by "Lyderic," founder of the town. At the College is the public Library, of 40,000 volumes, besides MSS.

The Préfecture is a fine modern building, in Place de la République.

The Bourse, or Exchange, stands in Grande Place; it was built 1652, with a square court inside.

Among the churches, none of which are of much note, are St. Maurice, near the railway station, an ancient gothic church, begun 1022, restored and enlarged 1874; St. André, with a good pulpit; Ste. Catherine, with an altar piece by Rubens; Notre Dame de la Treille, a new gothic church; and another modern church in the Faubourg Wazemmes, with a good spire. The English Church, in Rue l'Yderic, was built 1870. There is also a French Protestant Church.

A large Military Hospital is seen near the Porte Béthune, built 1765. The hospital St. Sauveur is near that church, and the Hôtel Dieu.

The old men's hospital, or Hôpital Comtesse, founded in the 18th century, by Countess Jeanne, daughter of the emperor, Baldwin IX., has a slender spire like a minaret.

At the Administration des Hospices, are a picture by Vandyke, and the halbert of the famous Jeanne Maillotte, leader of the townspeople against the insurgent Flemish, who attacked the place 1582.

There are at Lille, as might be expected, several Casernes, or barracks, and large corn stores; also schools of medicine, painting, &c.; and a botanic garden. Here died, 1852, an old veteran, aged 88, called Coulomben l'Immortel. Among other escapes, when taken in the Vendéan war and shot for not giving the pass-word, he fell pierced with ten balls and four stabs of the bayonet, and yet survived sixty years after. Another celebrity was M. Fokedy who died, near this, in 1853, at the great age of 95. He was one of the members of the Convention who voted against the execution of Louis XVI.

Manufactures.-Lille has long been celebrated for its Lille or Lisle thread manufactures, to which are added cotton, linen, beet-root sugar, colza and other oils, in the factories of Wazemmes, &c., in the suburbs. Flax is extensively grown.

Conveyances: By railway to Calais, Dunkirk, Tournay, Brussels, Mons, Le Quesnoy (page 22), Orchies, Tourcoing, Menin, Comines, Courtrai, &c., in Belgium. Cysoing, to the south-east, has part of an old abbey, and a pyramid in honour of Louis XV., who was here after the battle of Fontenoy.

From Lille, on the rail to Ghent or Gand, you pass Roubaix (5 miles), a large town of 83,665 people, and a thriving seat of the woollen and cotton manufactures.

Hotels.-Hotel Ferraille; du Commerce. English Church here; and at CROIX, near the town.

Tourcoing (1 mile), noted for its linge-detable, or table linen. Population, 48,635. Hotel.Du Cygne. Rail open to Orchies and Menin (Belgium). Here begins a system composed of the North Eastern, Lille and Valenciennes, Orleans, and La Vendée lines; which, starting from the colliery centres of Roubaix and Tourcoing, connects with Paris by the Grand Ceinture, and, viâ Tours, with La Vendée.

Mouscron (3 miles), where carriages are changed for Belgium.-See BRADSHAW's HandBook to Belgium and the Rhine.

Leaving Lille, the next stations towards Paris are Seclin (7 miles). Population, 4,000. Phalempin (1 mile). Carvin (4 miles), in department Du Nord, with its population of 6,100, starchmakers, &c. Rail to Henin, Lille, Arras.

Leforest (3 miles), in department Pas-deCalais; then comes Du Nord again, at

Douai (5 miles), a strong fortress, and sous-préfecture, having a tribunal, college, and School for Artillery and engineers, to which the Duke of Wellington was sent when a boy.

Hotels.-De l'Europe; de Flandre; du Commerce. Buffet at station. Population, 27,000.

It was once a seat of the Caluaci, in Belgic Gaul, and stands on the river Scarpe, which is joined to the Escaut, or Schelde, by a canal. Marlborough took it in the wars of Queen Anne's time. The old walls are strengthened with several towers; there are good walks on the ramparts. It has a Gothic Hôtel de Ville, with a pinnacled belfry tower and chimes over it; Palais de Justice; an Arsenal (where the English prisoners were kept in the war); large Cannon Foundry; Public Library of 40,000 vols., Museum, and Picture Gallery, in the old Jesuit Convent; Benedictine Convent (with a good chapel), where O'Connell studied; Botanic Garden, Theatre; large Hospital; and Hotel Dieu. Every other year an Exhibition of works of industry takes place. Another exhibition, which occurs yearly in July, is the procession of Gayan (Géant or Giant)

and his wife, with their family, and other personages. The Giant is about ten yards high, dressed in armour.

The English College for priests, founded by Cardinal Allen, situated near the railway station, is turned into the Barracks aux Grands Anglais; it was here that the Douai version of the Old Testament was first published, 1609. A worthy seminarist of Douai, who visited England in the 17th century, was asked, "Quid vidisti ?"- What most astonished him there? "Vidi," said the scandalised priest, "Vidi episcopos, et episcopas, et episcopatulos." (I have seen bishops, and bishops' wives, and bishops' children!) The former Scots College is now a nunnery.

Tapestry, sewing thread, bone lace, &c., are made. Rail to Somain (p. 18), Valenciennes, and Brussels, as in Route 4. Cambrai (see Route 5). At Somain is the junction for Orchies. To Lille, viâ Carvin.

Vitry (5 miles); and Rœux (4 miles); and 5 miles beyond that, is Arras, on our main line.] ARRAS,

84 miles from Calais, 119 miles from Paris. HOTELS.-Du Griffon; du Petit St. Pol; de l'Univers; du Commerce. Buffet at Station.

OBJECTS OF NOTICE.-Hôtel de Ville-St. Waast's Abbey-Robespierre's House. Population, 26,760. A strongly fortified town, chief place of department Pas-de-Calais (formerly of Artois province, which gave title of Comte d'Artois to Charles X.), a third-class military station, seat of a bishopric, tribunal, college, chamber of manufactures, &c., in a fertile plain, on the Scarpe. It was the Atrebates of Cæsar; and even in St Jerome's time (5th century) was noted for its trade.

The Cité, or old town, on the highest ground, was built round the hermitage of St. Waast (founded in the 6th century), which afterwards became a large Abbey, and has left some remains at the Bishop's Palace, Museum, and Public Library (36,000 volumes). Near this is Notre Dame Cathedral, built 1832, in the Grecian style, on the site of the old Gothic one, which was destroyed by the partisans of Robespierre, who was born here. His house, a plain-looking one, built 1780, is pointed out in Rue des Rapporteurs. The Hotel de Ville is

a handsome restored Gothic building, with a tall Belfry. The Grande and Petite Place, or squares, near the Hotel de Ville, are surrounded with picturesque old Flemish houses and arcades. The Palais de Justice, Theatre, Post Office, Chapel des Ursulines, Churches of St. Jean Baptiste and of St. Géry, near the Hospital, are all in the Haute

Ville.

The Basse Ville, or lower town, divided from the other by the brook Crinchon, has good houses and streets of hewn stone. Here are the Barracks; the Protestant Temple; the St. Sacrament Chapel; the Place de la Basse Ville; and the Promenade, leading to the Citadel, built by Vauban. Other buildings are the deaf and dumb school, large barracks, riding and military schools.

Damiens, who was broken on the wheel for trying to assassinate Louis XV., was a native. At one time it was held by the Spaniards, who put up this rhyme on the gates

"Quand les Français prendront Arras, Les souris mangeront les chats;" which when it came into French hands, some one proposed to retain, merely suppressing the p in prendront.

Manufactures of lace, beet-root sugar, linseed oil, are carried on; besides a trade in corn (very large), grain, wine, and spirits, kept in the chalk cellars in the Cité part. "Arras" tapestry, once so much in use, was made here.

Near this, at Mont St. Eloy (4 miles) is a ruined abbey; and two stones at Acques mark the spot where Charles the Bald was defeated by Count Baldwin, 863.

[Coach to Cambrai (see Route 5). Rail to Carvin and Lille. To St. Pol (below) and Etaples (page 14), 38 miles, viâ Anvin, Hesdin (page 16), Maresquel, Montreuil-sur-Mer (page 14). At Anvin, a branch goes off towards Calais, viâ Verchin and Fruges. To Doullens (page 8), St. Pol (as below), and Béthune (page 4). It passes Aubigny, Ligny-de-Flochel, &c., to St. Pol; and thence by Pernes, Lapugnoy, &c., to St. Béthune; about 40 miles long.]

[St. Pol, on the old road to Montreuil, is a souspréfecture (population, 3,500), on the Ternoise, in a healthy spot; and having traces of the old Castle of its former Counts. Here four great

roads and four rails meet, including the lines to Etaples and Abbeville. About 12 miles further is Agincourt (see Route 2).] Boileux (5) miles). Achiet (53 miles). Branch rail to Bapaume, as old as the eleventh century, fortified by Charles V., but given up 1659. It has an Hotel de Ville, with a Beffroi; the Church of St. Nicholas; and a ruined Castle. A fight took place here in the Franco-German war between Faidherbe and Von Göben. This branch line is continued to Marcoing, on the Picardy and Flanders line, which connects Cambrai and Peronne].

Albert (11 miles), on a branch of the river Ancre, which makes a fine cascade here. It has a quarry, in which various fossils are found; and at the church is an image of "our Lady of Breberie," to whom the shepherds and shepherdesses of this part make an annual offering of cakes. Coach to Peronne. [Peronne, on the Picardy rail, a sous-préfecture and fortress (population, 4,200), in the marshes of the Somme; once the old capital of Santerre. It has a Castle, enclosing a very old tower, called Tour Hibert, where Charles the Simple (placed here by Heribert, Count of Vermandois) died a prisoner, 929; and where, too, the old fox, Louis XI., was trapped by his vassal, Charles the Bold, as related in Scott's "Quentin Durward." Having been unsuccessfully besieged by the Spaniards, and by Henry of Nassau, 1536, it styled itself la Pucelle (maiden); but it was taken, 1815; and again 9th January, 1871, by the Germans. It has an old Gothic church, and Hôtel de Ville, with a belfry. At Château d'Applincourt, the League against the Protestants was signed by Henry III. and the Guises. Hotel.-Ste. Claude]. Corbie (10 miles), has the curious portal, &c., of a Benedictine abbey, founded 664, by Ste. Bathilde, aud a statue of the saint. At 9 miles from this, we come to

AMIENS,

122 miles from Calais, 81 miles from Paris, at a bifurcation, where the line to Boulogne parts off, either at Amiens, or sometimes at Longueau, close by it. Passengers by the night train may stop here to avoid getting into Paris too early. The morning

train affords time to breakfast and see the Cathedral. Here Gambetta descended in a balloon by which he escaped from Paris, October, 1870. It was occupied by the Germans in November, after the defeat of the army of the North by Manteuffel. HOTELS.-Du Rhin, Place St. Denis, close to the railway; one of the best in the town, highly recommended.

De France et d'Angleterre, highly recommended; omnibuses from the station.

De l'Univers, finely situated. Buffet at station. OBJECTS OF NOTICE.-Cathedral-Hôtel de Ville-Bibliothèque-the Hautoye.

Population, 67,000. A large, fortified, and very old town, the capital of department Somme (formerly of Picardy), seat of a cour nationale (assize court) tribunal, college, and bishopric, on the river Somme, which divides itself in its course here into eleven or twelve canals, and contributes to the manufacturing prosperity of the town. It was the Roman Ambiani. The Spaniards took it by stratagem, 1597. In 1802, the Peace of Amiens was signed here.

The streets and houses are regular; the largest place or square is the Marché aux Herbes (herb market), which extends about 145 yards by 48. Good walks are laid out on the old fortifications; but the best is the Hautoye promenade, which is planted, and set off with a large piece of water. In Place Longueville is a beautiful Fountain.

The Virgin Mary Cathedral, one of the finest in France, was built between 1220 and 1288: Bishop de Fouillay having laid the first stone. Length, about 410 feet; height of spire, an elegant one, 425 feet; the nave, 45 feet broad, is of the great height of 141 feet, and is supported by above 120 delicate pillars, some of which sound like a bell when struck.

But the Front, flanked by two towers,

and pierced at the base by three deep portals, is the finest part. It has a circular window above; and the whole is is marked by a profusion of tracery, bas-reliefs, niched figures, including the Last Judgment, the Virtues and Vices, the Months and Seasons, the Massacre of the Innocents, &c. Notice also the circular gallery, the fine windows (not stained), the tombs of the founders, Geoffroy d'Eu and Cardinal Hemart, the carved stalls and pulpit, and the monument of the Enfant Pleureur (weeping child) It is under restoration. The Churches

of St. Germain, St. Remi, and St. Leu, all deserve notice.

The Hôtel de Ville, built by Henry IV., stands on arcades, and has some pictures, with the room where the Peace of Amiens was signed. The public Library (bibliothèque) is a large building in the Ionic style, with a good collection of 45,000 vols., including 400 vols. of MSS. The Museum, a handsome quadrangle, on the site of the Arsenal, has some paintings and antiquities. Other buildings are the Préfecture; the Lycée, or college; corn market; Citadel; jardin des plantes (botanic garden); hospital of St. Charles; cavalry barracks. Peter the Hermit, Ducange, the poet Gresset, and Delambre, the astronomer, were born here.

Manufactures of velvet, camlet, plush, ribands, cotton goods, and savon du nord (soap), but the velvets cost twice as much as those made in Manǝhester, in consequence of protection. There are large market gardens.

Here the Outer Girdle Rail round Paris goes off to Chalons and Rouen. Towards Chalons it passes to Guillancourt, Chaulnes (on the Picardy line), Ham and Tergnier (see page 21), Laon (see page 24), Chalons (see page 236). Towards Rouen it passes by Saleux (a branch to Conty), Poix (see page 33). Abancourt (on the Tréport line (see page 16); Serqueux, Montérollier and branch to Cléres (see page 33); Darnetal and Rouen (see page 29).

From here an alternative line to Paris of about 9 miles, is open; via Saleux, Conty, Crévecœur (page 26), Beauvais (page 25), Meru (page 10), Chambly, Persan-Beaumont, and thence onward. [Villers-Bretonneux (10 miles east), has a thriving stocking manufacture.

Aumale (27 miles west-south-west), on the Rouen road, pleasantly seated on the Bresle, gives title to the Duc d'Aumale, and has two columns near the bridge where Henry IV. was wounded on his way from Rouen. The old fort stood about a dozen sieges. On the north side are some useful mineral waters; and the ruins of Auchy Abbey are not far off.

Doullens (18 miles north) has a good church, and one of Vauban's best constructed fortresses. Population, 5,000. Hotels.-Des Bons Enfans; de l'Europe. It can be reached by direct rail