son-in-law, by beating him on the head with a hammer. Executed December, 1841.

Daniel Good, for the murder of Jane Jones at Putney. Executed May, 1842.

John Francis, for shooting at Her Majesty. Transported June, 1842.

Thomas Cooper, for the murder of Timothy Daly, a policeman, at Highbury. Executed July, 1842.

Alice Lowe, for stealing jewellery from Lord Frankfort, with whom she was living at the time. Acquitted October, 1842.

Daniel McNaughton, for shooting at and killing Mr. Drummond, whom it is thought he mistook for Sir Robert Peel. Acquitted as insane, February, 1843.

William Henry Barber, (transported April, 1844,) Georgiana Dorey, (imprisoned April, 1844,) for the forging of several wills. After passing four years in the penal colony, Mr. Barber was pardoned, his innocence being fully established. He is now in England, and has published an interesting statement of his case. Fifteen years earlier, he would have been hanged for the same offence. The reparation for unjust sufferings is even now unworthy of the nation; then there could have been no reparation at all, so far as the innocent man was himself concerned.

Augustus Dalmas, for the murder of Sarah Eleanor McFarlane, near Battersea Bridge. Removed to Surrey County Gaol, June, 1844, and there executed.

William Ross Tuckett, for shooting at and wounding Thomas Smith, in the shooting gallery in Holborn. Acquitted as insane, October, 1844.

William Henry Hocker, for the murder of James De-la-Rue, near Hampstead. Executed April, 1845. Martha Browning, for the murder of Elizabeth Mundell, by strangling her, to obtain possession of some flash notes.

Alexander Thompson Monroe, for shooting Lieut.Col. Fawcett in a duel. Imprisoned August, 1847. Frederick George Manning, Maria Manning, for the murder of Patrick O'Connor at Bermondsey. Executed November, 1849.

In a small anteroom near the entrance to the prison is a collection of casts taken from the heads of the principal malefactors who have been recently executed in front of the gaol-more interesting to the student of phrenological science than to the social reformer.

The men's quadrangle is pretty much like the women's, but larger. It consists of two or three yards and the buildings surrounding them. No separation of the men is made other than as the law requires namely, into felons and misdemeanants. This amount of separation is profitless; for, by the theory of crime recognised in the present law, there is no moral distinction between the two classes of offenders: thus, for instance, stealing a penny is an act of felony, uttering a counterfeit sovereign is a misdemeanour! The average of time which prisoners pass in Newgate is about three weeks. During this period, as already stated, they have no work—no instruction-except in criminal arts; but as these have the charms of novelty and sin, they are only too

rapidly acquired.

The men must do something during these twenty days; if placed in evil circumstances though matter of regret, it is not of wonder -they will prefer a vicious excitement to a state of sluggish inactivity. What can be expected from a system which leaves both mind and body to their own resources—both being either predisposed to ill, or utterly indifferent to good? Here there must be reform. With respect to the boys, it is begun. They are made to attend school, where, if they are not taught a great deal of good, they are kept away from much evil. If the advantage be only negative, it is, under the circumstances, very important. If complete separation be found impossible—and, with the present arrangements of Newgate, it certainly is so-might not the attendance of the adults be required at school? It is of very little use putting common-place books and pamphlets in the hands of men who are-innocently or guiltily-awaiting judgments which may affect their whole after-course and condition in life. Such persons have little taste for the study of orthodox morals and the pious romances of the Tract Society; and we do not believe that much good is done by this trial of the voluntary system. Most of the criminals are unequal to the task of self-instruction, even if there were no companions near to jeer them out of the desire to attempt it. They must have their attention compelled.

Some little instruction is afforded by humane and philanthropic visitors at the prison, especially of ladies. Dear Elizabeth Fry used to make the female

wards of Newgate the scene of her pious labours. And she has not been left without helpers and successors in the work. Lady Pirie is a constant visitor and teacher here now-so is Miss Sturgiss. They read, converse, and pray with their unfortunate sisters. The good their charitable and noble exertions effect, heaven only knows,-for the end is often far off, and they who sow the seed do not always live to see the fruits. But go on, angels of love and mercy, in your noiseless mission! Fear not for the results-falter not by the way; providence does not permit such ministries to be discharged in vain.

The chapel, as well befits such a place, is neat and plain. There are galleries for male and female prisoners. Below and in the centre of the floor, a chair is placed conspicuously, and marked for the use of the condemned blood-shedder. On this he is required to sit the day before his execution, in face of the congregation. We fail to see the wisdom of this practice, and think it ought to be discontinued. Formerly the coffin was also brought into chapel, and placed at the criminal's feet during the service! This horror is no longer enacted. The forced exposure of the criminal's person should follow it. No good can come to the malefactor-none to his criminal audience, from such an exhibition. The effort to seem easy under the terrors of approaching death, serves only to harden him,-whilst their gain. is limited to the satisfaction of a morbid curiosity.

Leaving the chapel, we repass the yards, one of

which is notable as the scene of a very curious escape that of the "Sweep." The walls are of the same height as the lofty houses in Newgate-street, and present a bar to escape which would daunt the most inveterate prison-breaker. But the Sweep surmounted them. There were a squadron of prisoners in the yard at the time, but no officer. He proposed to escape his companions laughed at his notion; it seemed the height of absurdity and foolhardiness. They would, however, give no alarm. That was all he wanted in the way of help. Placing his back in the angle of the wall, he worked himself up by his hands and feet, pressing them against the rough masonry, until he reached the giddy height. Thence he crept cautiously along the top of the wall towards the houses-got on a roof-ran along for a short distance entered at an open balcony, almost frightening a woman to death, whom he encountered in his way down stairs-rushed through the shop. into the streets, where, as the Newgate prisoners wear no regular costume, he passed unnoticed. a time his absence was not discovered; when it was, no one could tell what had become of him. At length the truth came out. The escape was certain : for the Sweep was recaptured in a few days; but many persons remained sceptical as to the mode of it, until a sailor, who was visiting Newgate as one of the "lions" of London, proved its feasibility by actually climbing to the top of the wall in the manner adopted by the Sweep. Care is taken to prevent any further attempts of the kind.

For