CHAPTER VII.

PARKHURST.

168. Isle of Wight-169. Sunshine of the Court-170. History of the

Treatment of young Offenders - Howard's Ideas on the Subject-

172. Neglected by the Government-San Michele in Rome-Orphan

House in Berlin-The Philanthropic Institute-Warwickshire Asylum

173. Johannes Falk in Dantzic-House of Refuge in Philadelphia-

174. Colonie Agricole at Mettrai-175. Lord John Russell originates

Parkhurst-176. Awful Ignorance of Criminals-177. The Homeless-

179. Cells at Parkhurst-180. Probation Wards-181. Work-rooms-

183. Labour versus Learning-186. Evening Reunion-188. Scientific

Experiments-189. Theory of the Crowbar-190. Conclusion.

CHAPTER VIII.

NEWGATE.

191. Interest connected with Newgate-192. Hanging at Tyburn and

Newgate-193. Description of a recent Execution-196. The Moral of

the Gallows-198. Dick Whittington-199. Shakspeare in Newgate-

The Religious Martyrs-John Bradford and John Rough-200. Sir

Philip Sidney-Liberty of the Press-Elizabeth and John Stubbs-

201. The Whitgift Controversy-202. Literary Offences-203. Poets in

Prison-George Wither-The Earl of Dorset-William Penn-204. The

Bishops-A touching Story-205. Defoe in Newgate-207. Boswell's

Friend-208. Gallant Conduct-209. Lord George Gordon-Dr. Forde

-210. Byron's Prophecy fulfilled-211. Present State of the Prison-

Horrible Contamination-203. Number and Character of Newgate
Inmates 214. The Condemned Cells - Dr. Dodd and Johnson's
Letters-215. Arthur Thistlewood-216. Half a Century of Great
Criminals-220. Casts from Malefactors' Heads-221. Male Side of the
Gaol-222. Elizabeth Fry-223. The Chapel-A remarkable Escape.

CHAPTER IX.

HOUSE OF DETENTION.

224. Clerkenwell-225. Crime sporadic-227. Mysteries of Field-lane-

228. Aspects of Saffron-hill-229. History of the House of Detention-

231. Attempts at Suicide to escape Isolation-233. Demoralization of

Prisons-234. Employments in Prison-235. Danger of long-continued

Separation.

CHAPTER X.

COLDBATH-FIELDS.

237, Character of the Prison-The Flower Garden-238. Old Reputation

for Severity-239. Lines by Coleridge and Southey-Qualities required

in the Governor of a great Prison-240. A diabolical Criminal-Rape,

Incest, Infanticide, Murder-241. Force of the Staff-242. The Silent

System-243. Discharged Prisoners-244. Model Work-room-Oakum-

picking-245. Want of Cellular Accommodation-246. The Wheel-

247. Admirable Work-rooms.

CHAPTER XI.

TOTHILL-FIELDS.

248. The Palace and the Prison-249. Curious Inscription-250. Defensive

Power of the Prison-251. Faults of Plan-252. The Chartist Prisoners

-Joseph Ady-253. Ernest Jones-254. Cells and Dormitories-

256. The Labour System versus the Separate System.

CHAPTER XII.

GILTSPUR-STREET COMPTER.

257. The Architect-258. Christ's Hospital-259. Coleridge and Charles

Lamb-260. The House of Correction-A Horrible Cell-261. Phy-

siology of a Room full of Prisoners-262. Illicit Gaming-263. Con-

tamination unchecked-264. Irredeemable Faults of this Gaol-The

New City Prison at Holloway.

CHAPTER XIII.

BRIDEWELL.

265. The Holy Well of St. Bride-266. The Bridewell Palace-The

Pilgrims-Cardinal Campeius and Henry VIII.-267. Shakspeare-

Ridley Madam Creswell's Funeral Sermon- Hogarth's Picture-

268. London 'Prentices-269. The Bridewell becomes a common Prison

-Description of it-270. Defects as a Gaol-271. The School given up

-272. The House of Occupations in St. George's Fields.

CHAPTER XIV.

WHITE CROSS-STREET.

274. General Characteristics of a Debtors' Prison-275. Number of De-

tenues in Whitecross-street - A Prisoner for Sevenpence! - 276.

A melancholy Scene-277. The Deceits of Affection-278. Nell

Gwynne's Bounty 279. Gentlemen and Costermongers-280. A

Lawyer in Durance-281. Division of the Prison-283. The Work-

room.

-

CHAPTER XV.

HORSEMONGER-LANE GAOL.

284. London Charitable Institutions-285. The Prison-Leigh Hunt and

George IV.-Byron and Tom Moore-286. A Chamber of Horrors-

287. Magistrates' Report - Oakum-picking, no Punishment to the

hardened-288. Education in Horsemonger-lane-289. A Prisoner's
Remonstrance-290. A poor Wretch in Solitude-Manacles-Theory of
Correction-291. Decrease of Prison Punishments-A stony Bed.

CHAPTER XVI.

BRIXTON HOUSE OF CORRECTION.

292. The Iron Duke repulsed-293. A Man shot at while attempting to

escape-294. Anecdote told by Howard of a Prisoner in Berne-

295. Over-crowding of Prisoners-Three in a Cell-296. Low Lodging-

house Morals-297. Insubordination in Chapel-298. Unhealthiness of
the Prison-Compared with Coldbath-Fields-299. New Gaol for the
County-How 80,0007. might be saved.

CHAPTER XVII.

MANCHESTER NEW GAOL.

300. The great Prisons of Lancashire-Crime in the Manufacturing Dis-

tricts-301. Compared with Agricultural Counties-The Romance of

Statistics-302. Mr. Clay's Evidence-303. Scarcity of Capital Crimes-

Description of the new Gaol-304. Size and Cost of it-305. Varieties

of the Separate System-Disagreement of the Doctors-306. Mr. Ads-

head's Suggestion-Idleness versus Industry-307. The Battle of

Cotton and Corn-Loss to the Public in consequence.

CHAPTER XVIII.

NEW BAILEY.

308. The Bridge of Tears-309. Inscription to Howard's Memory-Archi-

tecture of the New Bailey-310. Causes of the Increase of Crime-

Irish Offenders-311. Faults of Discipline-312. Prison Punishments

-313. Ingenious Classification-314. The Untried-315. System of

Teaching-Dangers of too much Learning-316. The Cell of seventy

Years ago-317. Opinions of Visiting Justices.

CHAPTER XIX.

KIRKDALE.

318. A Provincial Newgate -Old Kirkdale and New Kirkdale - 319.

Distribution of Prisoners-320. Road-gangs in England - 321. A

"Gothic" Church-Labour in this Gaol-322. Social versus Cell Work

-The Condemned Cells-323. Two Murderers at large in the Prison

-324. Industry or Solitude-325. The Complaint of Expense.

CHAPTER XX.

LIVERPOOL BOROUGH GAOL.

327. A French Prison-328. Horrible overcrowding of Prisoners-329.

Prison Offences - The Test of Dicipline-The Re-commitments.—

330. Disgusting character of the Wool-picking Work-room-331. The

Luxury of Stone-breaking-Minor Work-shops-332. The Prison Staff

-333. Cellular Accommodation-Chloride of Lime continually burning

-334. Female Wards-The Course of Crime-335. The new Gaol at

Walton.

CHAPTER XXI.

PRESTON GAOL.

336. Reputation of the Preston Gaol-Open to all the World-337.

The Military Parade out of character-A Mob repulsed-338. Labour

not sufficiently enforced-339. Remarkable Behaviour of Prisoners in

Chapel-340. Large Innovations-Exercise in common-341. How to

deal with discharged Offenders - Number of Irish Prisoners-342.

Ultimate Fate of the Preston Criminals-343. Causes of Crimes, as
enunciated by Mr. Clay-Extraordinary Test of Ignorance-344. Limited
Vocabulary of the Lower Classes.

-

CHAPTER XXII.

LANCASTER CASTLE.

345. A great Baronial Castle-Scenery lying about it-346. Communion

with Nature interdicted to Criminals-347. How the Feudal Strong-

hold became a House of Correction-348. Private Bastilles and Spiel-

bergs What the Tradesman of Manchester or Liverpool thinks of

Lancaster Castle-349. The Debtors' Side-The Enemy to the Prince of

Wales-350. Example of the Wisdom of the Law-351. The Crown

Side-352. A Trappist Chamber-353. The Round House-Awe of a

regular Costume-The Refractory Cells-354. Sentimental Reflections.

b

CHAPTER XXIII.

WEST RIDING OLD GAOL.

355. A bad Reputation-The two Systems in presence-356. Horrors of

the old Prison-357. The redeeming Character of the Work-rooms-

358. Sights and Sounds of Industry-Necessity for having the Minor

Officers instructed in Handicrafts-359. Combinations among Work-
men to prevent Prison-labour-360. Causes and Remedy for this Evil
-Example of France after the late Revolution-361. Specimen of a
defective Law-362. Imprisonment for Life because unable to find
Bail-363. Wretched Results of the Discipline employed.

CHAPTER XXIV.

WAKEFIELD NEW GAOL.

364. A Foreigner's Opinion on English Prisons-365. Absurdities in our

recent Gaol Architecture-366. The Sword of Damocles-367. What

Re-commitments prove-Power to amend and to deter-368. Size and

Cost of the Prison-369. Absence of the Governor-370. The System

of Discipline in Force- Effects of Separation-371. Tendency to

Insanity unquestionable-372. Examples-373. Opinions of the Magis-

terial body.

CHAPTER XXV.

NOTTS COUNTY GAOL.

$74. A Prison of the old School-375. Romantic situation of the Gaol on
a ledge of Rock-Description of the Entrance-376. The Iron-room
--A Criminal Chamber in the Rock-377. Prison Discipline of the old
Times-The false Report-378. The Turnkey Teacher - 379. Model
Cells-Prison Offences-380. Philosophy of Punishments in Gaol-
Curious Christmas Custom-381. Excellent Feeding in Notts Gaol-
Cost of Prisoners' Maintenance.

CHAPTER XXVI.

NOTTINGHAM GAOL.

382. Consolidation of Prisons-Men easy to Manage in large Masses—

383. The Landed Aristocracy and the Citizens-384. The Tread-wheel

385. The Silent System-The Cells-Hanging for the County-386.

Intitials W. S. in the Prison-yard-Thereby hangs a Tale-387. Story

of William Saville-Awful C.rcumstances attending his Execution-

388. Evidence of an Actor in the Scene-390. Forty People killed-

Impression created in Nottingham by the Event-The last Hanging.