developed to realize the seven educational objectives. These are: (1) health, (2) command of fundamental processes needed as tools in the affairs of life, (3) worthy home membership, (4) vocational guidance and training, (5) citizenship, (6) worthy use of leisure time, and (7) ethical character. The high schools served 18,017 children in 1922. In 1858 the first high school started with 24 boys. In 1860 the school numbered 100, of whom 36 were girls.

Evening Schools. The Detroit evening schools, which give free instruction to wage-earners, are planned with care to satisfy the needs of adults. They offer them the chance to secure the practical information, knowledge, and skill required for business and industrial life. They give the most instruction in the least possible time. The subjects are of a practical, every-day sort. They deal with things that are used every-day, at home and at work.

The foreigner who expects to become a citizen is first given a chance to learn English and then to study civics and history. This assists him in becoming a citizen.

The evening high schools give academic training to those who wish to continue their education, but are unable to do so in the day time. In 1921-22 they had a membership of 23,936 adults. The first evening school, opened in 1875, offered only elementary subjects.

Teachers College. The Detroit Teachers College is the hub of the city's educational system, for it is possible to carry out the classroom program only if the teachers are carefully and scientifically trained along educational lines. The Teachers College not only trains teachers for service, but also those new to the city. In addition, more than half of the entire teaching staff, 2,800, attended the 1921-22 evening sessions for further knowledge and newer method. The November day-membership was 595. This college started as the Detroit Normal Training School in 1881, with a class of 30 girls.

Detroit Junior College.1 The Detroit Junior College allows Detroit boys and girls to obtain the first two years of a liberal

1Organized in four year liberal arts school in 1924.

arts college training under carefully selected instructors, without being detached from home influence. In November, 1921, it was caring for 1,081 students. It was organized in 1915 and legalized by legislative act in 1917.

College of Medicine and Surgery. The Detroit College of Medicine and Surgery is training a large proportion of the future Detroit doctors. Its location in a large city affords an unusually good opportunity of clinical facilities. There were 180 students registered in 1921-22.

Summary. The development of free public education activities since 1842 is shown graphically in the diagram on page 244.

In 1850 there existed only the primary and middle schools, not well graded, and teaching only the three Rs. By 1860 the nine-year union school and three-year high school had developed. After 1876 the union school became the eight-year elementary school, and a four-year high school capped the system. A year of normal training had been added by 1890. The kindergarten started in 1895. By 1910 a second year of normal training had

been added. In 1920, the elementary school had become a sixyear organization, with a three-year intermediate and a threeyear senior high school completing the first twelve-grade organization. There were also three institutes of collegiate rank, Teachers College, the Junior College, and the College of Medicine and Surgery.

It is a far stretch from the eight primary and middle schools operated in 1842 to the 1921-22 educational plant, affording educational opportunity from the kindergarten through the college. The present system is an excellent expression of the theory of the American public school system, offering equal and continuous opportunity to all, publicly supported, and administered directly for the people by representatives chosen directly for that purpose.