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Mr. IREDELL, continued-

Page.
usurped; Powers intended to be given, legal without new Authority, &c., 179
Paper Money not affected, 185. Relative Importance of the Northern and
Southern States, .

Replies to general Objections,
Exclusive Legislation; States will stipulate; Insult to Congress in 1783;
Powers enumerated, excluded from all others; Abuse of Power; Non-
Adoption out of the Union; State of the Union in 1776; anticipates the
Interest of the First Congress; Importance of framing the first Code of
Laws,.

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186

218

218, 223

Nine," sufficient to establish the Constitution; Disadvantages in not
joining the Union under the Constitution,..
His Resolution for Yeas and Nays,.

Religion; Tests; Persecutions; its Toleration in America; Sacrament in
Great Britain; Office open to all Religions; Guaranty explained; Presi-
dent must be a Native; Form of an Oath; governed by the Religion of
the Person taking it; Case of an East Indian, a Gentoo, in Charles II.'s
Time,

Moves for Ratification and subsequent Amendments,
Gov. JOHNSTON - Vice-President's Vote defended,

Representative accountable only to his Constituents,
Impeachment; Removal; Disqualification,

State Officers amenable to the Courts of Law,.......
Amendments; no Danger apprehended,

Powers; no Parallel between Congress and Parliament,
Taxation, in Kind,

Replies to Objections,

Treaties; Difference between Confederation and Constitution,

228

241

197

248

26

33

35

50

56

64

77

88

115

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Fallacy of the Opinion that the Pope, or a Foreigner, may be chosen
President; Religion,

198

Mr. WILLIE JONES-for putting the Question upon the Constitution im-
mediately,

4

Reasons for this Proposition,

7

Ratification; wished to be out of the Union,..

245

Though no Share in the new Appointments, common Interest with Virginia;
Jefferson, he stated, wished Ratification only to preserve the Union;
Office Expectants, their Bias, &c.,.....

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Against Adoption; moved the previous Question; refuses to withdraw his
Motion,
Mr. LANCASTER- his Apprehensions for Constitutional Amendments, 212.
Elections; President's conditional Negative; Two Thirds very rarely will
agree to a Law; Appeals; Armies; Religion; Papists or Mahometans
may occupy the Chair; Disqualification in the States; would oppose
Adoption,

-

Mr. LOCKE — Constitution grants unlimited Powers, 168. Necessity of Pine-
barren Acts; expedient to make Paper Money a legal Tender,.
Opposes the Adoption,.....

215

169

239

Mr. LENOIR-President's Treaty-making Power, a legislative Act,
Convention exceeded its Powers; Reasons for opposing,..

27

201

Impeachment not extended to Representatives,.

Mr. MACLAINE- Distinction between a Monarchy and Republic,..
"L We, the People," proper,

Constitution a Blank till adopted,.

Vice-President's casting Vote,..

Biennial Elections defended,.

Vice-President's Powers,.

Impeachment, not to reach petty Officers,.

Misdemeanors, by great State Officers, how redressed?
Parliamentary Power; Blackstone; Militia Power,.
Elections; Time, Manner, Place, &c.,

...

10

16

24

26

28

34

42

43

46

63

68

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States, their Interests connected; Trial by Jury,

151

Power in the People, not in the States; Distinction between Law and Fact;
Federal Jurisdiction limited,............

160

State and Federal Courts,.

164 to 172

Money Bills; Paper Money; Depreciation, though ultimately good,

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Taxes will be inconsiderable; Congress will have Credit abroad; Adoption

will bring out Specie,.....

188

Trade, its Resources; Loans,

189

Mr. M'DOWALL-Elections; Control over Taxation, opposed to its Surrender
to the general Government,.

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Mr. MILLER-Presidential Powers, a Defect in the Constitution,

Mr. PERSON-for previous Question,..

114

217

Mr. PORTER — Money Clause, whence does the Power originate?.
Treaty-making Power in the President and Senate,...

94

115

Treaties; House of Representatives ought to have a Vote in making them,.. 118

Mr. SHEPHERD-for full Discussion,....

217

Mr. SPAIGHT (a Member of the Federal Convention)-Taxes, whether paid to
State or Federal Government, no Difference,.

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Judiciary; Federal Convention unanimous in keeping separate the Federal
and State Governments,

139

Trial by Jury; in the Federal Convention, considerable Time taken to
investigate the Subject,

144

...

Convention, denies that it exceeded its Powers,.

206

Senate responsible to State Legislatures; Federal Constitution favorable to
Trial by Jury; Religion, no Power over it; an Infidel will never be chosen
for Office; Amendments; exclusive Legislation; Liberty of the Press;
Census; Requisitions done away,.....

Mr. SPENCER- Governors, Servants of the People,.
Objections to the new Form of Government,
Refractory States; Elections,

206, 210

Taxes, Interference between the States and the Federal Government;
Objections,

But in War by the general Government,

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Executive Power; standing Council of one Member from each of the
States, &c.,.

116

Treaties should have the Sanction of all the Senate; Aristocracy should be
guarded against,

131

Judiciary, Objections to the System,.

136

Preamble, "We, the People; " Oath, 153. Trial by Jury,

154

Contends for a Bill of Rights; Power, Jurisdiction, and Right, not given up,

remain in the States; objects to a Revision of Facts by Federal Court, and

concurrent Jurisdiction dangerous,.

Boundary of a Bill of Rights wanted,..

Religious Tests, Foundation of Persecution,.

......

Amendments, 227. For Union,..

200

239

Mr. STEELE-Elections; no Check in the old Confederation,.

Journal, its Publication,.

Taxation, in Favor of the Clause,

Page.

Mr. JOSEPH TAYLOR- Wording, "We, the People," an assumed Power,.. 23

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Mr. WILSON-wished Exclusion of Popish Priests from Office,....

212

BILL OF RIGHTS,

243

YEAS AND NAYS, at large, on Amendment, ...

250

CLOSING PROCEEDINGS-"neither to ratify nor reject the Constitution,"
adopted by a large Majority,..

SOUTH CAROLINA.

ROBERT BARNWELL- for a limited Discussion, 263. Defence of the Con-
stitution, 291. President's Responsibility; Treaties; Congressional Pay;
Paper Medium; Trial by Jury; Preferences; Importation of Negroes;
Carrying Trade; pleased with the Clause relative to Slaves,.....
PIERCE BUTLER (one of the Members of the Federal Convention) — Im-
peachment; Senate; Peace and War,........................

251

293

263

Mr. PATRICK CALHOUN - Religion; too great a Latitude allowed,. .... 312
PATRICK DOLLARD (in Convention) — his Constituents, to a Man, opposed
to the Constitution for Want of a Bill of Rights,

336

Com. GILLON - satisfied with the Doings of the Convention; in Favor of
American Bottoms,.

297

Hon. RALPH IZARD- Right of Kings to make Treaties,

268

265

273

Mr. RAWLINS LOWNDES-Senate and the old Confederation; Constitution
and Laws paramount; Presidential Powers,..
Treaties contrary to Law not valid; Eulogium on the Confederation, 271.
New Government an Experiment; no adequate Advantage; Slavery,.... 272
Importation of Negroes, 272. Evils apprehended from the Laws of Congress;
local Legislature; Fears for the Fate of the Southern States,....
Defence of the Confederation; Powers of the President; Representation;
Senators; Commercial Advantages enjoyed by the Eastern States; Taxes;
Congressional Pay; recommends another Convention,
Explains his Argument on Treaties; Checks; limiting the Importation of
Negroes an Evil; Navy to come from the East; Taxes; Expense of the
Government; Presidential Powers; the "Well-born;" preparatory Plan
for a Monarchy; Constitution ruinous to the Liberty of America,.
Mr. JAMES LINCOLN opposes the Constitution, as an aristocratic Govern-
ment; President may hold his Office for Life; Liberty of the Press
forgotten; Bill of Rights essential, .

287, 291

308

312

Col. MASON-thanks Mr. Lowndes for his Opposition to the Constitution,... 316
Mr. JOHN MATTHEWS-denies the Efficiency of the Confederation,
JUDGE PENDLETON- Impeachment,.....

Only three States sanctioned the Importation of Negroes,

CHARLES PINCKNEY (a Member of the Federal Convention) - Motives as
a Member of the Federal Convention; Condition of the Country at the
Close of the War; Defects of the Confederation, &c., 253. Necessity
of a Government to operate on the People; Compromise; rapid Glance
at different Parts of the System,..

President's Power; Responsibility,

Observations on the System (before the Convention May 12.) But one
Government in Europe that provides for civil Rights, 318. People
Servants; Rulers supreme; Ireland; the Netherlands; America taught
the Rights of Man, 319. Primogeniture, 320. Peopled classed; commercial
foreign Trade, Root of public Distress; mechanical; agricultural, 321.
Merchants; Mediocrity a leading Feature; Division into States; East-
ern, 322. Middle; Maryland and the Southern States; Outline of the
Legislation of Pennsylvania; Georgia; Maryland, 323. New York,
Massachusetts, 325. Foreign Governments; Evils of a Republic, 326

298

263

272

257

286

Constitution represents States as well as Governments; three principal
Forms of Government considered,....
CHARLES COTESWORTH PINCKNEY (a Member of the Federal Conven-
tion) Treaties, where to be lodged; President, the Power of proposing
Treaties,

Objections answered; Treaties not repugnant to Laws; Mode of voting in
Senate, &c.,..

Treaty of Peace, on its Promulgation; Recognizances discharged; Case of
Love for Murder,.

Explanations on Treaties; paramount under the Confederation, 277. Vattel
and Burlamaqui quoted; South Carolina interested in the Sacredness of
Treaties; properly lodged in the Senate and President,..
Abuse of Power; Impeachment; Things under the Confederation pictured;
The "three fifths," 280. Representation, 283. Sufferings of the Eastern
States in the Cause of Independence; Negroes necessary in Cultivation
for South Carolina; Compromise; Security against Emancipation; Fugi-
tives recoverable,

Independent before the Treaty of Peace; replies to Mr. Lowndes's Objec-
tions; Powers voted for the general Good; Elections; Representatives;
Senate; Presidential Elections; Foreign Influence to be guarded against;
commercial Preferences; Judiciary,.

Page.

327

263

266

270

278

284

.300 to 308

Replies to Mr. Lincoln's Objections; Policy of the Reeligibility of the
President; General Government, no Powers but what are expressly
granted; Reasons why a Bill of Rights was not inserted,....
(In Convention) - 10th Sec. Art. 1. On the Restrictive Clauses; Paper
Money; Credit with Foreigners,.

-

...

Mr. PRINGLE (Speaker) — Treaty-making belongs to the executive Depart-
ment; President and Senate do not possess legislative Power,.
DAVID RAMSAY- Treaties superior to local Laws,..
Continental Debt; old Confederation dissolved,..

Hon. JACOB READ
Instances,.

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Confederation; Congress; its Efficiency farcical;

Hon. JOHN RUTLEDGE (a Member of the Federal Convention) — Treaties
paramount; their Mode of Ratification in England, and Operation in
America, 267. Difficulties in '82 because nine States did not attend,..
Treaties, the paramount Law; Eulogium on the Constitution,.
Hon. EDWARD RUTLEDGE-Weakness of the Confederation; defends the
Constitution, 274. Taxes, in Favor of the South; $10 a head on Negroes
equivalent to 5 per cent. on Importations; all Free taxed; only two
fifths of the Slaves taxed,

315

333

268

270

286

286

268

311

... 277

Federal Convention did not exceed its Powers; Navigation; Exclusion from
West India Trade, &c.,...

Gen. SUMPTER (in Convention) moved an Adjournment, to give further
Time for Consideration; rejected, yeas, 89; nays, 135,
ALEXANDER TWEED (in Convention) — denies the Restrictions of his Con-
stituents; open to Conviction; Reform needed; Importance of the Con-
stitution,

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QUESTION - To assemble at Charleston the 12th of May; ayes, 76;
nays, 75,..

316, 317

RATIFICATION, (in Convention ;) yeas, 149; nays, 73,

CONGRESS of 1765. Note-List of Delegates and Extract from the Jour-
nal, 341. Extract from Ramsay on Ratification,

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ABOLITION. Right of Petition. H. R. January, 1836. — Cushing,
ALIEN AND SEDITION LAWS. June, 1798. — E. Livingston, Tazewell,
440. Report, 1799,

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594, 595

441

VIRGINIA RESOLUTIONS of 1798, pronouncing the Sedition Laws to be un-
constitutional, and defining the Rights of the States, drawn by Mr. Madison, 52%
VOL. IV.
B

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Commonwealth of Massachusetts, 533

KENTUCKY RESOLUTIONS of 1798
prepared by Mr. Jefferson.)......

and 1799. (The original

Page.

537

538

538

539

Draft
540 to 545

546 to 580

MADISON'S REPORT on the Virginia Resolutions,
ALIEN AND SEDITION LAWS. M. Lyon. Senate, March, 1811.- Smith,
of South Carolina,

AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION. H. R. August 13, 1789.
Gerry, Ames, Madison,....

AMENDMENT TO THE CONSTITUTION; Election of President, Senate,
January 23, 1800. — C. Pinckney, of S. C.,......

474

404

442

H. R. August, 1804. — Jackson, 452
Senate, March, 1826.- Dicker-

son, 494. (With Extracts from the Journal of the Federal Convention on
the Presidential Term.)

APPOINTMENT; Panama Mission. Senate, March, 1826. - Berrien,.. 480 to 483
APPROPRIATIONS OF MONEY, for Vessels of War. H. R. February 25,

1797. Gallatin, Nicholas,.

-

439

.... 617 to 620`
Vining, Madi-

ARMY, STANDING, Regulation of. H. R. January 5, 1800.- Randolph,.... 441
BANKS. Hamilton's Exposition to Congress, 1791. Extract,.
BANK, Establishment of. H. R. February 2, 1791. — Giles, 411.
son, 412. Ames, 414 to 417. Sedgwick, Madison, 417. Lawrence, Jack-
son, Boudinot, Stone, 418. Gerry,...
BANK OF THE UNITED STATES. Renewal of Charter. H. R.
April 13, 1810.- Love, Troup, Key, Alston, 456. Burwell, P. B. Porter,
Eppes, Crawford, 457. Clay,.

419 to 422

458

H. R. April 13, 1830. — M'Duffie, 524
(Note. Jackson's Message of December 7, 1830.)

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BANKS. Mr. Jefferson. Extract referred to by Mr. Madison,.
Note on Banks, from Jefferson's Memoirs, March 11, 1798,
Note on the Tariff, furnishing a Summary of the Argument of the South
Carolina Exposition. See page 580.

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BANKRUPT BILL. H. R. February 16, 1818.- Hopkinson, 470. Tyler,
Sergeant, Mills, 471. March 12, 1822. - Buchanan,.
BANKRUPT LAW. Senate, May 1, 1826. - Hayne, 490 to 493. Woodbury, 493
BANKRUPTCY. Senate, January, 1826. - Van Buren,
COLUMBIA, DISTRICT of, Case of J. P. Van Ness.

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To re-cede the District. H. R. February 9, 1803.- Bayard,
CONTRACTORS. March 23, 1806. - Eppes,.

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DEBT, DOMESTIC. H. R. February 22, 1790. — Smith, S. C. 405. Madison, 406
PUBLIC. Reduction of the Public Debt. H. R. November 20, 1792.
- Mercer, 429. Ames, 430. Madison,
DEBTS. Mr. Madison to Mr. Stevenson, 27th November, 1830, examining
the Origin and Progress of the Clause of the Constitution, "To pay the
DEBTS, AND provide for common Defence," &c., Extract...... 612 to 615
DIGEST OF DECISIONS in the Courts of the Union, involving Constitu-
tional Principles,

DUTIES. May 15, 1789.-White, Madison, Clymer, Carroll, 345. Wadsworth,
Ames, Fitzsimons, Hartley, Bland, Boudinot, 346. Sinnickson, Lawrence,
Smith, S. C.; Messages of Washington, Jefferson, Madison, Monroe; W.
H. Crawford's Report,

626

347

DUTIES OR LICENSES. H. R. December 31, 1800.- Bird,
DUELLING. Persons engaged in a Duel to be disqualified from holding Office.
H. R. December 31, 1803.- Davis,

442

451

EMBARGO, to suspend. H. R. April 19, 1808. — Quincy, 455. Key,........ 456

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