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Calimeris diplopappus, 3 feet.

* Centranthus ruber, red, 2 feet-June and July.

Cheiranthus Cheiri (Wallflower) (double and single), various, 1 to 2 feet-March to June.

Cheiranthus Marshallii, yellow,

foot-April to June.

* Cheiranthus alpinus, yellow, 1 foot—April to June.

Caltha palustris flore-pleno (Double Marsh Marigold), yellow, 1 foot-June and July.

Chelone barbata, scarlet, 24 feet-June to September.
Convallaria majalis, white, foot-April and May.
Corydalis lutea, yellow, 1 to 14 foot-May to July.

Chrysanthemum articum, white, foot-August and September. * Delphinium (Perennial Larkspur) (in varieties), various, 3 to 4 feet-June to August.

*

Dielytra spectabilis, rose and yellow, 24 feet-April to June. Dictamnus fraxinella, purple, 2 feet-June and July. *Dodecatheon Meadia (American Cowslip), purple and lilac, 1 foot-April to June.

* Dodecatheon elegans, purple and white, 1 foot-April to June. Dracocephalum alpinum, yellow, foot-April and May. Epimedium pinnatum elegans, yellow, 1 foot-March and April. Erigeron speciosum, blue, 2 feet-June and July.

*

Echinops Ritro, blue, 11⁄2 foot—June and July.

Eryngium alpinum, blue, 2 feet-July and August.

Eryngium amethystinum, blue, 2 feet-June and July.

* Fritillaria imperialis (Crown Imperial), various, 3 feet-March

and April.

* Fritillaria meleagris, various, 14 foot-March and April. Fritillaria præcox, white, 1 foot-April.

* Geum (Avens) coccineum, scarlet, 14 foot-June and July. Geum Chilense, scarlet, 2 feet-June and July.

* Galega (Goat's Rue) officinalis, blue, 24 feet—June and July.

* Gentiana asclepiadea, blue, 1 foot-July and August.

* Hesperis (Rocket)matronalis, purple and white, 2 ft.—June to Sept. Helleborus niger, pink, foot—January to March.

Hemerocallis flava, yellow, 2 feet-June.

Hedysarum obscurum, rosy purple,

foot-May and June.

* Iberis (Candytuft) sempervirens, white, foot-March to May.

* Iberis Gibraltarica, white, 1 foot-March to May.

* Iris amæna, blue, 2 feet-June.

* Iris Florentina, white, 2 feet-June.

* Iris flavescens, yellow, 3 feet-June.

* Iris Germanica (in variety), blue, 2 feet-May and June.
* Iris pallida, blue, 2 feet-May and June.

Iris pumila (in variety), purple, & foot-April and May.
Iris ochroleuca, purple, 3 feet-April and May.

Iris Jacquesiana, dark-coloured, 2 feet-April and May.
Iris subbiflora, violet, 2 feet-June.

* Iris variegata, striped, 2 feet-May and June.

Lilium colchicum, lemon, 4 feet-June and July.

* Lilium excelsum, cream, 4 feet-June and July.

* Lilium longiflorum, white, 2 feet-June and July.

* Lilium chalcedonicum, scarlet, 3 feet-June and July.

* Lathyrus (Everlasting Pea) roseus superbus, red, 2 feet―July

and August.

* Lathyrus grandiflorus, purple, 4 feet-June and July.

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*

Lathyrus latifolius, pink, 4 feet.

Lupinus polyphyllus, blue, 3 feet-June.

Lythrum roseum superbum.

Linum flavum, yellow, 1 foot-June.

Liatris scariosa, purple, 3 feet-September and October.'

Monarda didyma, red, 2 feet-June and July.

Monarda purpurea, reddish purple, 2 feet-June and July.

* Narcissus poeticus, white, 1 foot-March to May.

* Narcissus odorus, yellow, 1 foot-March to May.

* Narcissus major, and varieties, yellow, 14 foot-March to May. * Orobus (Bitter Vetch) vernus, purple, 1 foot-March to May. Orobus lathyroides, 2 feet.

Ornithogalum umbellatum (Star of Bethlehem), white, footApril.

Pyrethrum uliginosum, white, 3 feet-May and June.

* Pyrethrum roseum (single and double, in variety), various, 2 feet-June.

* Pæonia (in variety), various, 2 feet-June and July.

* Phlox (in variety), various, 2 to 4 feet-June to September. Papaver (Poppy) nudicaule, yellow, 1 foot-April to June. Papaver orientale, red, 2 feet-June and July.

* Potentilla (in variety), various, 1 to 2 feet--June and July. Pentstemon procerus, blue, 1 foot-June and July.

* Pentstemon gentianoides, various, 1 to 2 feet—June to August. Polygonium Sieboldii (in variety), white, 3 feet-June and July. Phlomis pungens, purple, 2 feet-June and July.

Physostegia Virginiana, red, 24 feet-June and July.

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Polemonium cæruleum (Greek Valerian), blue, 1 foot-June and July.

Ranunculus acris flore-pleno, yellow, 14 foot-June and July. * Statis latifolia, blue, 24 feet-June to August.

Spiræa filipendula flore-pleno, white, 14 foot-June to August.
Spiræa venusta, rose, 24 feet-July and August.
Spiræa japonica, white, 2 feet-July and August.
Stenactis aruncus, white, 3 to 4 feet-July and August.
Stenactis speciosa, purple, 2 feet-July to October.
Symphytum Caucasicum, blue, 14 foot-June and July.
Saponaria ocymoides, red, foot-June and July.
Stipa pennata (a grass), 1 foot-June and July.

Tritoma uvaria glaucescens, red and orange, 3 ft.—Aug. to Oct.
Tritoma grandis, red and orange, 5 feet-October to January.
Trollius Asiaticus, orange, 1 foot-May and June.

Trollius napellifolius, yellow, 14 foot-May and June.

Trollius Europæus, yellow, 14 foot-May and June.

Thermopsis fabacea, yellow, 2 feet-June and July.

Tradescantia virginica (Virginian Spiderwort), various, 2 feet—
May and June.

Veronica gentianoides, blue, 2 feet—May and June.
Veronica teucrium, light blue, 2 feet-June to August.
Veronica corymbosa, blue, 1 foot-June to August.
Veronica amethystina, blue, 2 feet-June to August.

This list might be considerably extended, and many other interesting plants added to it, but I have aimed at compiling such a selection as are most showy border flowers, and that thrive well in ordinary garden soils. Some of those that shall be treated of and recommended for spring beds, as well as the beautiful hardy bulbs recommended for the same purpose, are not included here.

Those marked * are most desirable for a small selection, and are very beautiful plants,-especially well worth the attention of amateurs who can devote a border to them and the lovely hardy spring bulbs, which, used together as has been described, keep up a long succession of bloom as a mixed border.

CHAPTER VII.

ROSES.

THERE are few who may be termed fortunate enough to be the possessor of a garden, however humble, who do not desire, and who should not be encouraged, to have a bed or beds of Roses as their space may allow. This 'Queen of Flowers' has a beauty and fragrance which is scarcely attained in any other family of plants. But notwithstanding these charming features, and although, taken as an individual flower, there are none other in the whole fraternity of bedding plants to excel or even to rival the Rose, we do not recommend their extensive introduction to the formal parterre or group of beds where solid colouring, to be effective alike when closely inspected or viewed from a distance, is the object in view. This is not said disparagingly of the lovely Rose; and probably, even for this purpose, with extra good management, it might, in its full flush of bloom, for a short time play a most prominent part. In many instances garden establishments of any note can and do afford to this grand flower a garden to themselves; and probably there is not another family of plants that so much deserves to be so specially set apart and treated.

Like most other flowering plants planted for effect, Roses are most effective in groups or beds of distinct colours. To grow a large collection or variety in this

way demands a good amount of space, unless the groups be very small; and this cannot in many cases be adopted. But a mixed border, or a bed or two, is within the reach of most owners of gardens; and when the mixed system becomes a necessity for want of space, it must surely be termed a charming necessity, and, attached to a garden, must form a pleasing variety. In accordance with the special object of this work, it is not intended to deal with the various phases of Rose culture. To treat briefly of their culture as a flower-garden plant suitable for beds, pillars, and walls, is all that is to be attempted. To all who wish to become more thoroughly acquainted with Rose culture and capabilities, I would strongly recommend the careful study of The Rose Garden, by Mr William Paul, who must be regarded as one of the most reliable of authorities; and this work of his seems to leave nothing about Roses unexplained, and expressed in the author's well-known clear style.

Propagation by Cuttings.-Generally speaking, Roses for beds are best on their own roots, more especially where the soil is light. But in heavy cold soils it is preferable to plant such as are budded on the very dwarfest briar stock. The Hybrid Perpetuals, Bourbons, Hybrid Bourbons, and China and Hybrid China Roses, which are the very best for beds, succeed in the majority of soils. The propagation of these sorts (except the China and Bourbons, which require glass) by cuttings, is nearly as easy as the propagation of the Gooseberry or Currant in the open border, without any protection whatever. This renders them peculiarly the Roses for amateurs, as well as all who wish to propagate their own Roses easily and speedily.

From the middle of September to the middle of

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