clayey soils contain potash, soda, and a few others. All these constitutents are found when vegetable produce is burned; but often they are to be found in such combinations in the soil as to be comparatively useless, and the question is how to get at these profitably. In burning clay, the potash is rendered soluble, as well as other fertilising constituents which plants require. On the other hand, burned clay has the power of absorbing ammonia in large quantities from the air and rains. The large portion of potash which is derived from burning with wood is also of no inconsiderable impor
In the case of small owners who find it very difficult in clayey districts to procure proper soil for flower-beds, as well as shrubbery borders, this is a process far too much neglected. And while a fruitless search is being made for loam of a proper texture, the clay itself may be passed through this fiery ordeal and mixed with vegetable refuse; and when to be used for Rhododendrons and other American peat-loving plants, a portion of sandstone may be added. For such plants as love coolness, but no standing water, this plan is especially to be recommended; for in winter the open body of soil allows rains to pass off into drains, and in summer the burned clay is a capital absorbent of moisture-so laying up a store of it against a time of drought. The finest beds of the large globe-flowering Pelargoniums, such as old Compactum and Shrubland superb, I ever saw, were grown in soil composed largely of burned clay.
Acæna, culture of, 186.
Acantholimon glaumaceum, 186.
Adonis vernalis, culture of, 214.
Æthionema, culture of, 186.
Agapanthus, culture of, 82.
Agathea, culture of, 82.
Ageratum, culture of, 83.
Ajuga, culture of, for spring, 212.
Alpine or rock-work plants, list of,
185; their culture, 188.
Alyssum, culture of, for spring, 213;
speciosum, 186; variegated, 92.
Amaranthus caudatus, culture of,
80; melancholicus ruber, culture
of, 81.
American cowslip, the, its culture,
229.
Anagallis, culture of, 79.
Androsace, culture of, 186.
Anemones, culture of, for spring,
214.
Annuals, hardy, 141; soil for them,
142; time, etc., for sowing, 143;
thinning, etc., 144; staking, 146;
select list of them, 147; half-
hardy, their culture, 148; select
list, 149.
Antennaria, culture of, 186.
Anthyllis montana, 186.
Banksian roses, 183.
Baskets, plants suitable for, 269.
Bedding or massing system of flower-
gardening, the, 5; objections urged
to it, 7.
Bedding-out plants, review of the
principal genera of, 16; recent im-
provements in them, 17; their pro-
pagation and general treatment,
26.
Beds and borders, preparation of, for
flowers, 114.
Beds and groups of beds, general re-
marks on planting, 280; arrange-
ments and planting of them, 286;
illustrations of this by various de-
signs, 289 et seq.; villa garden
group, 305; long borders, 312;
ribbon borders, 317; shaded beds,
322; pincushion beds, 323; pyra-
midal beds, 323; circular beds,
324; mixed borders, 326; borders
of foliage plants, 328; designs
for spring gardens, 330.
Beet, crimson, culture of, 84.
Bellis, culture of, for spring, 218;
perennis aucubafolia, 84.
Biennials, sowing of, 150; soil and
transplanting, 151; list of, 152.
Antirrhinums, culture and list of, Bog bean, the, 201.
Aponogeton distachyon, 201.
Aquatics or water plants, culture of,
200; list of, 201.
Arabis, culture of, 83; for spring,
216.
Arundo donax, culture of, 82.
Asters, culture of, 81.
Aubrietia, culture of, for spring,
218; grandiflora, 185.
Austrian or yellow roses, 181.
Ayrshire roses, 182.
Bothwell Castle, the mixed border
at, 327.
Bourbon roses, 176.
Boursault roses, 182.
Bulbs, hardy, for spring flowering,
211.
Bulbocodium, culture of, for spring,
219.
Burning clayey soils, the, 357.
Burr reed, the, 202.
Butomus umbellatus, 201.
Backhouse, Messrs., on the culture Calceolarias, recent improvements
in, 19; shrubby, their autumn
propagation, 62; spring manage-
ment, 65; soil suitable and list of
them, 67.
Calandrinia umbellata, 186.
Calla palustris, 201.
Caltha palustris, 201.
Campanula carpatica, 86; pulla, 186.
Candytuft, culture of, for spring,
237.
Cannas, cultivation, etc., of, 120.
Cardamine, its culture for spring,
220.
Centaurea Ragusina, propagation and
culture of, 67 et seq.; its culture
for spring, 226.
Cerastium, culture of, 85; its culture
for spring, 220.
Cheiranthus, culture of, 86; its cul-
ture for spring, 221.
Chinese roses, 177.
Christmas rose, culture of, 235.
Chrysanthemum Sensation, 87.
Cineraria maritima, 84.
Clayey soil, the improvement of, by
burning, 357.
Cold pits, etc., wintering tender
plants in, 108.
Coleus Verschafeltii, 87.
Colours, their arrangement, 272; ac-
cording to law of contrast, 273;
diagram of, 274; table of contrast-
ing, 276; arrangement according
to law of harmony, 277.
Corydalis, its culture for spring, 224.
Crocuses, culture of, 224.
Crown Imperial, its culture for
spring, 231.
Cyclamens, culture of, 227.
Dactylis, culture of, 88; its culture
for spring, 228.
Dahlias, recent improvements in, 19;
culture of, 76; list of dwarf, 79.
Daisy, its culture for spring, 218.
Dianthus alpinus, etc., 186; barba-
tus, culture of, 100.
Dielytra, culture of, for spring,
228.
Dodecatheon, culture of, 229.
Dog Rose, the, as a stock for roses,
167.
Dog's-tooth violet, its culture, 230.
Eranthis, culture of, 229.
Erinus alpinus, 187.
Erythronium, spring culture of, 230.
Euonymus, culture of, 231.
Evergreen roses, 183.
Fernery, the hardy, 193; list of
species, etc., for it, 194 et seq.
Ferns, list of, for single specimens,
etc., 128; list of hardy, 130.
Florists' flowers, former importance
of, 4.
Flower-gardening, advantages and
pleasures of, 1 et seq.; improve-
ments in it, 3; the mixed and the
bedding systems, 5 et seq.; sug-
gestions for improvement, 11 et
seq.; Mr. Knight's account of the
French system of, 130.
Foliage plants, borders of, 328.
France, the employment of fine-
foliaged plants in, 130.
Fritillaries, culture of, 231.
Fuchsias, culture of, 88.
Galanthus, culture of, 231.
Gaultheria procumbens, 187.
Gazania, culture of, 89.
Gentiana, culture of, 233; verna,
Lithospermum fruticosum, 187.
Lobelias, recent improvements in,
20.
Lobelia erinus Paxtonii, 92; herba-
ceous species of, 93; erinus spe-
ciosa, culture of, 71.
Long borders, designs for planting,
312 et seq.
Love-lies-bleeding, its culture, 80.
Lythrum roseum superbum, 202.
Marietti stock for roses, the, 168.
Manure, application of, to flower-
beds, 116.
Massing system of flower-gardening,
the, 5.
Mayfield, cultivation of fine foliage
plants at, 125, 329.
Mazus pumilus, 187.
Mixed borders, how to plant, 326.
Mixed system of flower-gardening,
the, 5; characteristics of it, 9.
Moss roses and hybrids, 180.
Moutan pæonies-see Pæonies.
Muscari, culture of, 238.
Myosotis, culture of, for spring,
239; rupicola, 187.
Narcissus, culture of, 239.
Nemophila insignis, 93.
Nepeta teucrifolia, 94.
Nierembergia gracilis, 94.
Noisette roses, 179.
Nuphar, culture of, 202.
Omphalodes, culture of, 240.
Orontium aquaticum, 202.
Oxalis corniculata rubra, 95.
Pæonies, herbaceous, culture and
list of, 197; tree or Moutan, 198
et seq.
Pansies, cultivation of, 106; their
culture for spring, 250.
Paul, Mr., his directions for budding
roses, 168; and on pruning, 171,
174.
Pelargoniums, recent improvements,
in, 17; how to winter in spare
room, 46; lifting and wintering
old plants, 49; ivy-leaved, list of,
37; plain-leaved Zonale, their au-
tumn propagation and winter
management, 26; late autumn
propagation, 30; spring treat-
ment, 31; spring propagation,
33; soil suitable for beds, 35;
list of them, 36; sweet-scented
leaved, list of, 38; variegated,
their autumn propagation and win-
ter treatment, 38; spring treat-
ment, 41; spring propagation, 42;
soil suitable for them, 44; list of
them, 45.
Pentstemons, culture and list of, 97.
Perennials, hardy, for spring culture,
211.
Perilla Nankinensis, culture of, 99.
Petunias, culture and list of, 96.
Phloxes for rock-work, 187; herba-
ceous, culture and list of, 98; cul-
ture of, for spring, 242.
Phlox Drummondii, 97.
Pincushion beds, how to plant, 323.
Plants, management of, before plant-
ing out, 111; fine-foliaged, list of,
for planting out, 118; directions
for their cultivation, 120; as em-
ployed in France, 130.
Planting out, how to perform, 344.
Polemonium cæruleum variegatum,
culture of, 72.
Pontederia cordata, 202.
Potamogeton fluitans, 202.
Primulas for rock-work, 187.
Primroses, culture of, for spring,
240.
Promiscuous system of flower-gar-
dening-see Mixed.
Provence or cabbage roses, 180.
Pyramidal beds, how to plant, 323.
Pyrethrums, culture and list of, 96.
Ranunculuses, culture of, 242.
Rhododendrons, early flowering,
256; medium flowering, 256; late
flowering, 257; their culture, 257
et seq.
Ribbon borders, designs for planting,
317.
Ricinuses, culture of, 120.
Rock-work or alpine plants-see
Alpine.
Roses, recent improvements in, 21;
beauty and variety of, 163; plant-
ing in beds, 164; propagation by
cuttings, 164; and by budding,
167; soil for them, 170; pruning,
171, 174; Hybrid Perpetuals, 173;
training Pillar, 174; Bourbons,
176; Chinese, 177; Tea-scented,
178; Noisette, 179; Provence or
Cabbage, 180; Moss, 180; Aus-
trian, 181; Boursault and Ayr-
shire, 182; Evergreen and Bank-
sian, 183.
Shrubs, hardy spring flowering, list
of, 255, 263; spring flowering ever-
green and sub-evergreen, 265;
berry bearing, 265; variegated
foliaged, 266; climbers for cover-
ing walls, 266 et seq.
Silene acaulis, 188.
Snowdrops, culture of, 232.
Soil for flower-beds, on, 115.
Soldanellas for rock-work, 188.
Sorely, Mr., cultivation of fine-
foliaged plants by, 125.
Spring flowers, culture of, 203; re-
action in their favour, 204; their
ease of culture, 206; their beauty,
207; annuals, 208; list of these,
211; hardy perennials and bulbs,
211; lists of these and their cul-
ture, 312 et seq.
Stachys lanata, 102.
tocks, recent improvements in, 20
Intermediates, culture of, 102;
culture of, for spring, 245.
Sub-tropical plants, suggestions as
to introduction of, into the flower-
garden, 12 et seq.; extensive em-
ployment of, in France, 130.
Sweet William, culture of, 100.
Tea-scented roses, 178.
Tender plants, wintering of, in cold
pits, etc., 108.
Transplanter, M'Glashan's, 349.
Tree ferns, beauty, etc., of, 129.
Trenching, value of, to flower-beds,
116.
Triteleja, culture of, 250.
Tritomas, value of, 23; culture of,
103.
Tropæolums, recent improvements
in, 21; culture and list of, 104.
Tulips, single, 247; double, 248;
their culture, 248.
Tussilago, culture of, 104.
Variegated foliaged plants, improve-
ments in, 22.
Vases, plants suitable for, 269.
Verbenas, recent improvements in,
18; their autumn propagation and
winter treatment, 52; spring pro-
pagation, 55; soil suitable for
them, 61; list of them, 62.
Verbena venosa, culture of, 70.
Veronicas, culture of, 105.
Villa garden group of beds, designs
for planting, 305.
Villarsia nymphoides, 202.
Vinca, culture of, 250.
Violas, recent improvements in, 23.
Viola cornuta, its culture, 106, 253;
lutea, 106; tricolor, culture of,
106, 250.
Violets, sweet-scented, culture of,
254.
Walls, shrubs, etc., suitable for
covering, 266, 268.
Wallflowers, culture of, 86; culture
of, for spring, 221.
Water plants-see Aquatics.
Tagetes signata pumila, culture of, Watering, application of, 351.
Winter Aconite, culture of, 221.
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