flowers lose the stripe entirely. Triomphe de Montmorency, is an inconstant Perpetual, with bright red flowers, highly fragrant, full double and of fine cupped form.

As the culture of this class of roses is at present but imperfectly understood, I shall give the result of my experience as to their cultivation, with suggestions to be acted upon according to circumstances. One peculiar feature they nearly all possess a reluctance to root when layered; consequently, Perpetual Roses, on their own roots, will always be scarce: when procurable, they will be found to succeed much better on dry poor soils than the budded plants, which require a rich soil. Perpetual Roses, as a general rule however, require a superabundant quantity of food: it is therefore perfectly ridiculous to plant them on arid lawns, and to suffer the grass to grow close up to their stems, without giving them a particle of manure for years. Under these circumstances, the best varieties, even the Rose du Roi, will scarcely ever give a second series of flowers. To remedy the inimical nature of arid soils to this class of roses, an annual application of manure on the surface of the earth is quite necessary. The ground must not be dug, but lightly pricked over with a fork in November; after which, some manure must be laid on, about two or three inches in depth, which ought not to be disturbed, except to clean with the hoe and rake, until the following autumn. This, in some situations, in the spring months, will be unsightly: in such cases, cover it with some neat green moss, as directed in the culture of Hybrid China Roses. I have said that this treatment is applicable to dry poor soils; but even in good rose soils it is almost indispensable; as it imparts such increased vigor, and such a prolongation of the flowering season, as to amply repay the labor bestowed. If the soil is prepared as directed, the plants will twice in the year require pruning in November, when the beds are dressed, and again a short time before the first flowering in June. At

the November pruning, cut off from every shoot of the preceding summer's growth about two-thirds; if the shoots are crowded, remove some of them entirely. If this autumnal pruning is attended to, there will be at the end of May, or early in June, the following summer, a vast number of luxuriant shoots, each crowned with a cluster of buds. Now, as June roses are always abundant a little sacrifice must be made to insure a fine autumnal bloom; therefore, leave only half the number of shoots to bring forth their summer flowers, and shorten the remainder to about half their length. Each shortened branch will soon put forth buds; and in August and September the plants will again be covered with flowers. In cultivating Perpetual Roses, the faded flowers ought immediately to be removed; for in autumn the petals do not fall off readily, but lose their colour and remain on the plant, to the injury of the forthcoming buds. Though I have recommended Perpetual Roses to be grown on their own roots in dry soils, yet, on account of the autumnal rains dashing the dirt upon their flowers when close to the ground, grafted roses ought to be preferred, wherever it is possible to make them succeed, for on stems one and a half to two feet in height, the flowers will not be soiled; they are also brought nearer to the eye, and the plant forms a neat and pretty object.

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The Crimson, and, indeed, nearly all the Perpetuals, force admirably for this purpose it is better to graft or bud them on the Dog-Rose, as it is so easily excited. It requires, also, but small pot-room; as, previous to potting, its roots may be pruned to within two inches of the stem,. and apparently with advantage; for, if placed in gentle heat, an abundance of fibres are immediately put forth, and the whole plant will soon have an appearance of great vigor. Those who wish for the luxury of forced roses, at a trifling cost, may have them by pursuing the following

simple method:-Take a common garden frame, large or small, according to the number of roses wanted; raise it on some posts, so that the bottom edge will be about three feet from the ground at the back of the frame, and two feet in front, sloping to the south. If it is two feet deep, this will give a depth of five feet under the lights, at the back of the frame, which will admit roses on little stems as well as dwarfs. Grafted plants of any of the Perpetual Roses should be potted in October, in a rich compost of equal portions of rotten dung and loam, in pots about eight inches deep, and seven inches over, and plunged in the soil at bottom. The air in the frame may be heated by linings of hot dung; but care must be taken that the dung is turned over two or three times before it is used, otherwise the rank and noxious steam will kill the young and tender shoots; the hazard of this may be avoided by building a wall of turf, three inches thick, from the ground to the bottom edge of the frame. This will admit the heat through it, and exclude the steam, The Perpetual Roses, thus made to bloom early, are really beautiful. They may also be forced in any description of forcing-house with success, by plunging the pots in old tan, or any substance that will keep their roots cool. It will at once give an idea how desirable these roses are, when it is stated that, by retarding and forcing, they may be made to bloom for eight months in the year.

Perpetual Roses do not bear seed very freely, but Louis Philippe may be planted with the common Bourbon, as may the Rosa Pæstana, which both bear seed abundantly, and these would probably give some fine high-colored varieties. Grande et Belle, trained to a south wall, with Gloire de Rosamène, and Lodoiska with the Common Bourbon Rose, would possibly be the parents of some large flowering and splendid varieties. In endeavoring to obtain

Mossy Crimson Perpetuals, of which but one variety has yet been produced, it would be well to plant Louis Philippe with the Single Crimson Moss. To the culture of roses, and many other horticultural operations, the motto, although hacknied, may be appropriately applied, "Nil desperandum."

HYBRID PERPETUAL ROSES.

THIS class has now become so rich in beautiful roses, that a separate notice must be devoted to them. At page 55, is given the origin of Hybrid China Roses, which it is well known bloom but once in a season. Some of these hybrids or mules, unlike many plants of the same description, bear seed freely. These fertile varieties have been crossed with different varieties of Chinese and Bourbons. From, seed thus produced we have gained a new race of autumnal roses, bearing abundance of flowers during the whole of the summer and autumn, and now called Hybrid Perpetuals. Certainly a more beautiful and interesting class of roses does not exist; their flowers are large, very double, most fragrant, and produced till the end of autumn. Their habit is robust and vigorous in a remarkable degree, and, above all, they are perfectly hardy, and will grow well in any climate however far north; but caution will be required in selecting varieties for cold and damp localities, as those only that open freely should be planted. Some few are fine roses in a dry warm climate, and also when forced; but in a moist climate, like that of England, will seldom or never open their flowers. I will mention such as may be chosen without the least fear of disappointment. And first, I must name the queen of this family, Madame Laffay; this, like the Crimson Perpetual, in its

class, is at present unrivalled; words cannot give the effect of this rose, which with its fine large foliage and rosy crimson flowers, is perfectly beautiful, highly fragrant, and ought to be in every garden. We have a fine contrast in color in the Dutchess of Sutherland, which is a rose of equally luxuriant habits and fine foliage, with flowers of the most perfect shape, and of a delicate roseate hue. One defect attaches to this rose, which ought not to be concealed-it will not give autumnal flowers constantly in a moist climate, or during a wet period. Aricie is a large globular rose, of a beautiful roseate hue, and much admired. Arielle is a splendid new variety, of small size, full double, and of a rosy lilac hue. Augustine Mouchelet is of very vigorous growth; the flower large, very full, and dark crimson. Aubernon is a beautiful brilliant crimson rose, opening freely, and blooming abundantly during the summer and autumn. Of the same prolific habit is Rivers, so named by Laffay, who frequently" dedicates" roses to his friends. This is a rose of first rate quality; flowers red, something like Brennus, very large, and produced in clusters of great beauty, flowering profusely all the autumn. Baronne Prevost is a rose colored flower, full double, and of very large size. Clementine Seringe is an exceedingly large flower, rosy blush, globular form, with the peculiar odor of the Provence rose; it is an invaluable rose for forcing. Comte de Paris is a globular flower, of light crimson hue tinged with lilac, and blooms profusely. Comtesse Tanneguy Duchatel is a most splendid rose, of large size, globular form, and of a brilliant rosy carmine hue; it is yet very rare, and eagerly sought for at a high price. Coquette de Bellevue, (of Laffay,) is a new variety of vigorous growth, with small splendid flowers of a brilliant rose color, spotted with white. De Neuilly is a variety of great excellence, having all the peculiar beauty