and several volleys of musketry; our hussars penetrated nevertheless as far as the enemy's park, placed in the middle of the camp, and intrenched by ditches (fosses). In face of this unexpected obstacle, and already sensibly shaken by the cross-fire of the enemy, our hussars, as well as the Cossacks, were obliged to retire. At the same moment the hussars of the Duke of Leuchtenberg and the Cossacks of the Oural, encountered by the charge of the English dragoons and the grape of a battery of horse-artillery under Scarlett, were also obliged to fall back. But when Scarlett endeavored to follow up his advantage, he fell under a cross fire, and was obliged to fall back in his turn."

fire of our artillery, was thrown into a complete rout. The field of battle was encumbered with the bodies of men and horses. The defeat of the Cardigan brigade made such an impression on the enemy, that the brigade of Scarlett, which had advanced in support, suddenly suspended its movement and turned back."

"If on that day," adds Todleben, "the corps of General Liprandi had been reënforced, Balaclava might have fallen into our hands." As it was, the capture of the redoubts, and the destruction of a large part of the English cavalry, produced the most favorable impression on the tired, harassed, and decimated garrison of Sebastopol. The catastrophe of the Alma was forgotten; an unlimited confidence in the superiori"ty of the Russian troops grew up anew, and their morale rose to the highest degree of energy. This newly-awakened spirit was directed to maintain a superiority of fire in the artillery contest which was continued without cessation on either side, and a dashing sally was hazarded.

When Lord Cardigan was leading his devoted band to what seemed to look ers - on an assured disaster, a French general exclaimed: "C'est beau, c'est superbe; mais ce n'est pas la guerre. Todleben, who adopts the staff officer's version of the attendant and preliminary circumstances of the order, confirms the view taken by the Frenchman:

But still the Allies gained ground. The state of things on the 4th November, the eve of Inkermann, is thus described:

"We have related, with the greatest exact

"Hardly had our cavalry succeeded in forming, when the English cavalry came out from behind the height that had hitherto prevented us from seeing it. Immediately, and without allowing itself to be checked by the well-directed fire of eight guns of the light battery No. 7, and General Jabokitsky's artillery, by that of the riflemen of the chasseurs of Odessa, and a company of the fourthness, the operations of the defence, such as battalion of light infantry, Cardigan dashed upon the battery of the Cossacks of the Don, who had taken up an advanced position, sabred the gunners, then charged our cavalry, overthrew it, and went further still beyond the line of redoubts in pursuit of our cavalry, which retired towards Tchorgoune.

"But this brilliant charge brings no decisive advantage to the issue of the combat, and cost the English dear. Whilst their cavalry

seen from the details into which we have en

they occurred to this day; and it has been tered, that it was impossible for the Russians tempted to carry the town by assault, despite to expect a fortunate result, if the enemy atof the heroic efforts of its defenders. By dint of the works which the Allies had pushNo. 4,* their trenches had been advanced to ed with so much energy against the Bastion within sixty-five sajénes (about one hundred and fifty yards) of the saillant of this bastion, rushed against the battery, the Cossacks aswhich underwent daily terrible damage from sailed their rear, and were nevertheless overthrown by a squadron of the Eighth Hussars and although the damage was immediately the concentrated fire of the siege batteries; (English), which had been left in reserve. But repaired under the enemy's fire, and the disat the same time three squadrons of the com-abled guns were replaced on the instant— bined regiment of lancers were posted up in such a manner as to take the enemy in flank. However, the English cavalry, carried away by the elation of its first success, was hotly pursuing our cavalry, but at the moment when it least expected to be attacked, the three squadrons of lancers threw themselves on its left flank. This manoeuvre had a decisive success. The English cavalry, stopped in its pursuit, was crushed. Unexpectedly attacked in flank, and finding itself, at the same time under the cross-fire of artillery and musketry, it broke its ranks, turned bridle, and, pursued by our lancers and the

in the ranks of the garrison were speedily although the gaps made by wounds or death filled up by new combatants, it must be acknowledged that the forces of the defence in the Bastion No. 4 were approaching their last agony.

"Remark also that, at this very time, France, England, and Turkey were assembling new troops to be transported to the These, through the instrumentality of the powerful steam fleet at the disposition of the Allies, could be conveyed

theatre of war.

*The Flagstaff Battery, or Bastion du Mát.

to the Crimea before the Russian reenforce-ering force at any point. Nor was the ments, which, at the advanced season, would surprise so complete as might have been have to arrive by almost impassable roads. anticipated, for by the time they had Such a state of things necessarily provoked emerged from the ravine in force, the the Russian army to attempt some decisive action, and the moment seemed by so much English were on the alert and ready for the better chosen for an enterprise of this them. kind, that in the second half of the month of October the effective of our troops in the Crimea had been considerably augmented by the recent arrival of the Fourth corps of infantry."

The broad impression left by this history is, that all the troops fought with the most desperate gallantry, but that they were hurried into action as they came up, and that there was small display of generalship on either side. Evans's division, under Pennefather,* was the first which encountered Soimonow:

"The troops of the right column, under General Soimonow, supported by their batteries, briskly attacked Evans's division, and drove in the English skirmishers. This attack had to surmount the greatest difficulties, as much from the nature of the ground as on account of the losses which the excellent arms of the English inflicted on our troops. But neither the difficulties of the ground, nor the fire of the enemy, could arrest the Tenth division. The battalions of the Tomsk and

After the arrival of these troops, the effective army under the orders of Menschikow at Sebastopol, and in the immediate neighborhood, is computed at one hundred thousand, exclusive of the crews of the fleet; the effective force of the allied armies-French, English, and Turk, at rather less than eighty thousand. Although the English position on the heights was naturally strong, the number of troops occupying it was relatively small, and this consequently was fixed upon as the most vulnerable point. General Soimonow, with eight- Kolivansk regiments, supported by the seceen thousand nine hundred and twenty-ond and fourth battalions of the regiment of nine men and thirty-eight guns, was to start at six in the morning for the ravine of Carenage, and to be joined by General Pavlow, with fifteen thousand eight hundred and six men and ninetysix guns, passing over the bridge of Inkermann. On their junction they were to be under the command of General de Dannenberg. Prince Gortschakow, with twenty-two thousand four hundred and forty-four men and eighty-eight guns, was to support the attack, and endeavor to effect a diversion. The garrison was to be on the alert, and ready to act according to circumstances. The declared object of the enterprise was to drive back the right wing of the besiegers, and take firm possession of the ground occupied by them between the town and the shore.

Ekaterinebourg, having reached the English position, attacked Pennefather's brigade. Two battalions of the regiment of Tomsk, and two of the regiment of Kolivansk, overthrew the English, got possession of the small intrenchment No. 2, before the camp of the Second division, spiked two guns in it, and broke the carriages. At the same time the regiments of Taroutino and Borodino, which formed part of General Pavlow's left column, also exchanged fire with the enemy.

"The two other battalions of the regiment of Taroutine were received by a sustained and well- aimed fire from Adams's skirmishers. Regardless of this fire and of the stiffness of the ascent, these battalions, clinging to the rocks and bushes, scaled in a quarter of an hour the right cliff of the ravine of Carrieres, although it was very slippery and broken by the rain. Arrived at the top of the plateau, these battalions formed in columns of companies, and, supported by the fire of the artillery of Soimonow's column, attacked the right wing of Adams's brigade, while the two other battalions of the same regiment, and the regiment of Borodino, hastened to come and rejoin the two first battalions of Taroutino. The violent shock given to Adams's brigade by the chasseurs of the Seventeenth division made this brigade give ground. Immediately afterwards the two battalions of Taroutino attacked the Battery No. 1. The

Before the troops started, Dannenberg took upon himself to give fresh orders, varying those of Menschikow; and Soimonow, after vainly endeavoring to reconcile them, proceeded on a plan of his own, which carried him to a different side of the ravine from that originally intended, and prevented the meditated junction with Pavlow. Partly for this reason, and partly from the confined na* Sir de Lacy-Evans was absent from illness ture of the ground, the Russians never at the commencement of the action, but immesucceeded in concentrating an overpow-diately hurried to the field.

English allowed our chasseurs to approach within a short distance, and received them by a salvo of artillery. But the terrible losses inflicted on our chasseurs by this deadly fire did not succeed in driving them back. Closing their ranks, they rushed on this battery and got possession of it; but Adams immediately advanced and drove back our chasseurs. It was then that the regiments of Borodino and Taroutino, having a little reformed their ranks, threw themselves again on the remains of Adams's brigade, already weakened by the combat, and drove it back, principally on its right wing, which was concentrated near the battery. Our battalions were already prepared to continue the attack, but they were suddenly arrested by the fresh troops of Bentinck's brigade, which managed to arrive upon the field of battle with six guns. Whilst this was doing, the destiny of battles had also decided the fate of the battalions of the Tenth division, which gave the brigades of Butler and Pennefather the possibility of uniting with the brigade of Adams, to crush the regiment of Borodino."

By eight o'clock the Russian advance had been checked; a part of the attacking force had been compelled to retire into the valley of Inkermann, and the hand-to-hand infantry conflict had given place to a sharp cannonade; thirty-eight Russian guns replying to thirty English. The English artillery plied the Russians with Shrapnell shells; but the greatest loss sustained by them was from the rifle balls. "Many foreign works," says Todleben, "attribute to us a great numerical superiority; but this was far from being what it was supposed." The English engaged in what he calls the first phase of the battle are computed by him at 11,585; the Russians at 15,141; a superiority which he conceives to have been more than compensated by the naturally strong position, the fieldworks, and the rifles of the English.

The second phase began soon after eight by the advance of Pavlow's column, headed by the regiment D'Okhotsk, which, after a desperate struggle, succeeded in capturing a half-finished redoubt defended by the Coldstream. "Nine guns were the prize of this brilliant exploit; three were immediately conveyed into the ravine, and the others spiked. Of the 600 Coldstream Guards who defended the battery, 200 had been put hors de combat." Reënforced by the rest of the Guards, the Coldstream advanced to retake the redoubt: NEW SERIES-VOL. I., No. 1.

"Their attack was so impetuous that the soldiers of Okhotsk, who occupied the battery, could not maintain themselves in it. But at the same moment our reënforcements also took part in the struggle. General Dannenberg moved up the regiment of Jakoutsk and Selenghinsk. The first of these supported the soldiers of Okhotsk, who had been obliged to retire, and rushed resolutely on the enemy. A part of these troops entered the battery, and definitively drove the English Guards, already disorganized, out of it; the other part of the same regiment, encountering the brigade of Goldie, overthrew it by a bayonet charge. It is thus that the regiment of Jakoutsk, after having pursued and consolidated the success of the attack of the regiment of Okhotsk, was able to take firm ground also on the right flank of the English position, having in front the brigade of Buller and that of Goldie, of which it had given a good account in a single charge."

The brigade of Torrens, led by Cathcart, was placed in a very critical situation, from which it extricated itself by a desperate charge; and although two siege guns, 18-pounders, opportunely ordered up by Lord Raglan, played with marked effect, the English, who had no more reserves to bring up, must have given way from sheer exhaustion, if their commander had not consented to accept the proffered assistance of the French-the Deus ex machinâ who (according to this history) is invariably at hand at the turning-point. The first reenforcements sent by them were received by so violent a fire that they broke and fell back precipitately. They were rallied, and returned to the charge. But the ardor of the Russians was now at its height. They were carrying all before them. A few efforts more, and the victory was theirs. But their fatigue as well as their ardor was at its acme:

"It was a decisive moment for both armies.

After having surmounted enormous difficulties, and triumphed over the tenacity of the ments, exhausted their energy in a last effort; enemy, the Russians, receiving no reënforceand the English, extenuated with fatigue, and deprived of the greater part of their generals and officers, felt that it was impossible for them to hold out any longer. The French themselves, arrived the latest on the field, anxiously expected the reënforcements which which they could not continue to hold their had been announced to them, and without ground. A little after ten these reenforcements, so impatiently expected by the French, joined them. On the steps of General Bos

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