CHAPTER XXXVI.

REGENCY OF ARRAN.

(Continued.)

Ecclesiastical affairs-Influence of the English inquiry into the

monastic establishments-Account of George Wishart-He and

Knox in Scotland-Seizure of Wishart-Trial and condemna-

tion-Burning-The plots against the cardinal's life-Who

concerned in the plots?-Seizure of the castle of St Andrews-

Death of the cardinal-Holding of the castle-The siege—The

French auxiliaries-The capture-Disposal of the prisoners-

Knox and his companions in the galleys - Death of Henry

VIII.-The Protector marches an army to Scotland-Battle of

Pinkie-Its effect-A success on the Border-Perilous position

of the country-Arrangements with France-Removal of the

queen-French auxiliaries—The recovery of the strong places

-Peace-Mary of Lorraine becomes regent,

249-284

CHAPTER XXXVII.

THE REFORMATION.

Government of Mary of Lorraine-Her inability to understand

the constitution of Scotland-French practices - Frenchmen

promoted to high offices-Attempt to put the fortresses in their

hands-Proposal of a standing army, and its reception-Queen

Mary's marriage to the Dauphin-His accession to the crown

of France-The country alarmed by projects of annexation to

the crown of France-Rise of suspicion and dislike of France

and the French alliance-The alien character of the Church in

Scotland-How far the doctrines of the Reformers were spread-

ing-More burnings-The secrecy of the ecclesiastical proced-

ure against heretics - The reasons for the secrecy-Secular

causes of enmity to the Church-Wealth and luxuriousness of

the churchmen-Their moral condition-Their temporal power

as administrators of the law-Demoralising influence of their

authority in marriage and succession-The power of excom-

munication or cursing-Its use for levying debts and for acts

of personal oppression-Specimen of a cursing-The Church

conscious of its own defects-Internal efforts at reformation-

Reforming councils - Literature of the Church - Miracles-

New literature-Archbishop Hamilton's Catechism-The Two-

penny Faith,

285-336

-

CHAPTER XXXVIII.

THE REFORMATION.

(Continued.)

Political position of the Reformation question in European

politics-Arrival of Knox-Characteristics of his nature and

influence His coadjutors and their motives - Maitland of

Lethington-The First Band or Covenant-The Lords of the

Congregation embodied-Pressure on the queen-regent-Her

duplicity-The first outbreak-Attacks on the symbols of

Popish worship and the buildings of the religious orders-Con-

sideration how far the ruined condition of old ecclesiastical

buildings in Scotland is due to the Reformers-The Congrega-

tion at Perth-Dealings with the regent - Occupation of

Edinburgh Condition and dangers of England Queen

Elizabeth-Knox and the "blast" against female rule-Cecil

and Knox in treaty-Difficulty of finding a legitimate head to

treat with in Scotland-Treaty of Berwick-War-Siege of

Leith-Death of the regent-Departure of the French, and

treaty of Edinburgh-Reformation statutes,

---

337-384

CHAPTER XXXIX.

CONDITION OF THE NATION FROM THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE

TO THE REFORMATION.

The constitution of Scotland-The power of the Estates of Parlia-

ment-Their exercise of the executive-Lords of the Articles-

The Estates as a final court of law - Lords Auditors - Daily

council-Establishment of the Court of Session on the model

of the Parliament of Paris-Influence of this imitation-Charac-

ter of the institutions—Adaptation of the civil law-Conspicuous

absence of prerogative law and invidious class privileges-

Constitutional and historical results-Popularity of the national

institutions Provisions for the education of the people-

Grammar-schools-Universities-Their testimony to an ele-

ment of enlightened liberality in the Church-Their model

brought from France-Vestiges of this influence in University

constitution and practice,
385-407

CHAPTER XL.

CONDITION OF THE NATION FROM THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE

TO THE REFORMATION.

(Continued.)

Scots scholars - Their early fame abroad- Commencement of

national literature-Thomas of Ercildoun-Rise and peculiar

conditions of a patriotic literature - Barbour, Blind Harry,

Wyntoun, Fordun, Bower, Boece, Major, Buchanan, Leslie—

'The Complaynt of Scotland'-Influence of the patriotic litera-

ture-Dunbar, Montgomery, and the other poets-Language of

Scots literature-Vestiges of Celtic literature-Printing-The

arts-Significance of the ecclesiastical and baronial remains—

Show the poverty following the war, and the influence of

France-Material condition of the country-Exports and im-

ports-Mining-Gold, silver, lead, and coal- A Spanish am-

bassador's account of Scotland in the fifteenth century, 408-451

THE

HISTORY OF SCOTLAND.

CHAPTER

JAMES III.

XXIX.

A CHILD AGAIN ON THE THRONE-TUTELAGE OF BISHOP KENNEDYTHE LORDS OF THE ISLES-THEIR TREATY WITH ENGLAND-PROJECTS THERE FOR RENEWING THE CLAIMS OF SUPERIORITY-HISTORY OF THE FORGED EVIDENCE FOR THE CLAIM DEPOSITED IN THE ENGLISH TREASURY-RISE OF THE BOYDS-INTRIGUES ABOUT THE CUSTODY OF THE YOUNG KING-MARRIAGE OF THE KING WITH A PRINCESS OF NORWAY-ARRANGEMENTS AS TO THE SHETLAND AND ORKNEY ISLES-PARLIAMENTARY CONTROL ON THE PROPERTY AND POWERS OF THE CROWN-FALL OF THE BOYDS-ST ANDREWS MADE AN ARCHBISHOPRIC-STRANGE FATE OF THE FIRST ARCHBISHOPFRANCE AND LOUIS XI.-THE UNPOPULAR KING AND HIS POPULAR BROTHERS-FATE OF THE BROTHERS-INVASION OF ENGLANDTHE KING'S UNPOPULAR FAVOURITES-THE SEIZURE AND HANGING AT THE BRIDGE OF LAUDER-THE DOUGLASES AGAIN-CONFEDERACY AGAINST THE KING-BATTLE OF SAUCHIEBURN-DEATH OF THE KING.

AGAIN Scotland was nominally under the rule of a boy. The next heir, James III., was but eight years old when his father was killed. This calamity did not stop the siege of Roxburgh. It is said, indeed, that the widowed queen came to the spot with her son and urged it on. The place was taken, and was destroyed as having been more available to the enemy than to Scotland. Berwick

VOL. III.

A