No trace of lesion antecedent to the operation appears, and the bone is so thick and the aperture so small as almost to prove that there could have been no antecedent depressed fracture or related injury."

The operation is on the upper and left portion of the occipital bone and extends into the lambdoid suture, and evidently antedates the other by several years. There were no visible evidences of traumatism in either case.

"The usual long-healed grooves over the temples appear in the specimen, two of exceptional length on the right and two or three on the left; there are no other scars or abnormal features, save the vestigial preservation of the metopic suture."

PLATE III.

We append the original description of this operation, it being as brief as it can be made and retain its most salient features:

"The operation for which the specimen is notable was performed near the center of the frontal bone, a little to the right of the median line, and extending from 37 mm. above the orbit to within 22 mm. of the coronal suture. The aperture is an elongated ellipse, 21 or 22 mm. in maximum width by 40 in length, measured on the feather edge of the inner table. In this case, too, all definite traces of instrumentation are lost, partly by weathering, though chiefly by reparative process. The margins of both tables are rounded, the diploe

is completely obliterated, and there are a few small spicules of new bone projecting into the aperture, notably a sharp point at the anterior extremity (shown clearly in plate xxi). So far as can be judged, the modus operandi was similar to that represented in cranium 9, with subsequent grinding or rasping of the outer table to remove the raw edges; yet it is quite possible that the aperture was made wholly by scraping.

No trace of lesion antecedent to the operation remains. It is clear that the sufferer lived for some time, certainly months and probably years, after the treatment. The usual vertical cut in the bone appears above the right temple.”

PLATE IV.

The three operations on this cranium were evidently all antemortem, and it is evident that the two first were done long prior to the last; it being possible, as suggested by the author, that these were performed at the same time.

The first shows no trace of the instrument, unless the slightly beveled edges resulted from the use of the implement, but the edges do show the action of the reparative process of such a nature and extent that it is evident that the patient. must have survived the operation for several years.

The second operation might have been done at the same time, as suggested above, but its repair does not seem so far advanced, so the conclusion is reached that it is

No trace of lesion antecedent to the operation appears, and the bone is so thick and the aperture so small as almost to prove that there could have been no antecedent depressed fracture or related injury."

The operation is on the upper and left portion of the occipital bone and extends into the lambdoid suture, and evidently antedates the other by several years. There were no visible evidences of traumatism in either case.

"The usual long-healed grooves over the temples appear in the specimen, two of exceptional length on the right and two or three on the left; there are no other scars or abnormal features, save the vestigial preservation of the metopic suture."

PLATE III.

We append the original description of this operation, it being as brief as it can be made and retain its most salient features:

The aper

"The operation for which the specimen is notable was performed near the center of the frontal bone, a little to the right of the median line, and extending from 37 mm. above the orbit to within 22 mm. of the coronal suture. ture is an elongated ellipse, 21 or 22 mm. in maximum width by 40 in length, measured on the feather edge of the inner table. In this case, too, all definite traces of instrumentation are lost, partly by weathering, though chiefly by reparative process. The margins of both tables are rounded, the diploe

is completely obliterated, and there are a few small spicules of new bone projecting into the aperture, notably a sharp point at the anterior extremity (shown clearly in plate xxi). So far as can be judged, the modus operandi was similar to that represented in cranium 9, with subsequent grinding or rasping of the outer table to remove the raw edges; yet it is quite possible that the aperture was made wholly by scraping.

No trace of lesion antecedent to the operation remains. It is clear that the sufferer lived for some time, certainly months and probably years, after the treatment. The usual vertical cut in the bone appears above the right temple."

PLATE IV.

The three operations on this cranium were evidently all antemortem, and it is evident that the two first were done long prior to the last; it being possible, as suggested by the author, that these were performed at the same time.

The first shows no trace of the instrument, unless the slightly beveled edges resulted from the use of the implement, but the edges do show the action of the reparative process of such a nature and extent that it is evident that the patient must have survived the operation for several years.

The second operation might have been done at the same time, as suggested above, but its repair does not seem so far advanced, so the conclusion is reached that it is