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481. Penetrabile: this adjective, of a passive form, has been before taken in an active sense, Geo. i. 93.

482. Terga: 'plates.'

494. Illi stabunt: will cost to Evander.

497. Impressumque nefas: the horrid tale there represented;' viz. the story of the daughters of Danǎus, who murdered their husbands on the wedding night. Class. Dict.

511. Discrimine leti in danger of utter ruin.'

514. Limitem agit ferro: hews a passage with his sword.'

519. Umbris: for umbra: to the shade of Pallas.

541. Ingenti umbrâ: 'with the shades of death;' or,' with everlasting night. 47. Mars sex belli.

544. Veniens: who had come from.'

545. Dardanides: sc. Æneas.

546. Dejecerat: sc. Æneas.

547. Dixerat ille: sc. Anxur. H.-Aliquid magnum: Anxur had repeated some charm.

548. Coloque animum: had thought highly of his own prowess.' 552. Ille reductâ . . . . hasta: Æneas, drawing back his spear, then pierces the buckler and breastplate of Tarquitus, in which the spear remains fixed. 57. O metuende hostis:

564. Tacitis: this epithet has been given to Amycle in consequence of a tradition that, by a law of that state, any alarm was forbidden to be given on an enemy's approach. An enemy did suddenly approach and capture the city.

565. Eggon or Briareus. 73. videê éneas.

582. Evi: of your life.'

608. Ut rebare.. pericli: this is said ironically. 60g. hands ardent 617. Nunc pereat. tamen said with indignation; 'now he must perish. although'. 19. templorum.

623. Ponere sentis: if your meaning be that I should so dispose the event.'

625. Vacat: for licet.

628. Quod voce ....

dares: if that favour, which you decline granting verbally, you should grant me in reality.'

630. Veni vana feror: I am mistaken in the truth.'exitus death 631. Quod in which respect.' nag' 8. H.41 after death. 652. Nec .... ventos: 'nor sees how groundless his exultation is ;' venti ferunt gaudium is a proverbial expression. Serv.

653. Crepidine: the ancient dative, for crepidini.

668. Crimine dignum: i. e. worthy of such an imputation on my character as that of deserting in battle. 5. wind

670. Quem: i. c. qualem?with what character?'

672. Manus illa: sc. dicet; 'what will the troops say of me?'

681. Mucrone .. induat: 'whether he shall stab himself.' Se ipsi acutissimis vallis induebant, Cæs. de B. G. vii.

686. Animi miserata: an elliptical expression; dolorem animi mise

rata. H.87. The winds & waves being favourable.

688. Urbem: Ardea. Æn. vii. 412.

698. Latagum.

...

occupat os; i. e. secundum os. 706. Ignarum: for ignotum.

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709. Defendit: sheltered.' 08. Icons, a chain of the asps. 711. Inhorruit armos: i. e. in armos, or armis ; ' erecting the bristles on his shoulders.'

712. Irasci.... virtus: sc. est; 'nor has any one courage to exasperate, or to approach him.'

529 dabit ve sposed to do great danger

- 622: Inaesen tis beti, imminent death. Joo. To be extended disabled.

725. Surgentem in cornua: poetically, a stag distinguished by
stately horns.'

733. Cacum . . . .
vulnus: a wound inflicted from behind; unseen,
therefore, by him who receives it.

734. Obvius.... occurrit: i. e. having run by, he turns and meets
Orodes.

736. Pede nixus: sc. ait Mezentius.

738. Lætum paana secuti : raising a joyful song.'

758. Inanem: fruitless.' 41. awaits

763. Turbidus: raging.'-Quam: 'such as.'

765. Stagna: the deepest parts of the ocean.' Æn. i. 126.
766. Aut.... referens: or resembling.'

767. Ingreditur. solo: Homer represents Orion as a hunter.
773. Dextra: i. e. let my right hand, which is my god, and this
good spear, which I poise, now lend their aid.' It will be remembered
that Mezentius is styled contemptor divúm.

775. Lause, tropaeum: instead of promising to adorn the trunk of a
tree with the spoils of Æneas, Mezentius says he will array his son
Lausus in them, when he shall have stripped them from his foe.
781. Alieno vulnere: by a wound intended for another.'

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784. Tribus:. tauris: three bulls' hides.' $3, Shield.

....

786. Sed.... pertulit: 'but it had spent its force.'

792. Vetustas here put for posterity.' De me nulla unquam obmutescet vetustas, Cic. pro. Mil. 35.

794. Ille: Mezentius.—Inutilis: sc. pugnæ ; ' disabled.'—Inque liga-
tus: and entangled; encumbered. 98. exposed de. de,
804. Præcipitant: sc. se.

805. Tutâ.
.... arce: in a place of shelter.'

833. Genitor: sc. Lausi; Mezentius.

834. Vulnera siccabat lymphis: " was stanching his wounds with

cold water.'

838. Colla fovet: 'eases his neck by leaning.'

845. Corpore inhæret: clings to the body' of Lausus.

861. Rhabe: this address to his horse is very natural in Mezentius, under existing circumstances.

879. Perdere: sc. me. 74. ad deas.

880. Divum parcimus: alluding to the invocation by Æneas, of Jupiter and Apollo: this verb has here the sense of the Greek pɛídeodaι, to dread; to reverence.'

887. Silvam i. e. the spears fixed in the shield.

889. Pugnâ.

iniqua: Mezentius was mounted; Æneas on foot, 902. Nec tecum.... Lausus: nor did my son make with you an agreement, that you were to spare my life.'

905. Defende: forbid; prevent.'

ENEID. BOOK XI.

ALTHOUGH the last book terminates without completing the narration of the battle, it may be presumed that the Latins and Rutulians were repulsed. The Trojans, worn down by long watchings and by the toils and hardships of the sanguinary conflict of the preceding day,

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had yielded to the impulse of nature, and sought repose during the night.

But, with the first dawn of the morning, their leader called them to the solemn duties before them. And, although their dead were still on the field of battle, yet, as it was the custom of the Romans never to offer sacrifice when defiled by the rites of burial, the first step was to offer vows and thanksgivings to the gods.

4. Primo...

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Eoo: i. e. Lucifero; at early dawn.' Lucifer, 'the morning star,' is also called Eõus, from as, morning.'

7. Tropeum: a trophy.' This was the name given to a post or trunk of a tree dressed in the spoils of a slaughtered enemy.

16. Hic est: this is Mezentius;' pointing to the trophy.

19. Ubi primùm .. annuerint superi: before raising their standards to march, the Romans consulted the gods by auguries.

21. Metu sententia: 'deliberations proceeding from timidity.'

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22. Socios inhumataque corpora: the unburied bodies of our friends.' By hendiadys.

35. Crinem.... solutæ : sc. secundum; weeping females are constantly described as attending the funeral obsequies of the ancients. Whence came these Trojan dames does not, however, clearly appear. Nisus had said, Æn. ix. 216, seqq. that the mother of Euryalus was the only matron who had accompanied them from Sicily.

42. Tene.... quum læta veniret, invidit fortuna mihi: 'did fortune, when she came propitious, envy me the possession of thee?'

47. Imperium: i. e. to the command of the Tuscans. En. viii. 475. 51. Cœlestibus.. debentem: the living are subject to the gods above; the dead, to the gods beneath. Æn. xii. 646-7.

55. Fides: in those promises of the safe return of Pallas.

56. Nec sospite. pater nor will you, a father, imprecate an accursed death on your son saved by dishonourable means.'

59. Hæc ubi deflevit : ' after having, with tears, thus spoken.' 67. Agresti . . . . stramine : i. e. on a bed of leaves, or branches, and flowers.

82. Caso poetically, for casorum.

89. Positis insignibus: carrying no trappings.' 101. Veniam: the favour. 4. esse. sc.

112. Veni: for venissem. Serv. had & come 118. Vixet syncopated for vixisset.

hither.

122. Crimine: 'by accusations;' criminibus terrere novis, Æn. ii. 98. 126. Justitia according to the Greek idiom, a verb expressing admiration here governs a genitive.

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133. Pace sequestra: 'by a truce.' In a litigation, the term sequester was applied to a person in whose hands the subject in controversy was by mutual consent deposited: hence, to any thing intermediate, as to the cessation of arms; during which the contending parties are in a state of security. Serv.

160. Vivendo vici... .fata: I seem, by my longevity, to have survived my own fate;' i. e. to have exceeded the natural bounds of life. 161. Secutum : sc. me. 169. Quin ego. omnis: but I could not bestow on thee, O Pallas, any greater funeral honours than the affectionate Æneas, and the brave Trojans, and the Tuscan generals, and the whole Tuscan army have paid thee.'

....

172. Magna.... leto: i. e. magna tropaa ferunt, sc. Troes et Tyrrheni, eorum quos dat [dedit] tua dextera leto. H. Evander says that no greater funeral honours could be paid to his son than the bearing

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with his body in solemn pomp the spoils of those whom he had slain in battle; and that the spoils of Turnus would have been added to these, had Pallas been equal to him in years and bodily strength.

175. Armis: i. e. ab armis. H.

177. Quòd vitam. . . . tua est: my motive for enduring life is my confidence in your avenging arm.'

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179. Meritis.... locus: I. e. ad meritum; this is the only way that now lies open to you and to fortune for rendering me a favour.' 181. Perferre: i. e. to be the messenger to my son of the vengeance inflicted on Turnus. 86. of the ancestors

192. It cœlo: for ad cælum. Lat. Gram. Rule xvii. Obs. 5.

195. Munera nota: i. e. offerings of the arms which had been theirs. 196. Non felicia: not successful' in the hands of their possessors. 211. Ruebant: an active verb; for eruebant.

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222. Multa. Turno and, on the other side, the sentiments of many were expressed in different language in favour of Turnus.' 223. Regina: of Amata, his aunt.-Obumbrat: 'protects.'

226. Super: for insuper; moreover,'-Diomedis: it will be recollected, that at the commencement of hostilities Turnus sent an embassy to Diomedes to ask assistance. See En. viii. 9.

243. Diomede: the Greek accusative, contracted from Diomedea. Argivaque castra: pro urbe ; Diomedes was king of Ætolia, and one of the bravest of the chiefs at the siege of Troy. He abandoned his native country, and settled in Italy, where he built the city Agyripa, afterwards called Arpi.

254. Ignota: doubtful in their consequences.'

259. Vel Priamo: even by Priam.'

260. Sidus: i. e. the storm raised by the wrath of Minerva.-Caphereus: the promontory on the eastern shore of Eubœa, on which Ájax Orleus was shipwrecked.

:

262. Protei.... columnas i. e. to the island of Pharos, on the coast of Egypt, where Proteus reigned.

265. Idomenei: Æn. ii. 717.-Locros: a part of this nation is said to have settled on the African coast, in the town called Pentapolis. Serv. 266. Ductor Achivûm: Agamemnon; who was murdered by his -wife Clytemnestra and her paramour Ægysthus.

268. Devictam.. adulter: and the adulterous assassin possessed himself of conquered Asia.'

269. Invidisse: referamne, or some similar verb, is understood. 272. Et socii: on the coast of Apulia are five islands frequented by sea-birds, into which the companions of Diomedes were said to have been transformed.

275. Speranda: 'to be expected,' or 'feared.' En. iv. 419.

276. Calestia corpora: Diomedes had wounded Venus. II. e. 335; and Mars, e. 857.

286. Ultro: i. e. in offensive war; .in the first place.

290. Vestigia retulit: 'was repulsed.'

293. Quá datur: by any means that are practicable.'

298. Clauso gurgite: 'when the stream is dammed back.'

305. Gente deorum: a nation deriving its origin from the gods.'

310. Cætera alluding to the army and resources of the state. Serv.

316. Antiquus agera tract of land long in cultivation.'

324. Aliam.. gentem another country.' H.

327. Plures: i. e. si valent complere eas.

329. Navalia: 'other necessaries for their equipment.'

227. aiunt. 232. to be assisted. deorum.se.

the reson. Labour. ¿.

329. The object for the

333. Aurique.... nostri: this passage is much involved. It may be construed thus; aurique talenta, et eboris sellam, trabeamque, insignia nostri regni.

335. In medium: for the common good.' Geo. i. 127.

338. Et linguâ melior: and still more prodigal of words.' iner. 346. Flatus: arrogance.' 342. onerat, se. Turmus. 347. Auspicium infaustum : unfortunate conduct of the war."

350. Consedisse. . . . luctu: ' immersed in grief.' n. ii. 624; ix. 145.
363. Pignus: i. e. the marriage of Lavinia to Æneas.

376. Violentia Turni: used for Turnus himself; as, sapientia Læli.
385. Passimque
(
agros: and since you grace the fields on all

sides with trophies.'

386. Insignis: a verb.

6

399. Cane: prophesy.'-Capiti: 'chief.' act.

400. Rebusque tuis: and to the cause which you favour;' insinuating that Drances was a traitor.

407. Artificis scelus: for artifex sceleris.

416. Ille: sc. videtur.-Fortunatus laborum : ' in his misfortunes still comparatively happy.'

443. Nec Drances. tollat: nor may Drances, rather than I, lose his life in this encounter, if it be a judgment from the gods; or win the prize of valor and glory if otherwise.' This seems to be said iron

ically. Turnus knows that Drances is not famed for personal prowess, and that there is little probability of a single combat between Æneas and him; yet such a combat is sneeringly alluded to as possible, in order to express how great the calamity which the fall of Drances would produce, and how great his glory, if victorious.

467. Jusso: contracted from jussero. Thus præcepsis is found for præceperis: rupsis for ruperis : rapsis for rapueris. D.

472. Urbi: i. e. propter urbem; for the sake of the state.'

473. Præfodiunt: 'sink ditches in front of the gates.' 483. Tritonia virgo: O Tritonian Pallas.'

488. Juro: & in buskins ornamented with

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513. Quaterent campos: 'to scour the plains." An expression of Lucretius for the movement of cavalry; ii. 330.

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515. Furta... belli: stratagems, or ambushes. 7. intercept. 526. In speculis: 'on the summit of the hill.'

527. Ignota: i. e. unknown to the Trojans.

534. Latonia: Diana; who was the daughter of Latona and Jupiter.

536. Nostris: Camilla was armed in the same manner as Diana and

the Nymphs.

540. Priverno: Privernum was a town of the Volsci in Italy.

545. Solorum: solitary; uninhabited. J. Je easy, had he settled himself 553. Cocto: hardened in the smoke.'n this opisiton, Subit's Revolvery all 555. Habilem: 'in a position convenient to be thrown.'.

558. Tua.... tela: i. e. tua jacula. D.

560. Dubiis: i. e. through which the infant passes with danger.

566. Donum Trivia: sc. quæ erat: who was consecrated to the ser

vice of the goddess.'

568. Neque .... feritate dedisset: 'nor would he, on account of his savage manners, have yielded to them.'

569. Pastorum avum: he led the life of a shepherd.'

....

573. Primis: for prima vestigia. . unbroken.

607. Adventus equorum: poetically; as the troops approached,

their ardour increased, and the neighing of their steeds became louder. 613. Ruinam dant: 'give the first shock against each other.'

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