S. F. Dudley has passed second into the Royal Navy medical service and J. C. F. D. Vaughan secured the fifth place on the list of successful candidates.

Obstetrical registrar

...

as's}

...

H. R. Dean.

J. E. Adams.

A. B. Bradford.

H. C. Squires.

L. E. C. Norbury.

J. P. Hedley.

Assistant in the pathological laboratory) W. O. Meek.

and demonstrator of morbid anatomy)

The following have been appointed house officers:

Casualty Officers (from 1st January, 1907.-(Senior) A. W. Hooker. (Junior) J. H. Drew.

Resident House Physicians.-H. C. Squires, A. N. Dickson, M. A. Cassidy, W. O. Sankey.

House Physicians to Out-Patients.-E. V. Dunkley, H. A. Philpot, C. E. Whitehead, H. G. Bennett.

Resident House Surgeons.-R. J. H. Cox, F. S. Hewett, A. B. Howitt, W. G. Howarth.

House Surgeons to Out-Patients.-C. M. Page, S. G. MacDonald, H. B. Whitehouse, R. L. Gamlen.

Obstetric House Physicians.-(Senior) C. R. B. Eyre.

(Junior) A. C. H. Suhr.

Ophthalmic House Surgeons.—(Senior) H. E. Gotelee.

(Junior) W. C. A. Ward.

Special Departments.-(Throat) F. B. Treves, J. Wallace.

The following pages have been extracted from the introduction to an edition of "The Elements of Medicine of John Brown, M.D.," published in the year 1795.

IF

The introduction is the work of the editor, Thomas Beddoes, M.D.

F those assemblages of human animals that constitute political societies, were arranged according to the nature of their occupations, one class would consist of individuals, depending for their support upon opinion. This class, being provided with a name of Greek origin, might be easily split into orders; of these orders the medical tribe would make one. We have the order broken into genera ready to our hands, of the distribution into species (which is more difficult) a specimen is subjoined. Our writer's present concern is only with the genus-Doctor of Physic. This genus we may subdivide into sections, or groups; as Linnæus sometimes manages with genera, comprehending a number of species.

SECT. I.

DOCTORS as desirous, at least, of doing good and extending knowledge, as of amassing wealth.

(1) The philanthropic DOCTOR, D. equally sensible of the importance and imperfection of medicine; compares the phænomena of health and disease with unwearied assiduity, that he may form a just arrangement of the actions of life, persuaded that this is the only sure guide in medical practice; cautiously tries new remedies, and abides by the best; beats the coverts of science, that he may himself start something useful; is humane in his conduct, not so much from sudden impulses of the passion of pity, as from a settled conviction of the misery prevailing among mankind.

Var. a. The shy philanthropic D. sick with disgust at the manœuvres of his intriguing brethren, runs into the opposite extreme, and keeps too closely retired from public notice.

Var. B.-The renegade philanthropic D., possessing activity of mind and integrity of principles, relinquishes the practice of physic, partly for the same reason as Var. a, and partly from dissatisfaction with its helpless state; applies his talents to literature or science.

Obs. 1.-Several of the greatest accessions to human knowledge are owing to this second variety.

Obs. 2.-A careful examination and comparison of these two varieties, with some of the succeeding species, will elucidate the nature of those physicians, that have usually had great local vogue.

More frequent than formerly - not so apt to flourish in great cities otherwise not confined to any particular situation. As selflove grows more enlightened, the more common will this species of

D. become, till it supplants all the others: man being an animal less liable to be duped as his ignorance decreases.

SECTION II.

D.-Mere collectors of fees, regardless of medical science, given to artifice and intrigue, each species after its own manner.

Obs. 3.-The bullying DOCTOR D. Inexorabilis, acer, looks big, struts, swaggers, swears.

Obs. Surgeons, in our times, more frequently bear these marks. According to a most acute contemporary author, the famous Radcliffe was a compleat specimen of the bullying D. "With small skill in physic, and hardly any learning, he got into practice by vile arts. He would neglect a nobleman that gave exorbitant fees," and to heighten the insult by contrast, "at the same time. carefully attended a servant or mean person for nothing he was surly and morose, treated his patients like dogs-extended his insolence even to the Royal Family-scorned to consult with his betters on what emergency whatever; looked down with contempt on the most deserving of his profession, and never would confer with any physician who would not pay homage to his superior genius, creep to his humour, and never approach him with the slavish obsequiousness of a court flatterer."

3. The bacchanalian DOCTOR D., given to sottishness, if not to drunkenness-generally somewhat of the bully.

4.-The solemn DOCTOR D., with garb, voice, gestures, and equipage, contrived to overawe weak imaginations, and hide the futility of his art.

(bs. 1.-D. of this remarkable species first practised physic with pomp; they invented or borrowed from the other professions those barbarous habiliments, of which ridicule has but lately stripped physicians. In times, when an huge wig or a flowing gown could more effectually command respect than sound morality, substantial justice, or useful skill, the stratagem succeeded to admiration.

Obs. 2.-D. of this species, when a pretext offers, speak ostentatiously of their experience-never suspecting any of their hearers may know that there are understandings which multiplicity of appearances serves but to confound.

5. The club hunting DOCTOR D. frequenting the crowded haunts of men; pushing himself forward, saluting all he knows, and all who will know him; talking much and loud.

Obs. In England D. of this species have of late been frequently seen in paroxysms of frantic loyalty, and of civism in France.

B

6. The burr DOCTOR D. fastening himself upon you as tenaciously as the heads of the noisome weed (centaurea calcitrapa), from which the trivial name of the species is taken, fix upon your cloaths.

Obs. Nothing in art, but the juggler's address in making you take what card he pleases out of a pack, equals the dexterity with which D. of this species force themselves on patients.

7. The wheedling DOCTOR D. with an everlasting smirk upon his countenance frequent at the polite end of large cities, and at places of fashionable resort.

Var. a. The Adonis wheedling DOCTOR D. with an handsome face; joined to the wily address, characteristic of the species— flourishes at watering places; sometimes joins to his profession the trade of a fortune hunter; and if he succeeds, "gives physic to the dogs."

Obs. 1. D. of this species when most moderate, prescribe for every rich patient two draughts a day, and one night draught, beside pills and powders. Hence needlessly to swallow nauseous drenches may be numbered among the curses of wealth.

Obs. 2. The Adonis D. has sooner or later a patient of note, ill of a fever or some disease, that usually terminates favourably; in case of recovery the female busy bodies of the place, exert their spirit of cabal in behalf of the wonder working youth, and his fortune is made.

cases.

8. The case coining DOCTOR D. publishing forged or falsified

Obs. "A very fertile source of false facts has been opened for some time past. This is in some young physicians, the vanity of being the authors of observations which are often too hastily made, and sometimes, perhaps, very entirely dressed in the closet. We dare not at present be more particular; but the next age will discern many instances of perhaps the direct falsehoods, and certainly the many mistakes in fact, produced in the present age, concerning the virtues and powers of medicines." CULLEN, Mater. Med. I., 153.

Akin to this flagitious abuse is the practice of purchasing false attestations, on oath, for advertisements; and what is still worse in effect, though not in intention; a custom beginning to prevail among persons of distinction-who cannot be supposed capable of discriminating diseases, or deciding on the efficacy of drugs-but who, nevertheless, permit Quacks to use their names in testimony of cures, which they suppose themselves to have witnessed.

9. The good sort of man DOCTOR D. a good sort of man, armed, by some mistake, with a diploma.

Var. a. The gossiping good sort of man D, fetches and carries scandal,

Obs. Varieties numerous as the hues of the chamaeleon.

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10. The Sectarian DOCTOR D. dwelling among his people at first; and by them often pushed on to spread devastation among the rest of mankind.

Obs. Varieties manifold; each distinguished by the livery of its sect-one is too curious to be omitted.

Var. a. The inspired Sectarian DOCTOR D. believing himself to be inspired with the knowledge of diseases and remedies.

In civilized countries not much more frequent than witches. Among rude tribes, as among the Tartar hordes, a kindred variety is universally found. See Gmelin's Travels. But these seem rather to pretend to inspiration, than really to believe that their deity serves them in the capacity of Prompter: and they conjoin the characters of priest and conjurer with that of physician. I have not been able to ascertain whether our variety receives the afflatus, except in its medical capacity: and the miracles it has wrought in this, are not so perfectly authenticated, as to silence cavillers.

ance.

Obs. People are now-a-days delicate in giving recommendations on some occasions; but the best bred persons make no scruple of pressing a favourite physician or apothecary upon their acquaintYet one would think that they are nearly as competent to speak to the merit of a footman, as of a prescriber or compounder of drugs. Sects sometimes improve this propensity into a regular system of cabal. The deeper the hypocrisy, or the wilder the enthusiasm of the Sectarian DOCTOR, the more eagerly will his brother fanatics dash through thick and thin to serve him. Now, as belief or disbelief in certain points of theology, has no apparent connection with skill in the administration of antimony, mercury, opium, and bark, we may deduce from this fact a rule which is probably as little liable to exception, as any that be laid down on the same subject. Never call in a physician BECAUSE he is recommended by a person of the same Sect; the more you are urged, be the more on your guard against the snare. This rule extends to all daemoniacs possessed by the corporation spirit, and to all sets of persons remarkably gregarious.

Observation.

Concerning this decade of doctors, there remains a caution to be laid down; and that it may make the greater impression, I shall deliver it in the style of my models, the naturalists. Notandum in toto hoc genere naturam mirabiles edere lusus. It is indeed applicable to all the species; individuals being apt, like hybrid plants, or mule animals, to exhibit the mark of two species, wholly or in part.