happy in this respect, because while he was engaged in difficulties, he saw a great light proceeding from Jupiter.

That the sleep of Xenophon on that fearful night should be short and troubled, we can well believe. That the young wanderer, (for we are satisfied he was then a youth, though this is disputed by the learned; and what will not the learned dispute?) that the young wanderer, on such a night, should dream or think of his paternal house, and that his dream or reverie should be tinged with the dark hue of all around him, is perfectly consistent with the philosophy of the human mind; and his firm and courageous spirit, the buoyancy of youth and hope, might well dictate the happy interpretation to his troubled dream. Then follows a council of officers and men-the choice of generals, in which Xenophon was chosen on the part of the Athenians-the march, and the means taken by the Persians to force the Greeks into the Carduchian mountains.

The snow, two fathoms deep, which they encountered in this inhospitable region, has caused much discussion and some doubt, but we do not perceive that it is at all wonderful. It was in the midst of winter-they had approached the latitue of 43 degrees-those mountains are the most elevated part of western Asia, for they give rise to the Euphrates and Tigris, and the rivers which flow northward into the Caspian and the Euxine seas, and the climate, which throughout nearly all Europe is insular, rendered mild by the western breezes from the Atlantic, is here far removed from their influence, and corresponds with the same parallel of latitude and the same elevation in the interior of the American continent.

The army suffered much; but they felt their capacity to overcome every difficulty, and face every danger that awaited them; and they met them cheerfully. One encounter of wit between Xenophon and Cheirosophus, the Lacedemonian general, is worthy of notice.

While they were marching through the country of the Chalybians, they saw the natives in great force posted on a hill to dispute their passage. Cheirosophus proposed to attack them-Xenophon objected, and advised that they should "steal a march" on them under cover of the night, and take possession of a hill which commanded that on which the enemy was posted.

"But why," said he, "do I mention stealing, since I am informed that among you Lacedemonians, those of the first rank practise it from their childhood, and that instead of being a dishonour, it is your duty to steal those things which the law has not forbidden: and, to the end that you may learn to steal with the greatest dexterity and secresy imaginable, your laws have provided that those who are taken in theft shall be whipped. This is the time for you to show how far your education has improved you, and to take care that in stealing this march we are not discovered, lest we suffer severely."

Cheirosophus answered, "I am also informed that you Athenians are very expert in stealing the public money, notwithstanding the danger you are exposed to, and that your best men are the most expert at it; that is, if you choose your best men for your magistrates-so this is a proper time for you to show the effects of your education."

In passing through the country of the Taocheans, a wild mountain race, who inhabited fastnesses, into which they had conveyed all their provisions, the Greeks suffered much with hunger.

At last the army arrived at a strong place, which had neither city nor houses upon it, but where great numbers of men and women, with their cattle, were assembled: this place Cheirosophus ordered to be attacked the moment he came before it.

At length the fastness was stormed.

And here followed a dreadful spectacle indeed; for the women first threw their children down the precipices and then themselves; the men did the same. And here Æneas the Stymphalian, a captain, seeing one of the barbarians, who was richly dressed, running with a design to throw himself off, caught hold of him, and the other drawing him after, they both fell down the precipice together, and were dashed to pieces.

It does not appear, that Xenophon kept a regular journal of his marches and the incidents which occurred on either the Expedition or Retreat. It is probable the account was written many years after from memory, and that hence some geographical errors crept in, which have so much puzzled his commentators. But his general accuracy is confirmed by modern travellers; and ancients, as well as moderns, from the age of Marcus Crassus and Mark Anthony down to the present time, concur in fixing the same character to the wild and primitive, and it would seem unchanging, inhabitants of the mountain regions through which he passed.

Perpetual occupancy appears to belong to a mountain race. Their barren hills, which are fruitful in no product

But man and steel, the soldier and the sword,

seldom invite the inroads of the conqueror, while the passionate love of the mountaineer for his wild fastnesses and still wilder freedom, forbids him to wander in search of fairer lands and milder climes. Hence the unmixed and primitive Britons are still found, after so many ages, (conquered but not expelled) in the mountains of Wales. A kindred people of the Celtic race, in spite of Gothic and Moorish conquests, still occupy the mountains of Biscay in Spain, and the Pyrennean portion of Catalonia is held by a still more ancient people, who are believed to have occupied it before the Phenician navigators pushed their discoveries to the shores of the Peninsula.

So it is universally, whenever a mountain region of great extent is once possessed by a people far enough advanced in civilization to provide for their own sustenance and to know the arts of war, they and their posterity hold it for ever.

But we must hasten to a conclusion. We cannot even refer to the various other productions of our author; but we earnestly recommend him to our young readers, as one whose works are full of interest, and as the master of a style which for neatness, perspicuity, and beauty, has never been excelled.

ART. XIII.-Paris and its People. By the Author of "Random Recollections of the Lords and Commons," etc. etc. 2 vols. Saunders and Otley.

OUR worthy friend Mr. Grant has betaken himself to Paris, after exhausting the "Great Metropolis." We like the man not only for his talent and services to the light reading public, but for that genuine and Scottish self assurance which lends character to whatever emenateth therefrom as well as a presumption that there is novelty in the matter. That a man like Mr.Grant, who is confessedly a stranger to the French language, should write a more inferming and amusing book about Paris than any other existing author, is remarkable; nay that what is new and from himself, with the aid of little more than an hotel-intrepreter, hired at a parsimonious rate, is more graphic and illustrative than the most profound of modern statiticiens or sketchers have rendered it, is no small praise. Really, if we were to choose a guide to the French capital, and an off-hand philosopher to boot, we should like the author of these two handsome volumes. We have no time for particularity, and quote that which we find others have quoted, as proofs of the esteem in which the work should beheld. First as to Parisian arcades,

The arcades of Paris ought not to be passed over in a chapter devoted to general observations on the place. They are much more tasteful in their architectural aspects than the arcades of London. You feel, too, that you can breathe more freely in them. In walking through our arcades in warm weather, you experience something of a suffocating sensation, which makes you hurry out of them as fast as you can. In the Parisian arcades I never felt any sensation of this kind. They are not only light and lively in appearance, but efficiently ventilated. As regards the shops, again, those in the arcades of Paris are incomparably more pleasing to the eye than the shops in the arcades of London. The exquisite taste, to which I have before referred as so characteristic of the shops in the streets is, if possible, still more strikingly displayed in the shops in the arcades. Here the taste and the fancy of the French appear in perfection. You might gaze at one of these shops for days together, and inspect every article in it in detail, and

You can

yet not be able to detect a single instance of defective taste. hardly believe, as you look at the windows, either that human hand has made the diversified articles which delight your eye, or that human hand has sufficed for the admirable manner in which they are arranged. You involuntarily associate the idea of fairy workmanship and fairy arrangement with the more fanciful shops in the arcades of Paris. To see one of the better class of these arcades, when lighted up on a winter's evening, is a sight which, were it not to be had for nothing, people would most willingly pay to witness.

Mr. Grant a philosophicthe orist:

The question is often asked, how happens it that that the Frenchwomen are so far before the women of all other countries in their style of walking? One of two answers is generally given to the question. Some persons account for the fact from the circumstance of their streets being so badly paved, and of their consequently being obliged, in passing along the streets, to make those short quick steps which are so much admired in their walking. This cannot be the reason; because in many towns in England, Scotland, and Ireland, the causeway is as rough and the pavement as bad as in Paris; and yet we see nothing of the light, graceful, elastic mode of walking. among the women of our provincial towns, which is the admiration of all foreigners who visit Paris.

The other usual mode of accounting for the French women's mode of walking is, to attribute it to the absence of carpets in the Parisian houses, and the circumstance of the floors being constantly rubbed over with soap, which renders them very slippery to walk on. This cannot be the right hypothesis any more than the other; for it is a well-ascertained fact, that English ladies who have gone to reside in Paris when they were very young, and before their style of walking could have been formed, hardly ever acquire that elegance of carriage and elasticity of step which all admire so much in the Parisian ladies, My own theory is, that the graceful walk of the French women is the result of that lightness of heart which is so marked a characteristic in the French character, and most of all in female character.

Lastly, a portraiture of Jules Janin,—

Though a severe critic, and a capricious man, I do not think there is any thing constitutionally unkind about him. I met with him in Paris, and liked his manner exceedingly. He is in private what he appears in all his writ ings-a lively, pleasant, light-hearted man, with a great flow of animál spirits, and having all the appearance of one who is utterly indifferent as to what people think or say of him. When the servant ushered me into his room, I found him engaged in an active search through his library for a book, and humming a song to himself, evidently to his very great delectation. He resides in apartments in a house nearly opposite the entrance to the Luxembourg Gardens. The house, like most houses in Paris, is very high, and Jules Janin lives nearly at the top. I was quite out of breath before reaching the apartments of the critic.

Literary men, in Paris, are rather proverbial for giving a preference to apartments near the top of the house; and Jules Janin rejoices, I am told, in the fact of his rooms being on the fourth or fifth story, I do not remember which. The walls of the apartment in which I found him were nearly all covered with tapestry of the most beautiful kind, after the manner of the Cartoons of Raphael. Some of these cartoons are, I have no doubt, of great value, though my knowledge of the fine arts is not sufficiently great to enable me to speak in positive terms on the subject.

The personal appearance of Jules Janin is very remarkable. Those who have seen him once will never forget him. He is rather, if any thing, below the middle height, and very stoutly and compactly made. His complexion is exceedingly dark; quite as much so as that of the generality of Italians. His face is unusually full; and its expression, on the whole, is pleasing. He has a singularly fine forehead, which attracts attention the more readily on account of the large quantity of jet-black hair, either brushed up or naturally disposed to stand erect, with which it is surmounted. I have rarely seen a more quick or piercing eye; it is full of fire and intelligence. A patch of hair, which is never allowed to attain a greater growth than about a quarter of an inch, is always to be seen on the lower part of the chin. What may be the technical term, if there be one, for this fragment of a beard, I do not know; it is much larger than the tufts, or imperials, which we sometimes meet with in this country. I refer to it particularly because I do not remember to have seen anything like it in Paris, and becnuse it imparts a very peculiar expression to the critic's countenance. The appearance of Jules Janin forcibly reminded me of that of Sir Charles Napier, the hero of St. Jean d'Acre; only that Jules Janin is much the better formed man of the two, and possesses much more regular features. His age, judging from appearance, I should suppose to be about forty-five; but he may be a year or two older or younger. Though he reviews English books which have never been translated into French, and cuts them up without mercy, he cannot talk nor read a word of English. He deeply regrets that he did not make himself acquainted with our language in early life. And as I was in pretty much the same predicament in reference to French, we should have looked very awkward when together, but for the presence of a third party who is acquainted with both languages.

ART. XIV.-Life of Gerald Griffin. Esq. By his Brother. Simpkin and Marshall.

THE biography of a man of very considerable genius written with a freternal fratiality. Poor Griffin's Metropolitan experience teaches a strong and touching lesson to litterateurs, especially all who have no other staff to lean upon than their pen and the outpourings, it most ordinarily is, of a brain pressed for the moment. He had besides, the wayward pride or vanity which has beset many men of gifts, and he suffered accordingly. We should wish to point the notice of the young and the aspiring, who have been smit