be just as well if youd mention what you mean to do next, as i suppose you dont mean to stop here all the rest of your life thats a great deal to make one word mean alice said in a thoughtful tone when i make a word do a lot of work like that said humpty dumpty i always pay it extra oh said alice she was too much puzzled to make any other remark.

EXERCISE 5

FINDING AND CLASSIFYING VERBS, VERB PHRASES, AND NOUNS

A. Find the verbs, verb phrases, and verbals in the paragraphs below, and classify as many of the verbs and verb phrases as you can without puzzling yourselves over the most difficult ones.

B. Find also the nouns and pronouns and give the reason for the capitalization of each noun.

It is what the flag stands for or represents not what it isthat makes it something to be loved and respected. It stands for Washington and the patient, brave struggle that he made for his country. It stands for the soldiers at Valley Forge whose bare feet left marks of blood on the snow; it stands for Benjamin Franklin, who, though he was old and ill, spent years in France to get money to pay the soldiers and buy ammunition for them; it stands for Robert Fulton, who worked tirelessly and patiently until he had made a discovery which has added to the comfort and pleasure of every person who is now living. It stands for fathers who toil uncomplainingly to earn food, clothes, and the chance for an education for their children; and for mothers who cook and sew and sacrifice that their children may be true Americans.

It stands for the Corn Club boy who in 1910 raised on his acre of land more bushels of corn than any farmer in the South. It stands for the newsboy who snatched a three-year-old child from

the path of a speeding automobile and lost his leg; for the girl who swam fifty feet from the bank of the Connecticut River and saved two boys from drowning.

In other words, the flag represents all the brave, true men and women, boys and girls, who now live in the United States or have ever lived in this country.

The Capitol at Washington and our president stand for the whole country. But we cannot all go to Washington, and we certainly cannot take either the Capitol or the president with us. We can see only a small part of the nation at one time. We can touch a few rocks and trees and see a few people, but that is all. So the flag does what nothing else can — it stands for every part of our country. It has forty-eight stars, one for each state, and thirteen stripes for the thirteen brave colonies that fought for independence and became the first states of the new nation. The flag stands for the past and for the present. It suggests the pine trees of Maine, the cotton fields of Louisiana, the great iron furnaces of Pennsylvania, the mines of Colorado, the rocky heights of Oregon, and the orange groves of California.

As we have just seen, the Stars and Stripes stand for our great men like Washington and Lincoln and for every town, village, city, and state. These are people and places that we can read about and see. But there is something else which is just as real but which we cannot see or touch. One name for it is " liberty," another is "equal opportunity," another is "honor."

When President Wilson asked the country to buy Liberty Bonds a mass meeting of Jewish Americans was held in New York City. Every speaker pointed to the American flag and said: "There is the hope of the Jews. The Stars and Stripes have given to us greater liberty, greater opportunity, than any other nation on earth!" This was true. Not only the Jews but the Poles, the Lithuanians, the Armenians, and many other oppressed peoples could say the same thing. A Russian who had brought his family to America said, "Whenever I get lonely and discouraged I go

down to the great public library, walk through its beautiful corridors, which are as free to me as to the richest man in the city, then look at the flag floating over its door, and I feel better." The flag did not suggest men or places to this Russian, but "liberty"- something that we cannot touch or see, but can enjoy.

During the World War German submarines sank American vessels by means of deadly torpedoes. One ship thus attacked was the Chemung, commanded by John L. Duffy. As the vessel began to sink the German captain ordered Duffy to haul down his colors, but Duffy's command to his men was, "Our colors go down with the ship, not before." Rapidly the vessel filled with water, but still the flag flew at the masthead. When finally the waves closed over the ship, the Stars and Stripes were the last thing to disappear. It was a simple incident, but not a German who witnessed it could fail to know that the American flag might sometimes go down, but never in dishonor. GRACE A. TURKINGTON, "My Country "

APPENDIX A

A SPEECH GAUGE

The lists of common errors below have been compiled from the courses of study of a dozen or more of the best schools, representing various sections of the country. To see how you stand in the matter of correct speech, check yourselves up by them. Do you still make third-grade errors? sixth-grade errors? If so, what will do about it?

you

A. The following bad habits of speech should be eliminated, and the corresponding good ones established, by the end of the