JAMES STRATON, AND PHRENOLOGY.

239

Winter Session, 1853-54.

By the end of this year (1853) the Intellect was nearly finished; there remaining only the concluding chapters on Similarity, and the two subsequent Books. These last became the occupation of the greater part of 1854.

I saw

The Easter vacation of this year coincided with the preparations for the war. I took my holiday in an excursion to Portsmouth and the Isle of Wight. The operation of transporting troops from Portsmouth was going on. the 42nd parading before their departure; everybody's remark being that no regiment could be in finer condition. I spent a few days in the hotel at Bonne Church, and had walks to Ventnor by the Cliff Road. I saw the dockyard at Portsmouth, and went on board the Victory, which was always at anchor. I returned by Chichester to

London.

In the summer months, Clark was a good deal in London, in connexion with college affairs; and I had occasion to meet him frequently at the

he gave different modes of measuring the head, and exemplified the process in great detail from busts and skulls, as well as from living heads-thus preparing extensive statistics from which he drew various inferences. There was still wanting his last refinement of taking into account the thickness of the skull, as stated in the text.

Tavistock Hotel. Mentioning to him the near completion of my volume, I asked his advice as to a title; the understanding being that this volume should be published by itself, the other to follow. After a little explanation as to the nature of the contents, he suggested the present title, and also the one to be given to the second volume, in harmony with the first. The suggestion turned out a success, and gave the work an individuality and prominence which no other title could have done. I also had Clark's assistance in revising the phraseology of the introductory chapters, and of some of the others.

I had the further advantage of Dr. Sharpey's assistance in revising the chapter on the Nervous System, as well as the physiological parts of the Senses and the Instincts. I had still to finish Compound and Constructive Association, during the summer term.

At the close of that term, I resigned the connexion with Bedford College, going in the recess to Scotland.

Autumn and Winter, 1854-55.

The summer vacation included a tour in the Lake Country, during which I spent three days with Harriet Martineau at her cottage in Winder

mere.

She was then in a very critical moment of business, brought about by John Chapman's bankruptcy. Her brother (with whom her relations were anything but amicable), William Rathbone Greig, and Dr. Hodgson-all of them creditors to Chapman-were bent upon getting the Westminster Review into their hands, to be an organ for their peculiar views on religion as well as general politics. Miss Martineau, on the other hand, backed up Chapman in retaining the management of the Review. For this end, she sent a message to her solicitor in London, to pay off in full the claims of all the three, so as to deprive them of any voice in the matter. Before I left, however, I found that things had been arranged in Chapman's favour. Miss Martineau's fixed idea was that the aim of the party, her brother in particular, was to crush her and Comte, with whom she was now identified by her published abstract of the Cours de Philosophie Positive. James Payn, the well-known novelist, was then residing in Windermere, and beginning his literary career by contributing to Chambersthrough Miss Martineau's introduction. His own reminiscences of this period of his life are full of Miss Martineau, but very inexact in circumstantials that I myself was privy to.

The rest of my holiday was spent in Scotland

partly in Edinburgh, and partly with Blake at Stobo. On returning to London in September, I took steps for getting the Psychology volume published. Mill gave me an introduction to his publisher Parker, who, in the beginning of December, expressed his willingness to publish the volume on the usual publishing conditions of half profits. The printing went on in the first months of 1855; and the book was ready for publication in the month of June.

Autumn and Winter, 1855-56.

My marriage took place in May, 1855; and after spending three months in Ross, Ilfracombe, and Redhill, we took lodgings for the winter in London; and there I proceeded with the studies requisite for commencing the final draft of the second volume. The difficulties of the commencement turned out to be considerable, notwithstanding all that had been already done. It was sometime, therefore, before I could incur the hazard of putting pen to paper, knowing that what was done must, for the present, be final. The nature of Will, in particular, had gone through many transformations, and must now take a final shape. The classification and delineation of the Emotions had necessarily been very arduous. I