journal, into which he entered cordially, and consented to act as editor. I also mentioned it to Herbert Spencer, who highly approved of it; and, further, I went down to Cambridge and saw the two most prominent teachers of Philosophy there, Messrs. Venn and Sidgwick, who promised their co-operation. A great deal had to be done in arranging the plan and finding a publisher, as well as in corresponding with expected contributors over the country; but there were hopes of bringing it out sometime in 1875. The ultimate resolution was to start in January, 1876.

Winter Session, 1874-75, and Recess following.

The chief part of the spring and summer must have been occupied in preparing and carrying through the press the third edition of the Emotions (November, 1875).

A

In the latter half of the same year, the Biography of James Mill was seriously entered upon. In October, I went to Cortachy Castle, on the invitation of Lady Airlie, to interrogate an old man who, being a relative, had known James Mill's family. still more fruitful visit was made to Mr. Alexander Taylor of Cushnie, near Fordoun, who was one of the Barclay family, with whom James Mill's father, as well as himself, was in intimate relationship. I

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MIND" PROJECTED.-LIFE OF JAMES MILL. 329 made an excursion to Montrose to see another of the Barclay connexion, Mrs. Christie, who was old enough to remember James Mill in person, and who heard him preach in the Parish Church. In Edinburgh, in the summer, I had received important help from David Laing, of the Signet Library, especially in reference to Sir John Stuart, Mill's early patron, whom he personally recollected.

Winter Session, 1875-76, and Recess following.

The first portion of the biography, extending to 1803, was composed as an article for the first number of Mind.

To the same number, I contributed a polemic with G. H. Lewes on the "Postulates of Experience"; it being contended, in opposition to Lewes -who held that the Uniformity of Nature was an identical proposition-that it was a veritable conjunction of subject and predicate, or Synthetic Judgment, and that it was a primary assumption that could not be resolved or transcended.

A further contribution to the number was an abstract of Spencer's Sociology (Parts I.-V.). The article was almost purely expository.

Among the MSS. left by Grote, a number of fragments of Ethical discussion were brought to light, which ought properly to have been included

in the posthumous Aristotle, had they been discovered in time. They were considered sufficiently interesting to be published in a separate volume. A notice of the volume formed my final contribution to the January number (1876).

The preparations for bringing out Mind were carried on through 1875; and it was considered expedient that the actual start of the first number should be January, 1876.

Henry Sidgwick's work, entitled Methods of Ethics, came out in the end of 1874; and, having made a careful perusal of it, I was greatly impressed with its ability and conclusiveness as a polemic directed against the Intuitionists. Indeed, in my judgment, no such thorough-going refutation had hitherto appeared; and the doctrine of Utility received a corresponding amount of support. In the second number of Mind (April, 1876), I gave a minute and critical analysis of the entire work.

While commending the treatment as a whole, I had to make a careful examination of the author's exaggerated view of the difficulties of estimating Pleasures and Pains, with a view to ethical decisions. After reciting the various difficulties adduced in connexion with hedonistic calculation, I had to indicate some of the palliatives essential to clear the doctrine of utility from the charge of ineptitude as a guide to conduct. The topic was only partially exhausted, and came to be resumed in a future article dealing principally with the work of Leslie Stephen, “The Science of Ethics" (Mind, vol. viii., p. 48).