north pass of Toano mountains, passage between Goose creek and Ombe mountains, skirting northern margin of the Great Desert, to north end of Great Salt lake; thence through the South Pass of the Promontory mountains, skirting Mud Plains north of Bear River bay to Brigham City; thence along the west base of the Wasatch mountains to Weber river, and up said stream to mouth of Weber cañon. Distance from eastern boundary of State of California to Weber cañon, 588 miles.

SAMUEL S. MONTAGUE,

Chief Engineer Central Pacific Railroad of California.

The cost of the surveys made by this company up to December 31, 1866, is $191,120 75.

FIFTH.

The amount received from passengers on the road during the year is $252,908 71.

SIXTH.

The amount received for freight on the road during the year, is $577,728 33.

SEVENTH.

The expenses of operating the road for the year are $407,707 95.

STATE OF CALIFORNIA, County of Sacramento:

Leland Stanford, being duly sworu, says, that he is the president of the Central Pacific Railroad Company of California, and that the foregoing report is true and correct.

LELAND STANFORD.

Subscribed and sworn to before me this 5th day of March, 1867.

SAMUEL CROSS,

Notary Public, Sacramento, California.

CENTRAL PACIFIC RAILROAD OF CALIFORNIA.

Report of the chief engineer upon the surveys for the Central Pacific railroad.

ENGINEER'S OFFICE,

Sacramento, June 1, 1863. GENTLEMEN: I herewith submit a general report upon the surveys made under my supervision for the Central Pacific railroad of California.

GENERAL REMARKS CONCERNING LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION OF RIDGE, OR DIVIDE, ON WHICH THE ROUTE PASSES.

This divide is the strip of land lying between the American river and its north fork, (on the south,) and Bear river and the South Yuba, (on the north.)

The Bear river unites with the Feather river (a tributary of the Sacramento) about 30 miles north of the city of Sacramento.

The direction of divide is northeasterly and northwesterly. Its width opposite Sacramento is about 30 miles.

The ravine of Bear river, from Johnson's Ranch to English Bridge, a distance of about 15 miles, pursues nearly an easterly course, while the course of the ravine of American river from Folsom is nearly north, to a point within about eight miles (southeasterly) from English Bridge. Here the American river branches, and the ravine of its north fork, as well as that of Bear river, pursue a northeasterly course, but gradually approach each other to a point about four iniles above Illinoistown, called Long ravine, where the two rivers are less than three miles apart. At this point occurs the greatest depression on the ridge, and the greatest difficulties in location were found. From Long ravine the ravines of these rivers diverge somewhat, but are scarcely further than six miles apart at any point, the ravine of North Fork and its tributaries and branches continuing up the summit. Numerous branches and ravines extend northerly from the North Fork, rendering a location on that side extremely difficult, if indeed practicable, our line at Long ravine being about 1,200 feet above the bed of North Fork. The ravine of Bear river extends up about 14 miles above Dutch flat, widening out near the source of Bear river into a beautiful valley, called Bear valley, about two miles long and one mile wide. Diminished in size to a small creek, Bear river passes through this valley, and a mile above is lost among the benches to the right.

The ridge between Bear valley and North Fork of American is about 800 feet high. Here occurs a singular freak of nature. The South Yuba, augmented by numerous large branches along its course, is seen emerging from impassable rocky cañons, and, sweeping down through the head of Bear valley, it turns suddenly to the north and pierces the ridge or divide lying north of Bear valley, forcing its way out to the northward between rocky walls, surmounted by peaks from 2,000 to 3,000 feet high.

There is little doubt that at some former period the waters of South Yuba flowed through Bear valley and down the ravine of Bear river; and, indeed, it would be no difficult matter to turn the whole volume of South Yuba into Bear river at the present time.

The South Yuba Canal Company, who supply the Nevada divide with water for mining purposes, take their water from the South Yuba, at the head of Bear valley, bringing it down through Bear valley, by the side of Bear river, with a grade of about 10 feet per mile, being at points as near as 200 feet to Bear river and not over 15 or 20 feet above it. Thus it will be seen that the cañon of Bear river becomes and is the same as that of the South Yuba, which latter river now takes its place, the divide or ridge being now bounded by North Fork of American on the south and South Yuba on the north.

The ravine or valley of South Yuba continues on to the summit of Sierra Nevada, and in Summit valley, within two miles of Summit, the river is a larger stream than is Bear river in Bear valley.

A barometrical examination of this route indicated that the top of ridge or divide could be reached at Clipper gap, near the head of Dry creek, 48 miles from Sacramento. From this point to Reservoir gap (about 1 mile above Dutch flat and 25 miles from Clipper gap) it was found that the line must be carried on the top of ridge. The line of top or crest of ridge being far from uniform, of course the lowest points or gaps in ridge become commanding points, and it was found necessary to carry the line from gap to gap, passing around the intervening hills upon their side slopes.

It was also found, upon reaching New England gap, (near the New England mills, about six miles from Clipper gap,) that to Long ravine, a distance of eight miles, the ridge was nearly level, the elevation of a grade at Long ravine being

only about 100 feet higher than at New England gap. Also, that the ridge rose rapidly from Long ravine eastward to the next gap, called Secret Ravine gap. It was also found that from Reservoir gap (1 mile above Dutch flat) the ridge rose too rapidly for our maximum grade, and that, for the next 20 miles, to the bottom or valley of Yuba, the line must be carried on the main slope of Bear and Yuba rivers. It was thought, however, that the line coul be carried up Cañon creek (a tributary of North Fork, with tolerable smooth side slopes) to Dutchman's gap, about eight miles above, and there cutting through the gaps, brought out on to Bear river side hill.

Subsequent examination proved this to be impracticable, Cañon creek rising too rapidly for our grades. We were therefore compelled to carry the line immediately on to Bear river side hill, and were fortunate enough to be able to avail ourselves of the side hill of Little Bear river for that purpose.

Being on the top of the hill at Reservoir gap, we were enabled to cross Little Bear river near its head, and to use its side hill for an approach to Main Bear

river.

The barometrical elevations also indicated that the Yuba could be reached about 20 miles above Dutch flat, at the head of its cañons, and the line carried up along its smooth, uniform bottoms for some distance; then, by taking to its south side hill. Summit valley and summit reached with maximum grades.

The South Yuba, from this point, (20 miles above Dutch flat,) called Yuba bottom, extends to the summit, a distance of 16 miles, most of the way through a valley, in some places 500 or 600 feet wide.

The old Truckee emigrant trail follows down through the valley a portion of this distance, generally over a smooth, natural road. Were the fall of this river evenly distributed, it would afford a uniform grade of a little less than 100 feet per mile to the summit.

Rising, however, from Yuba bottom, (say half a mile at a grade of 50 feet per mile,) the river cañons for a half mile at a steeper grade; thence, for four miles, its grade is about 60 feet per mile, either cañons rising about 250 feet in a mile at a point called Slippery Rock cañon.

The river then rises gently for about three miles, and again rapidly for three miles to Summit valley. Through Summit valley, a distance of 2 miles, its grade is scarcely 25 feet per mile, then rises rapidly again to the summit.

Inasmuch as the iudications of altitude of the aneroid barometer proved lower than those of the true level, after continuing our line for six miles along the Yuba bottom, we were obliged to retrace our steps and commence again near Yuba bottom, running up on south side hill of Yuba, with maximum grade, into Summit valley, in order to attain a sufficient elevation to reach the summit.

Summit valley is a beautiful valley, near the source of the Yuba, about 2 miles long and three-quarters of a mile wide, yielding excellent pasturage for cattle, hundreds of which are there driven each summer. From the summit, looking easterly, you appear standing upon a nearly perpendicular rocky wall of 1,000 feet in height. Immediately below is seen a valley from one to two miles wide, extending up from the Truckee river to nearly beneath your feet. Donner lake, about 3 miles long by one mile in width, occupies the upper portion of this valley, and its outlet is seen pursuing its course down to a junction with the Truckee. Two long ranges or spars are seen on either side, parallel with and enclosing the lake, reaching from the summit to Truckee river. Immediately beyond the river is seen the second summit of Sierra Nevada, while still further in the distance the Washoe mountains are plainly visible.

Passing the summit, our line is carried down upon the side hill of the range on the south side of Donner lake, descending with the maximum grade for about 11 miles. The distance, in a direct line from summit to Truckee river, does not exceed eight miles, but we fortunately encountered two long ravines, H. Ex. Doc. 253-6

with smooth side slopes, which, with the sinuosities of side hill, gave about three additional miles of distance, enabling us to reach the Truckee with maximum descending grades.

PARTICULAR DESCRIPTION OF LINE.

Commencing at the foot of K street, in the city and county of Sacramento, where it intersects the water front of the Sacramento river, the line passes northerly and west of the city water-works building, through what is known as Slater's addition, for about 1.500 feet; thence, curving to the east, it strikes the main north levee, at the intersection of Sixth with E street; thence it follows the line of north levee for about three miles to a point near the old Muldrow house; thence, curving to the left, it passes across the space of low land lying between the levee and American river, about half a mile in width, upon trestlebents, averaging about 15 feet in height, and crosses the American river with two 190-feet spans of Howe's truss-bridge; thence running straight over about 1,000 feet of low land upon trestle-bents, the line curves to the right into a direction of north 24° 30' cast, magnetic, and pursues its course in a straight line to a point about 16 miles from Sacramento, across the Rancho del Paso, passing about one-half mile easterly from the Arcade house, crossing the north line of said Rancho about one-half mile westerly from its northeast corner, and striking near the southwest corner of section 21, township 10 north, range 6 east, and crossing a corner of sections 16 and 15, to a point on the aforesaid section 15, distant about 16 miles from the foot of K street in the city of Sacramento, at which point the line enters the county of Placer.

Thence turning gently to the left and reversing to the right again, it crosses Dry creek with four 55-feet spans of bridge and passes about 300 feet westerly of Dudley's house; thence curving gently to the left it follows about two miles along the foot of a light ridge, in a direction parallel with Dry creek and Secret ravine, to the California Central railroad, at a point known as Griders, in section 2, township 10 north, range 6 east.

Thence running northerly for about one mile, the line curves to the right and crosses Antelope creek with a 50-feet span, about 500 feet from its intersection with Secret ravine, and attaining the top of divide or ridge between Antelope and Secret ravine, it follows the same, passing through sections 35, 36, 25 and 24 of township 11 north, range 6 east, and sections 19. 18, 17, 8, 9, and 4 of township 11 north, range 7 east, to what is known as the Big reservoir, at the head of Red ravine-a point distant about 26 miles from Sacramento, and at which point commences the maximum grade of 105 feet per mile.

Thence pursuing a general northeasterly course, it continues along the top of said ridge or divide, crossing the main Antelope road at the flume upon what is known as Antelope divide, passing through sections, 34, 27, and 26 of township 12 north, range 7 east; thence curving sharply to the right and reversing to left in about half a mile further, it reaches the summit of divide between Dutch ravine and Secret ravine, at a point known as the Caperton flume, distant about three miles southeast from Gold Hill, in Placer county, and about four miles northwesterly from Auburn station, the terminus of the Sacramento, Placer and Nevada railroad; thence running a little north of east, the line follows up sa'd divide, crossing the main Auburn and Sacramento road, to what is known as Newcastle gap on said ridge, between Dutch ravine and Secret ravine, crossing said gap with an embankment 62 feet high, and passing through sections 26, 23 and 24 of township 12 north, range 7 east, and section 19, township 12 north, range 8 east; said point being distant 31 miles from the city of Sacramento. Thence pursuing a general course of nearly due east, the line follows the south side hill of Dutch ravine for about two miles, through sections 19, 20 and 21 of township 12 north, range 8 east; thence curving to the left the line crosses

Dutch ravine, near its head, about one-fourth mile below the Bloomer Ranch house, and crosses the divide between Dutch ravine and Baltimore ravine, passing along and near the Bear river ditch to the main Hago river road, between Auburn and Sacramento, being at said point distant about one-half mile south of the town of Auburn, on section 15, township 12 north, range 7 east; distant 34 miles from Sacramento.

Thence curving to the left into a general northerly direction, the line follows near the top of divide between the American river and Auburn ravine. and near to the Bear river ditch, passing about one-fourth m le west of the Junction house, and through sections 15, 10, 3 and 2 of township 12 north, range 7 east, and sections 34 and 35 of township 13 north, range 7 east, to the head of Rock creek, at which point the line reaches the summit of divide between Dry creek and the American river; distant about 39 miles from Sacramento.

Thence pursuing a northeasterly course along the top of said ridge or divide, passing about one-eighth mile south of Lovell's house and near the Cataract mill, crossing through sections 35 and 25 of township 13 north, range 8 east, and sections 19, 17 and 8 of township 13 north, range 9 east, the line reaches Clipper gap, in section 1, at a point distant about 44 miles from Sacramento.

Here, instead of following the top of ridge further, it rising too rapidly for our grades, we curve to the right, and run up the north side hill of Clipper ravine, (a tributary of north fork of the American,) crossing several short steep side ravines to Wild Cat summit.

Passing through Wild Cat summit, (about one-fourth a mile south of Widow Hawe's house,) we pass around Hawe's Hill, and curving to the left, cross the main road, and pass up a smooth ravine to the top of the ridge, at a point called Applegate summit. A short distance further on, the line passes through Evergreen gap, crossing the divide again at Baney's gap, from which point it curves round on side hill (on north fork side) to Star house gap, near the Star house. Here the line crosses Star house gap, (and the travelled road,) about 50 feet high, passing up very nearly on top of divide, to the head of Applegate ravine, which runs into Bear river, this point being called New England gap; distant about 50 miles from Sacramento.

From New England gap the line passes out upon north side hill of North fork. Crossing the travelled or stage road, it runs along above the same, and about 500 feet above New England mills, through peach orchard of Murphy, through Manzanita and Chaparral gaps and over Sugarloaf summit to Lower Illinoistown gap, at the point where upper stage road crosses the gap, (about one and one-fourth mile below Illinoistown.) Crossing this gap, about 30 feet high, the line continues on about half a mile further, over a broken country, to a point called Bear river gap, where it turns abruptly to the left, with maximum curve, and crosses the ridge with a tunnel of 500 feet in length, emerging on the south side hill of Bear river, along which it pursues its course to Storm's gap and Long Ravine gap, leaving Illinoistown about one mile to the right. Here was found the greatest difficulty in location, Long ravine gap being an unusually low depression, the ridge beyond rising quite rapidly to attain its average elevation.

Here the line crosses the gap, about 70 feet high, and curving to the right, follows the side hill of Rice's ravine, leading to north fork for about one mile, encountering a succession of short, steep, abrupt side ravines, to Cape Horn, which is a bold rocky bluff, nearly perpendicular, and 1,200 feet high, above the north fork of American. Passing round the face of this bluff, about 200 feet below the table above, we strike the side hill of Robber's ravine, which runs parallel to Rice's ravine, and continues up along the side hill of same for about one and a half miles, crossing Oak summit and passing about three-quarters south of Madden's toll-house, through Trail summit. From this point the line follows along the face of side-hill above North Fork, striking Secret ravine,