TABLE D.

Showing the Mammals whose remains were found together in the "finds" containing those of more than one species:(R.D.G. Reindeer Gallery, F.K.G. = Flint Knife Gallery, w.c. - West Chamber.)

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Mr. Busk occasionally uses the generic term "Cervus" in his Table. I have included such specimens amongst those of the Red deer, Carvus elaphus. +"s." denotes The Stalagmite.

An example or two will suffice by way of explaining Table D:-The 1st "find" contained remains of Fox and Water Rat, in the First Bed, at a depth of 18 inches below the upper surface of that Bed, and in the Rein-Deer Gallery. Again, the 4th "find" contained remains of Bear, Rein-Deer, Rhinoceros, Hyæna, and Horse, in the Third Bed, at a depth of 24 inches below the upper surface of that Bed, and in the Rein-Deer Gallery; and so on for the other "finds" in the Table.

Further particulars respecting the "finds" in Table D will be found in the First Table.

Of the 70 "finds" of remains of more than one species of mammals lying together, which may be called Multiple Finds, 2 occurred in the Stalagmite, 1 in the First Bed, 66 in the Third, and 1 in the Fourth Bed; 29 were in the Rein-Deer Gallery, 34 in the Flint-Knife Gallery, and 7 in the West Chamber.

Of the 66 multiple finds connected with the Third Bed, 9 lay on the surface, 10 were in the first or uppermost footlevel, 7 in the second, 11 in the third, 10 in the fourth, 9 in the fifth, 2 in the sixth, 1 in the seventh, 1 in the eighth, 2 in the ninth, and 4 in the thirteenth foot-level.

The relation of the Multiple, to the total number of Osseous "finds" in the Cavern as a whole, as well as in its three principal branches, is shown in the following Table :—

Mr. Busk, speaking of the remains of Mammoth found in the Cavern, says, "For the most part they appear to have lain at a considerable depth, and with one or two exceptions, are the only remains met with in the fourth bed."* In fact, however, the total number of bones found in the Fourth Bed was but 7; of these 5 have been specifically identified, 2 of them belonging to Bear (No. 86), and 1 each to Mammoth, Horse, and Ox. (See Nos. 86, 93, and 94.)

* "Phil Trans." vol. clxiii. p. 517.

"The considerable depth" at which "for the most part they appear to have lain [in the Third Bed]," applies to one "find" (No. 72) of four specimens-an astragalus and three fragments of tibia-found at the depth of 156 inches in the Third Bed; but the same thing is equally true of seven specimens of Rhinoceros (Nos. 72, 73, 74, and 75), one of Ox (No. 72), one of Red-deer (No. 72), and six of Rein-deer (Nos. 72, 73, 74, and 75). Moreover, all the specimens having this great depth were met with in the West Chamber, where the excessive depth is easily disposed of by two well-known facts:-1st. In that branch of the Cavern the Third Bed occupied the Basin (19) scooped out in the Fourth Bed, and thus sank at least 3 feet below the ordinary level of its base; and, 2nd, in the West Chamber as well as in the adjacent part of the Flint-Knife Gallery, the so-called Third Bed filled the Cavern to the roof, thus rising in some places upwards of 4 feet above its normal level. As already stated (19), this so-called upper portion of the Third Bed probably did not really belong to it, but was a comparatively modern accumulation, the presence of which could be readily accounted for. Beneath this doubtful mass, bones were found in only one instance (No. 46) at so small a depth as 30 inches in the Third Bed in the Flint-Knife Gallery, and, excepting the solitary bone (No. 59) found on the surface, having its end artificially cut off (24), and which Mr. Busk has identified as a "rib of sheep," and 'a recent bone," "* there was but one 'find" in the West Chamber at so slight a depth as 42 inches (No. 141). It seems, therefore, that in the portions of the Cavern, just mentioned, and without regarding the Basin, from 25 to 3-5 feet should be deducted from the measured depths of the specimens before comparing them with the depths observed elsewhere. It would, no doubt, be most correct to take our "departure," not from the upper surface of the Third Bed, but from its base.

To the doubtfulness attaching to the element of depth in the West Chamber, and a part of the Flint-Knife Gallery, may be added that arising from the absence of a Stalagmitic floor in that part of the Cavern. It is obvious that any object lying on the surface of the Third Bed, but beneath a floor of Stalagmite, is necessarily older than the era of the commencement of the floor at that point; whilst those met with on the surface without any such covering, may or may not be of the same age: all that can be said of them is that they are certainly not older than the close of the deposition of the bed on which they lay; but it must be admitted that * See "Phil Trans." vol. clxiii. p. 502.

their position is consistent with the hypotheses that they were lodged there at any time since that close, and some of them at different times.

As, however, there was a perfectly continuous sheet or floor of Stalagmite in the northern branch of the Rein-Deer Gallery, from 17 feet south of the Dyer's Entrance to the Crystal Gorge, it seems fair to conclude that in that branch of the Cavern, depth in the Third Bed has a significance and a value which it cannot have elsewhere.

This depth, for both "finds" and specimens, and for the various species, met with in the Third Bed in the Rein-Deer Gallery north of the Crystal Gorge, is shown in Table F.

SPECIES.

TABLE F.

"Finds" in each foot-level. Totals. Specimens in each foot-level. Totals.

The foregoing Table discloses the following facts:

1st. That remains of Bear, Reindeer, Rhinoceros, Hyæna, and Horse, but of no other mammal, were met with in each foot-level.

2nd. That though remains of neither the Ox nor Elephant were found in each foot-level, the Table, taken in connection with Table B, shows that both forms belonged to the entire period represented by the Third Bed.

3rd. That, so far as the Table goes, it seems to point to a somewhat higher antiquity for the Red deer than for the Roebuck.

A specimen found at the bottom of a "pipe" extending into the fourth bed is omitted here.