The city makes per capita contributions, which in 1897 amounted to $142,675.19, to the following private charitable institutions and societies: :

The House of Refuge.

Pennsylvania Industrial Reformatory.

Training School for Feeble-minded Children at Elwyn.

Pennsylvania Working Home for Blind Men.

Pennsylvania Institution for the Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb.

Charity Organization Society (for Wayfarers' Lodge).

Northern Home for Friendless Children.

St. John's Asylum.

St. Vincent's Home.

Catholic Home for Girls.

Home for Destitute Colored Children.

The city gives outdoor relief only in the form of free medical treatment. The amount expended during 1897 was $12,000 for the salaries of doctors and $6,250 for medicines.

The city does not maintain a lodging-house. Homeless persons who apply to the city for temporary lodging are supplied with tickets valued at 18 cents each, which entitle them to two meals, lodging, and bath at the Wayfarers' Lodges, under the care of the Charity Organization Society. Three hours' work in the wood-yards connected with the lodges is required of each lodger. The city pays the society for these tickets, and expended for them in the year 1897 $1,000.

The insane are a State and county charge. The county shares about equally with the State the expense of the maintenance of each insane person. On Jan. 1, 1898, there were 1,243 insane persons in the Philadelphia Almshouse and Hospital, and 1,733 from Philadelphia in the State asylums at Norristown, Danville, Harrisburg, and Wernersville.

The city maintains no institutions for children under its immediate control except a temporary home in connection with the Almshouse, in which, however, children can be kept only sixty days. Provision. is also made for foundlings and sick children in the Philadelphia Hospital. In the Almshouse and Hospital there were 114 children on Jan. 1, 1898. On the same date the number of children supported by the city in private institutions was 349. The State makes appropriations in gross amounts to several private institutions, which receive children from the city.

In 1897 the city placed 13 children in free family homes and 71 in families at board, under the care of the Children's Aid Society of Pennsylvania, which is, in effect, the agent of the city in its care of destitute children.

During 1897 the city cared for 51 foundlings and abandoned children. Such children are sent to the Nursery Ward of the Philadelphia Almshouse and Hospital, under the care of the Training School for Nurses, and, when a few months old, are placed in boarding homes with country families through the Children's Aid Society. A large majority of these children survive.

Prior to the consolidation of the city of Philadelphia in 1854 the cost of maintaining the poor was a financial matter, to be adjusted by the guardians in their respective wards. By the terms of the Consolidation Act the independent status of the Poor Districts of Germantown, Holmesburg (Oxford and Lower Dublin), Roxborough, Byberry, and Bristol, was not disturbed, nor were they put under the charge of the Department of Charities and Correction, when this department was established by the Bullitt Bill in 1885. These districts, therefore, though a part of the city, elect their own poor directors, levy a tax for the support of their own poor, and transact all business connected with their system of poor relief. The first three maintain almshouses, to two of which poor-farms are attached. They all give outdoor relief, and expend something annually for the support of insane or other individuals in State or private institutions.

ST. LOUIS, MO.

Population, 1890, 451,770. Estimated, 1898, 650,000.

All the city institutions of St. Louis, including both charitable and correctional, public and private, are under the "general visitorial supervision" of a Board of Commissioners on Charitable Institutions, an unpaid body composed of five members appointed for four years by the mayor, subject to confirmation by the council. The direct control of the institutions is separate. The four public charitable institutions are under the Health Commissioner. The Workhouse is under the Board of Public Improvements. The House of Refuge and Correction for Children, which is both charitable and correctional, is administered by a board of managers appointed by

the mayor. The superintendents of public charitable institutions. are appointed by the mayor, subject to confirmation by the council. Their term of office is four years. The names of these institutions and their census on Jan. 1, 1898, are as follows:

The expense of maintaining these institutions during the fiscal year ending April 1, 1897, was $474,236.46.

The only contributions which the city makes to private institutions are for the care of foundlings. During the year ending April 1, 1897, $16,199.99 was given by the city, at the rate of $12 a month for each child up to the age of three years, to the following institutions:

Bethesda Foundlings' Home.

St. Louis Colored Orphans' Home.

St. Ann's Widows' Home, Lying-in Hospital, and Foundlings' Asylum.

Outdoor relief is given by the mayor, but only to a very limited extent. The amount given cannot be ascertained because the mayor gives this relief out of his contingent fund, and no separate account is kept. The only other form of outdoor relief is medical relief, given through the city dispensary. The city does not maintain a lodging-house. In cases where the city furnishes temporary lodging to homeless persons, it is done at police station houses.

The insane are a city charge, as the city of St. Louis is not included in a county. There are 1,332 insane persons, of whom 496 are in the insane asylum and 836 in the poorhouse.

The city maintains for children an institution called the House of Refuge and Correction. The class of children received are orphans, neglected and abandoned children, incorrigibles, and juvenile criminals. There were 354 inmates on Jan. 1, 1898; and the expense of maintaining it for the fiscal year ending April 1, 1897, was $47,652.68. The only children supported at public expense in private institutions are foundlings, of whom there were 106 on April 1, 1898. The three institutions which care for the city's foundlings

cared for 352 babies under three years of age during the year 1897. Of these, 157 died, 55 were adopted, and 25 were reclaimed by parents or other relatives. One of these institutions, St. Ann's Asylum, boards-out a few children with wet-nurses. The House of Refuge sends out a few of its children to free homes, but this method has proved unsatisfactory through lack of proper care in placing-out, and lack of supervision of the homes in which children. were placed.

BOSTON, MASS.

Population, 1890, 448,477. Estimated, 1898, 550,000.

The institutions for the care of the poor and the insane of the city of Boston are under the control of three boards, composed of seven officials each. These are the Pauper Institutions Trustees, the Trustees for Children, and the Insane Hospital Trustees. The Overseers of the Poor, twelve persons, have charge of outdoor relief. These thirty-three officials are appointed by the mayor. In the case of the Overseers of the Poor the appointments require confirmation by the board of aldermen. The term of office of the members of the three Boards of Trustees is five years; that of the Overseers of the Poor, three years. The charitable institutions owned and controlled by the city with their census on Jan. 1, 1898, and the cost of their maintenance for the year ending Feb. 1, 1898, are as follows:

The city does not contribute to the maintenance of private charitable institutions or societies, except to furnish quarters in the

*About two-thirds of these children were out at board in family homes.

Charity Building free of rent to a number of private charitable societies. The maintenance of this building is included in out-door relief. The amount spent by the city for outdoor relief in 1897, including administrative expenses, etc., was $133,104.

The city maintains two lodging-houses, the Temporary Home for Women and Children, established in May, 1862, and the Lodge for Wayfarers, established in January, 1879. The correctional institutions for adults (two houses of correction and a county jail) are under the direction of one Penal Institutions Commissioner.

The insane are a city charge. They were distributed on Jan. 1, 1898, as follows:

The city maintains institutions for children, which care for the dependent, the neglected, truants, and juvenile offenders. The Marcella Street Home had in its charge on Jan. 1, 1898, 461 children, about two-thirds of whom were out at board in family homes. During 1897 there were but 2 deaths among the children. The two correctional institutions for children are the Parental School and the House of Reformation.

There were 27 children who were being supported at the expense of the city in semi-private institutions on Jan. 1, 1898. These were at the Massachusetts School for the Feeble-minded, which is partly