per week to the maintenance of its inmates at the County Almshouse. During 1897 $6,000 was contributed.

The only charitable institution owned by the city is the Hospital for Contagious Diseases, controlled by the Board of Health. There were no inmates on Jan. 1, 1898.

The private charitable institutions to which the city contributes are the Old Ladies' Home, the Shelter for Girls, and all the hospitals and orphan asylums. The contributions are in per capita amounts as follows:

The cost of outdoor relief during 1897 was $57,723, which includes labor on the streets and breaking stones, which brought in about $6,000, leaving the actual expenditure of the city for this purpose $51,723. Payment for labor is not made in money, but in poor-orders.

The city maintains no lodging-house, but sends homeless persons who apply for temporary lodging either to the County Almshouse or to a private boarding-house, where the expense is 15 cents a meal and 15 cents for lodging.

The insane are a State charge. The city pays for the examination and for the clothing of the patients, when they are unable to meet that expense. They are maintained in State Hospitals.

The city maintains a Truant School for truant and incorrigible boys. The average number in this school is 17. On Jan. 1, 1898, there were 12 boys, and several were out on parole. The city was supporting about 10 children in private families on Jan. 1, 1898. It placed-out 4 in free homes during 1897, and 10 in families to board. Foundlings and abandoned or orphaned babies are usually cared for at an expense of $4 a week to the city or county in the Women's and Children's Hospital, the House of the Good Shepherd, and St. Mary's Maternity and Infants' Hospital. Children are kept at these institutions until two years of age, and are then transferred to orphan asylums, which are paid $1.50 per week for their care.

WORCESTER, MASS.

Population, 1890, 84,655. Estimated, 1898, 105,000.

The officials who have charge of the relief of the poor are the Superintendents of the Poor, nine in number, six of whom are elected by the city council for a term of three years each, two being elected each year. Three members are ex officio, one alderman and two common councilmen, who serve one year each. The institutions owned and controlled by the city are the City Almshouse and the City Hospital. The expense of maintaining the Almshouse during 1897 was $38,000. There were 205 inmates on Jan. 1, 1898.

The city does not contribute to the maintenance of private charitable institutions. The amount expended in outdoor relief during 1897 was $23,467.

The city maintains no lodging-house, but provides tramps with temporary lodging at the two police stations, and feeds them on crackers. The charitable and correctional institutions of the city are administered by separate officials.

The insane are a State or a city or a town charge. Those having settlements in cities or towns of the State are paid for by their place of settlement. Others are supported at the expense of the State. On Jan. 1, 1898, 165 insane persons were charges on the city of Worcester. The acute insane are cared for in the State hospitals, the feeble-minded at the Massachusetts School for the Feebleminded at Waverly, dipsomaniacs at Foxboro, and the harmless insane at the Worcester Almshouse.

The city maintains no institutions for children, supports none at public expense in private institutions, and does not place-out any in family homes. There are several private Homes in the city, and these care for most of the children who become dependent. The city sends from 40 to 45 children a year to the State Board of Lunacy and Charity. All foundlings and abandoned babies are classed as having no known settlement; and, whenever the Overseers of the Poor are called upon to take charge of such children, they take them to the State House in Boston, where they are turned over to the care of the State Board of Lunacy and Charity.

TOLEDO, OHIO.

Population, 1890, 81,434. Estimated, 1898, 135,000.

The officials who have charge of the relief of the poor are the County Infirmary Directors and the City Infirmary Director. There are three County Infirmary Directors, elected by the people for a term of three years, the term of one director expiring each year. They each receive a salary of $1,000 a year, and pay their own expenses unless on business outside the county. They have full control of the infirmary, appointing the superintendent, matron, etc. The City Infirmary Director is appointed by the common council for a term of one year. He receives a salary of $1,200, and occupies the same relation to the county board as that of a township trustee. All relief in the city and throughout the county is under the direction and control of the three county directors.

No charitable institutions are maintained by the city. The Lucas County Infirmary is supported by a portion of the Dow tax (excise fund). For the year ending Aug. 31, 1897, the portion of the tax applied to the Infirmary Farm was $15,252.23. During that year the city of Toledo had at the Almshouse 72 females and 161 males. The city contributed as follows to private charitable institutions:

Toledo Humane Society, partly supported by a portion of the
dog tax of Lucas County, from which it received during
the year 1896-97

Retreat Mission, partly supported by police court fines from
both city and State, received during the last fiscal year,
from the State

from the city.

$2,255.12

320.00

315.00

$2,890.12

Outdoor relief is not given by the city, but by the county, under the direction of the County Infirmary Directors. The amount expended for outdoor relief in Lucas County for the year ending Aug. 31, 1897, was $31,291.02. Bills are audited by the county commissioners.

The city maintains no lodging-house, but sends homeless persons to the Toledo Humane Society, which lodges and feeds them at the expense of the city, the charge being 10 cents for lodging and 10 cents for each meal. Applicants work on the street one hour for

each meal, and one hour for each lodging, under the direction of the street commissioner.

The insane are a State and county charge, and are maintained at the Toledo State Hospital and the Lucas County Infirmary.

The city maintains no institutions for children, as children are county charges and are maintained in the Lucas County Children's Home, supported by an appropriation made by the county commissioners. This institution cared for 125 children during the fiscal year 1896-97. The city supports no children at public expense in private institutions, and places-out none in family homes. Foundlings and abandoned and orphan babies are cared for by the infirmary officials at the expense of the County Infirmary Fund. The charter of the Retreat Mission has recently been extended, so as to include the care of such cases in the future.

RICHMOND, VA.

Population, 1890, 81,388. Estimated, 1898, 100,000.

The Superintendent of Public Charities, who is a salaried official appointed by the city council for a term of two years, has charge of the relief of the poor.

The only charitable institution owned and maintained by the city is the Almshouse, the expense of maintaining which during 1897 was $13,500. Its census on Jan. 1, 1898, was 250.

About $10,000 was contributed by the city during 1897 to the following institutions and societies: Richmond Industrial Home, Citizens' Relief Association, Young Men's Business Association, City Mission.

The amount expended during 1897 in outdoor relief was $7,985. The relief was in the form of fuel, shoes, and rations.

The city maintains no lodging-house, and homeless persons who apply for temporary lodging are sent to the Industrial Home or to the Almshouse.

The insane are a State charge, and are maintained at the Eastern, Western, South-western, and Central State Hospitals.

The city maintains no institutions for children, but supports some at public expense in private institutions, and also finds some free family homes for dependent children. On Jan. 1, 1898, 18 children

were being supported at the expense of the city in private institutions. Two foundlings were cared for by the city during 1897, and one died.

NEW HAVEN, CONN.

Population, 1890, 81,298. Estimated, 1898, 112,000.

The relief of the poor is under the charge of three commissioners, one of whom is the Superintendent of Charities. This officer is the only paid member of the board. These officials are appointed by the mayor for a term of two years, and all go out of office at the same time.

The Almshouse is the only public charitable institution of the city. The expense of maintaining it during 1897 was $46,000, and it had on Jan. 1, 1898, 380 inmates.

The city contributed during 1897 the following sum in gross amounts to private charitable institutions :

New Haven Orphan Asylum (Protestant)

St. Francis Orphan Asylum (Roman Catholic)
New Haven Dispensary

$2,000

2,000

1,500

$5,500

The amount expended in outdoor relief during the year was $12,452.

No lodging-house is maintained by the city; and homeless persons who apply for temporary lodging are referred to the Charity Organization Society, which has a wood-yard with a lodging-house attached.

The charitable and correctional institutions of the city are not administered by the same officials.

The insane are a city charge. On Jan. 1, 1898, the city had about 150 dependent insane persons who were maintained at the Middletown Insane Asylum.

The city maintains no institutions for children, supports none at public expense in private institutions, and places-out none in family homes.

No record is kept of the number of foundlings cared for by the city. Such children, if under four years of age, are taken