magazine, &c.; and it was here that the sledges were made for Napoleon, when he carried his ordnance over the Great St. Bernard, in the winter of 1800. Coach to St. Jean de Losne. Tour d'Aleria, at the mouth of the Tavignano (60 1675. Pop., 4,700. It has an arsenal, barracks, powder kil. from Porte Vecchio). This marks the site of a tower founded by the Dictator Sylla, now half a mile from the sea. On the tomb of the Scipios, at Rome, we read, "He took Corsica and the city of Aleria," -from which a Roman way went to Pala, near Bonifacio. A little north of it, at the Tour de Diana, is part of a temple, built by Marius, when he founded Mariana, between two lagoons, or sea lakes. Monte Capella, 3,750 feet high, lies to the west. The road hence passes Ste. Luciana, Tour S. Pelegrino, &c. for 60 kil. to Bastia, again. This flat littorale is highly pestiferous in summer, but produces rich crops of grass and corn. The circuit of Corsica thus made is upwards of 420 kil. or 250 miles. Its greatest length is about 130 miles, and greatest breadth, 53; area, 3,380 square miles; total pop., 236,300, of whom 32,360 are landed proprietors. Ptolemy called this island Coornos. It was occupied in whole or part by all the nations who successively figure in the history of the Mediterranean-the Greeks, Carthagenians, Romans, Saracens, &c., and at length by the Genoese, who, however, held but a nominal possession for 400 years, till 1729, when the natives revolted, and in 1736 placed a German adventurer, Theodore de Neuhoff, who was page to the Duchess of Orleans, on the throne. He levied troops, coined money, and even created marquises, one of whom was Paoli's father. Being obliged to fly, he mortgaged his little "kingdom" to pay his debts, died in the King's Bench, 1746, and was buried in St. Anne's, Soho. The French, who at various times came to the assistance of the Genoese, acquired possession of it, as above mentioned, after 1769. ROUTE 21. Dijon to Auxonne, Gray, Dole, Salins, Besangon, Belfort, and Mulhouse. N.B.-Salins is the general starting point, pro. tem., for diligences to all parts of Switzerland. By rail, 118 miles to Belfort; four trains a day, 5 to 6 hours. Diion station, as in Route 20. The next is Genlis (3 miles), on the Tille. Collonges (2 miles). Auxonne (5 miles), where the junction from Chellindry (Mulhouse line) viâ Gray, falls in. Auxoune, on the Saône, in department Côte d'Or, a military post of the fourth class, fortified by Vauban, [ST. JEAN DE LOSNE (16 kil. south-west), an old village, in a green spot, down the Saône, where the Canal de Bourgogne joins, and near the mouth of the Canal du Rhône au Rhin. It sustained a hard siege in 1636. SEURRE, 14 miles south west of this, lower down the Saône, where it becomes navigable, has a population of 3,100, and a good trade in grain, wood, charcoal, &c.] The stations from Auxonne, on the branch to Gray, are as under, all on the Saône. Lamarche (7) miles). Pontailler (2 miles). Montoche (6 miles), in department HauteSaône. Gray (3 miles), as in Route 62. Following the main line from Auxonne, the next station is Champvans (3 miles). Then Dole (2 miles), where the branch line to Salins Hotels.-Du Chapeau Rouge (Red Hat); Jacquinot; This capital of department Jura, (formerly of There are a college, & library of 3,000 volumes, a museum, theatre, &c. General Lecourbe was born here. At the north end of the town, near the old castle of Montmorot, are the Puits des Salines (salt springs), rising into a great pit, 65 feet deep, whence the brine is carried by pumps and wooden gutters to vast buildings for filtering and boiling it. About 20,000 quintals (of 100lbs. each) are made. There is a good trade also in iron, wood, wine, eaux-de-vie, Gruyère cheese, &c. In the neighbourhood are the old abbey of Baumeles-Messieurs, under the fine Roches de Baume; the very old church of Coldre, near a well preserved Roman camp, the château du Pin, where Henry IV. once stayed, the château d'Arlay, which belonged to the Prince d'Aremberg, and the fall of Poitte (15 kil.) on the Ain (about 53 feet down). From Lons-le-Saulnier, on the road to Geneva, you pass Clairvaux (23 kil.), at the bottom of a pretty valley, near a lake. Franois (3 miles). BESANÇON. 57 miles from Dijon, 254 miles from Paris. Hotel.-Du Nord. OBJECTS OF NOTICE.-Roman arch-Cathedral the Chaumars walk. Chief town of department Doubs, a first class fortress, seat of a military division, of a college, archbishopric, academy of sciences, &c. Pop. 41,300. This fine old town, one of the strongest and best built in France, lies in the old province of Franche Comté, and is the centre of its watch-making trade. It is the Vesontio of Cæsar, on the Dubis, now the Doubs, which still surrounds it exactly as in his time, ut circino circumductum, pene totum oppidum cingit (girdling it nearly quite round, as if drawn with a pair of compasses). It stands in a fertile valley, bordered by vine-covered hills, strengthened by forts commanding the approaches. The upper part, or La Ville, is ST. LAURENT (26 kil.) is the next place (see Route the site of the old city, where Vauban's citadel stands 29), beyond which is Geneva. on a mass of rocks in the peninsula made by the river, From Dôle, the stations to Salins are the follow- over which an old bridge, resting on great piers, made ing: Montbarry (8 miles). Chateley (3 miles). Arc-Senans (3 miles). Mouchard (3 miles). Salins (4) miles) is a town of 7,000 souls, in a rocky gorge among the mountains, at the head of the Furieuse, and has been rebuilt since the great fire of 1825, by a contribution of 2,000,000 francs from all parts of France. It is noted for the government salt-works (salines), an immense pile, above 900 feet long, where salt is boiled from the brine springs in the gypsum, which corresponds to the new red sandstone of Cheshire. Salt is a government monopoly in France. There is a good trade in wine, wax, honey, and cheese, Mont Poupet, near it, is 2,490 feet above the sea. Coaches from here to all parts of Switzerland, changing at Neufchâtel and Pontarlier. Route 22.] See by the Romans, crosses to the Basse Ville. The streets are broad and well built, and the promenades ornamented by fountains; one of them is a Nymph, with the water flowing from her breasts. Le Chaumars (Campus Martius) on the river, is the longest walk; another is the garden of Cardinal Granville's old palace. The are six gates. La Porte Noire (Black Gate), is a Roman triumphal arch, with two columns, and some statues left. There are also remains of an amphitheatre, baths, inscriptions, &c. St. John's Cathedral, of the 11th cent., has pictures by Vanloo (the Resurrection), Fra Bartolomeo (a St. Sebastian), Del Piombo (Death of Sapphira), and others. St. Madeleine's church has a fine portal, built 1830. St. James' was built 1707. At St. Francis Xavier's are several pictures. Other buildings are the préfect's hôtel; the law college and its garden, founded by the Granvilles; the palais de justice, near the préfecture, built 1745-49; large caserne, or barracks; the salle de spectacle, with Returning to Dôle, on the main line, we pass down a Dorio portico of six pillars; public library of 50,000 he Doubs, to Rochefort (4) miles). Orchamps (5) miles). Ranchot (3 miles). St. Vit (5 miles). vols., and some rare MSS.; the Musée Paris, founded by M. Paris, a native, having many coins, paintings, antiques; museum of natural history, and St. Jacques' hospital. Cæsar calls it the first town of the Sequani, in Belgio Dannemarie (3 miles), in the department of Gaul. It was taken by Attila. in the 5th cent.; afterwards became part of Burgundy, and an imperial city, Doubs. till given up to Spain, 1648, and to France (with Franche Comté), in 1678. Here Hecker and Struve organised their disastrous revolution of Baden in 1849. Among the natives are Charles Nodier, Victor Hugo, Suard, General Moncey, M. Droz, &c. Rev. MM. Miroglio and Sandoz are French Protestant pastors here. Manufactures of watch and clock-work, hats, druggets, carpets, coarse woollens, thread, yarn, &c. The canal from the Rhône to the Rhine passes by. Conveyances tola Chaud-le F. (28kil.), Lure, Vesoul. In the neighbourhood are the château de Montfaucon, built by Louis XI.; and near Boussières, down the river, are the large caverns, or grottoes of Oselles, 2,620 feet long. [From Besançon, on the hilly road to Lausanne, you pass ORNANS (27 kil.), in the picturesque valley of the The next station to Besançon, down the Doubs Baume-les-Dames (7 miles), the ancient Balma, is a pretty sous préfecture, on the Doubs, under five peaks of the Jura, on one of which is a ruined castle of the dukes of Burgundy, destroyed 1476. The halle aux blé is part of an abbey, founded in the 8th cent. Great quantities of gypsum are quarried here. [At Chaux-les-Passavant, 9 kil. south, is one of those remarkable subterranean glaciers which are met with in various parts of the Jura range.] Clerval (4 miles). Pop. 1,400. A pretty place, with a castle, and furnaces round it. L'Isle-sur-le-Doub (6 miles), on a peninsula of the river. Pop. 1,300. Pins, wire, &c., are made here, Voujaucourt (10 miles). Then Montbeliard (2 miles), is a thriving place of 4,767 souls, in the fertile valley of the Allan, which is overlooked by a feudal tower, and is the birth-place of the great Cuvier. Watchmaking, &c., are carried on. PONTARLIER, a border town and sous-préfecture, of 4,707 population, under the second chain of the Jura mountains, at a height of 2,700 feet above sea, well built, with a college, barracks, Hôtel de Ville, library, &c,; besides manufactures of iron, paper, tools, leather, wormwood, &c. General d'Arçon, who made the floating batteries at the siege of Gibraltar, was born here. Hotels.-Des Voyageurs; National, &c. Conveyances to Lausanne and Neufchâtel (in SWITZERLAND). The first place is reached via Jonques, Lignerolles, Orbe, and Chavorray station, on the Lausanne and Yverdun line. At the second place there is a change to the diligence for Berne. We pass Fort de Joux (4 kil.), near the defile of La Clause, on a precipice about 640 feet high, where Mirabeau and the unfortunate Toussaint l'Ouverture were confined. NEUFCHÂTEL, on the lake of Neufchâtel, is 16 leagues (about 66 kil.) to the north-east, down the picturesque Val Travers, The Doubs rises under Mont Rixon, in the Jura range, 3,120 feet above the sea, and about 30 kil. south-south-west of Pontarlier. At 25 kil north-east of this town, near Morteau, in a rocky defile, only 32 feet wide, it tumbles over a fine fall, called the Saut-de-Doubs, about 86 feet down. POLIGNY (19 kil. south-west of Salins), a sous-pro fecture, and the Latin Castrum Olinum, at the head of the Golantine, in a gap under the Jura mountains, having several fountains and mills, a saltpetre work, part of an old fort, and of a Roman way, called Chemin Pavé. Pop. 5,900. A little north of it is Arbois, where Pichegru was born. Lons-le-Saulnier, is 30 kil. south-west of Poligny (see Route 21). Pierre (30 kil. west of it), near the fine moated Château of Thiard or Thyard, built 1672. It consists of two courts, and contains, among other rooms, the cabinet de l'Empereur, in which are Napoleon's writing desk and bureau.] From Salins, on the main road, the next place is CHAMPAGNOLE (22 kil.), in a pretty spot on the ascent of the Jura, under Mont Rivel, on the Ain, which turns mills for making wire, &c. ST. LAURENT (12 kil.), at the top of the Jura range, has a douane or custom house, and an old castle commanding a wide prospect. Hotel.-L'Ecu. Thence down to MOREZ (12 kil.), in a narrow gorge of the Bienne, lined with mills and forges. Pop. 3,200. Clockwork, tourne-broches (jacks), pins, nails, cotton thread, &c., are made; and there is a good trade in Gruyère cheese, timber, wine, &c. LES ROUSSES (3 kil.), on a lake near the Swiss frontier, in the highest part of the Jura mountains, which may be ascended for the prospect. The last French custom-house is here; and here also the rivers divide, some towards the North Sea, others towards the Mediterranean. Here a road turns off to Noyon, on the Lake of Geneva. LA VATTAY (5 kil.), OR LAVATAY a small collection of chalets, from which there is a short cut towards Gex, through the narrow defile of Monts Faucilles, which brings you to the south side of the mountain, and all of a sudden discovers one of the grandest prospects in Europe, taking in the Lake of Geneva, Mont Blanc, part of Savoy, &c. The traveller must look out for this, by all means; especially towards sunset. GEX (15 kil.), a small sous-préfecture (in department Ain) of 2,900 souls, at the bottom of Mont St. Claude, on the Jornans, between the Jura mountains and Lake of Geneva, of which it commands a fine view, as well as of the Alps, the Jura chain, &c. Gruyère cheese, watches, &c., are made. Hotels.-De la Poste; des Etrangers; du Pont d'Arche. [About 28 kil. to the west-north-west is ST. CLAUDE, another sous-préfecture (in department Jura), and a seat of a diocese, in a picturesque valley in the Jura range, where the Bienne and Tacon join. The cathedral is not remarkable. Many small articles in bone, ivory, wood, as well as buttons, musical instruments, nails, copper goods (quincaillerie), &c., are made. Pop. 6,000. Around it are some Objects Worthy of Notice.-As the falls of Flumen and Queue du Cheval (i. e. Horse Tail)-Foules cave-the intermittent springs of Noire Combe-the Pont de la Pile on the Ain-and the Pass leading to Tour-du-Meix, -Sept-Moncel (12 kil.) is noted for its cheese, and manufacture of stone carvings.] FERNEY (12 kil.) or FERNEY-VOLTAIRE, on the Swiss side, is a small village of watch-makers, on a beautiful part of the Geneva lake, formerly the residence of Voltaire, from 1759 to 1778. They show his sitting-room and chamber, with portraits of him, of Frederick the Great, Catherine II. (in tapestry, worked by herself), Franklin, &c.; also a pyramid (which once held his heart), set up by the Marquise de Villette, his adopted daughter, with the words "Son esprit est partout, mais son cœur est ici" (his spirit is everywhere, but his heart is here). The theatre is gone, but the church he built, "Deo erexit Voltaire," remains. Mont Blanc is in view. At 6 kil. further is GENEVA, to which omnibuses run; and thence there is railway communication with Lausanne, Lyons, Chambéry, &c. ROUTE 23. (Chemin de Fer de Lyon à Geneve.) Paris to Macon, Bourg. Amberieu, and Geneva; with branches to Lyons and Chambery. By rail the whole way; three trains daily from Macon, 5 to 6 hours. This is a single line of rail, but it is to be doubled. Distance, 1143 miles, or 185 kil. By way of Chambéry, this line offers a direct railway route from Paris to Turin, except 54 miles of omnibus between St. Jean-de-Maurienne and Susa, over Mount Cenis. Polliat (3 miles). Pop. 1,500. And 5 miles from this is BOURG, or Bourg-en-Bresse. 23 miles from Macon, 298 from Paris. HOTELS.-Du Palais; de l'Europe; du Nord; du Griffin. Population 11,680. The chief town of department Ain (formerly La Bresse), in a fine spot on the Reyssouse, was founded in the thirteenth century by the dukes of Savoy, and given up to France, 1350. It is on the whole well built; having some fountains, one of which is to the memory of General Joubert. A good bronze statue of Bichat, the surgeon, by David, is in the Bastion promenade; Nôtre Dame church, in the Gothic and Rennaisance styles, contains some noticeable carvings in the stalls of the choir. At the Hotel de Ville is the Musée Lorin, of 117 paintings, bequeathed to the town, 1856. There are also a halle au blé (corn market), a circular building; public library of 19,000 volumes; college or school; a prison on the site of the ducal château; and a large hospital outside the town. In Faubourg de Brou is the fine Gothic church of Brou, built in the 15th cent., by Margaret of Austria, whose motto, "Fortune, fortune, fortune," is repeated all over it, and whose remains were discovered in the crypt, 1856. It is 228 feet long. It contains many specimens of arabesque and other carvings, stained windows, and tombs of the dukes of Savoy, when seated here, besides eight or nine religious houses. The dial was set up by Lalande, the astronomer, who was born at a house in the town, with "Observatoire, 1792," upon its front. Manufactures of linens, cotton thread, silk stockings, leather; and a trade in wine, corn, live stock. Good poultry is got here. Conveyances to St. Etienne-du-Bois, Coligny, Lonsle-Saulnier, &c. From Bourg, through the forest of Seillon, to La Vavrette (6 miles). Pass the Surand, a branch of the Ain, to Pont d'Ain (5 miles), on the Ain, here crossed by a suspension bridge. On Mont Olivet (about 1,000 feet high) is an old castle of the dukes of Savoy. Pop. 1,470. Coaches to Neuville, Cerdon, La Cluse, Nantua, St. Claude (see Route 21.) [CERDON (13 kil.) under precipitous mountains, is near the fine fall of Marcelin, close to the old castles of Labatie and St. Jullien; and not far from the great fall of the river Fogue, in a wild spot. NANTUA (19 kil. further), a sous-préfecture, &c., of 3,701 souls, on a lake between the mountains in the Jura chain, having a Lombard church, where Charles the Bold was buried. Fine trout are caught in the lake. Trade in shoes, muslins, woollens, tapes, thread, &c. Hotels.-Du Nord; de L'Ecu (crown piece); d'Angleterre.] Cross the Ain on a six-arch bridge, near a taffeta factory. Ambronay (3 miles), near a Roman fort called, however, Motte Sarrasin. The Gothic church was part of an abbey founded by St. Bernard. Coaches to St. Jean-le-Vieux, Jujurieux. Amberieu (4 miles), at the junction with the direct line from Lyon, (See A, below). Pop. 2,470. An ancient necropolis was laid open in building the station. It stands at the foot of the Jura mountains. The source of the Gardon is at hand, with Allymes castle and St. Denis-le-Chauson tower, near Mont Luisandre, which stands 2,653 feet above sea. Coaches to Lagnieu, Rix, Serrieres, &c. Across the Rhône (to the south) is the large and curious grotto de Balme. [A. The stations towards Lyons are as follows:Leyment (4 miles) in a gorge. Meximieux (5 miles), where four high roadsmeet, under an old castle. Pop. 2,500. It has a good trade. Montluel (8 miles), stands below the ancient Mons Lupelli, on the Séreine, and has part of a Roman way, which went to Lyons, past Miribel, &c. Pop. 2,800 Cloth for the army is made here. It was the capital of Valbonnes. Beynost (2 miles). Miribel (2 miles). Pop. 2,920. Thence to the quai of St. Clair, on the Rhône, and, by a handsome iron viaduct, over to Les Brotteaux, in the suburbs of |