between creed and conduct have been made

Where cha

suffer.

less during past years, but there are racter may some links which nothing can break. It does not matter what a man believes about the planet Mars, but it is important for those with whom he does business that he should believe in the virtue of honesty. His views on the subject of a fourth dimension will not affect his neighbour's life for good or evil, but his views on the social order might turn bliss into misery. there is a species of reflection which is without moral significance; there is another species the effect of which is extremely prejudicial to good life. Mr. W. L. Sheldon says "the tendency A timely is ever on the increase for men who utterance. have become broad in their views, as

And

they shake off former convictions, as they enlarge the scope of their knowledge, in the same degree to sit back as it were in a kind of philosophic calm, leaving the world to take its own course, and find its own way out of its difficulties there is a kind of rationalism that is dangerous to character."* This

...

* International Journal of Ethics, vol. i. p. 226.

is a timely warning from one who has himself adopted broad views. Any gospel which

thrusts a man out of active connection with his fellows should be condemned as Gospels of unsound. A moral result is of greater isolation. importance than an intellectual sanction; and however true a theory may appear to be, it must be judged by its consequences rather than by its symmetry and logical order.

A review of what has been said in this chapter will show that there is need of guarding against two contingencies. Two dangers. The first is that kind of thought which perverts action, such as entertaining a prejudice, and feeding a corrupt imagination; the second

is that kind of thought which destroys Perversion

action, such as the static moodiness and destrucof the sentimentalist, and the inertia

tion.

of him who is content to be a mere spectator. The excellence to be coveted is the thinking which is helpful to action.

In one man it will be an interest in affairs, Covet helpin another a love for the good of fulness. humanity, and in yet another the revealing of Nature's secrets; let it be what it may, so long as it is there and faithfully nurtured,

it will be well with the life of which it is a fundamental constituent. To learn the art of thinking is something; it is more to learn the art of living.

CHAPTER IX

THE COMMERCIAL VALUE OF TRAINED

INTELLIGENCE

"If English business is going to hold its own, it has got fairly to tingle with brains."-M. E. SADLER, M.A., in The King's Weigh House Lectures to Business Men.

THERE are three questions involved in a discussion of this subject: the first is, "What is meant here by Intelligence?" the second, "What is trained Intelligence ?" and the third is, "What are the evidences of its commercial value ?"

(1) It might seem superfluous to occupy any space with the first question, seeing that in the foregoing chapters the thinking what Intellifaculty has already received some atten- gence means. tion. But the general notion of Intelligence is, that it is synonymous with Mind or Brain, and this is not the notion we wish to entertain; in fact, we desire to show that here the word Intelligence means the powers of the mind plus the powers of the senses. In sheer mental acumen few men have surpassed the schoolmen of the Middle Ages, but they could have written almost all they actually did write

135

even if they had been blind, or deaf, or had lost the sense of touch. Their work was confined entirely to the domain of ideas. Now the Intelligence we have to deal with in this connection is not only Brain power, but the power Mind plus of observation, of trained hearing, and the Senses. of a disciplined touch; it is man's facul

ties exercised in such a way as to make him equally alive to things he can see, and to the thoughts he can think. A thinker is usually regarded as an expert in thinking pure and simple, and so far this is right; but that man who evolves ideas out of what he has seen or heard is no less a thinker than the man who evolves them out of the depths of his consciousness. The word Intelligence, therefore, sets forth those powers which we know as the Brain and the Senses, and it is the training of these powers on which we claim there is a distinct commercial value.

(2) As already indicated, the art of thinking has been too narrowly conceived.

Brain culture by means of logic and matheWhat is trained matics is both excellent and necessary; Intelligence? but what is wanted is a greater degree of tuition for the senses of hearing, sight, and other avenues to knowledge. Observation—