In article twenty-fecond Mr. Hazard recommends the parsnip as a plant highly deferving the attention of the farmer. But as his reasoning seems to be entirely hypothetical, and not the refult of experiment, it deferves little notice.

Article twenty-third contains an account of the culture, expences, and produce of potatoes per acre about Ilford, fix miles eaft from London, by Mr. William Braines. Abstract—dung, from fifteen to twenty loads; fets, each one or two eyes; diftance planted, fifteen inches; produce, ten tons, of one hundred and twenty-fix pounds to the hundred weight. This is a small produce, and the culture not worth_imitating.

The obfervations of Mr. James Ellerker on the culture of flax, in the fucceeding article, can ferve no other purpose than to caution those who are in danger of rafhly engaging in the culture of this plant.

The defcription of comb-pot, to be used with pit-coal, by Meffrs. Daniel and Thomas Dyke, in article twenty-fixth, cannot be understood without the plate.

Sir John Anftruther gives an account, in article twentyeighth, of the continuation of his experiments in the drill hufbandry; but, from the inaccuracy of his fervants, he has not been fo fuccefsful this feafon as formerly. However, every experiment seems to fhew that corn-crops, cultivated in narrow drills, can be made to produce in general more than in the broadcart way; though horfe-hoeing does not feem to fucceed well with any kind of culmiferous grain.

Mr. Nehemiah Bartley communicates, in the next article, the refult of his experience with regard to feveral particulars, viz. on deep ploughing; on manuring turnips with foaper's afhes; on the culture of flax; on Jerufalem artichokes; on woad; on coriander feed; on brining feed wheat; on fpring wheat; on recovering smutty wheat; on canary feed; on anife, and on black oats. He approves of deep ploughing on his particular foil; he found foaper's afhes an excellent manure for turnips; the culture of flax he has difcontinued; Jerufalem artichokes he thinks not fo valuable as potatoes, but more certain, and not liable to be hurt by froft; woad and coriander may be reared with profit, where a market for them can be had; with a brine of common falt and water he washes his feed-wheat, and thinks it prevents the smut; we have often known it fail; springwheat he difapproves of; by washing smutty wheat with pure water he made it quite fweet, at the expence of Is. 3d. per fack; its value was thus improved 9s. 7d. per fack; canaryfeed he could not rear with profit; anife feed did not ripen ; potatoes he found yielded a profit of 13. 10s. per acre; black eats he esteems a valuable fort.

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The next article contains an account of a difcovery, as it is faid, by a Mr. Winfor, in Devon, of a cure for the black-rust in wheat. He advises that such rufty wheat should be let stand uncut three weeks or more after the ufual time at which people in general cut fuch wheat. His theory, by which he accounts for the fuccefs of the operation, does not seem to be altogether unexceptionable. But if the practice he recommends fhall be found to answer the wifhed-for end, it will prove an useful discovery; and it may very easily be tried.

Article thirty-firft contains a recipe for making rennet for cheese; and thirty-fecond a recommendation of the culture of parfnips and burnet. This laft, among other good effects attributed to it, is faid to prove a perfect cure for the rot in sheep. But why is our correfpondent anonymous? Thefe lumping affertions from anonymies have a very fufpicious appearance.

We are glad to find that Sir Thomas Beevor has been allowed again to return, after a disagreeable interruption, to the peaceful pursuits of agriculture. He here communicates the refult of various trials of different plants. Under his management the turnip-rooted cabbage continues to appear a valuable article of food for cattle, and, in feveral refpects, poffeffes advantages over turnip; and therefore he warmly recommends the culture of them.

The mangel wurzel, or root of fcarcity, he has tried; and he thinks it has a promifing appearance, though his feeds came too late to enable him to obtain a full crop. The feeds and plants,' fays he, are not, I think, to be distinguished from fome beets; but, in order to afcertain the difference, (if fuch there was), I fowed, on the fame bed of mould, on the fame x day and hour, fome feeds of the real beets, and find that, under ⚫ the fame management, the roots of the scarcity plant are four times as big, and the leaves of it much larger, than the real beets.' This feems very favourable; but we must fufpend our judgment till after further trials. This attentive obferver alfo mentions an extraordinary produce of a particular kind of vetch, which yielded, from two plants, 5964 feeds. But, if it be a perennial plant, as he fufpects, this is nothing very extraordinary.

The following experiment of a comparative trial of seven dif ferent kinds of potatoes deferves to be recorded:

As the champion potatoe has been pretty generally cultivated, an idea of the prolificacy of the different forts may be obtained by comparing them with it. The fifth fort yielded nearly double the produce. This proves that much benefit might be derived from comparative experiments like this.

The articles which follow-on the planting of wafte land, and on the advantage of river weeds as manure, by Mr. John Wagftaffe; and on the importance of rearing timber-trees in the foreft of Dean, by Mr. J. Pavier; are patriotic effufions that deferve to be treated with refpect. The defcription of a machine for communicating motion at a diftance, by Mr. Hornblower; of Mr. Winter's drill machine; and of Mr. Jeffry's drag harrow; cannot be understood without the plates. The atteftations in favour of Mr. Cooke's drill machine have much the appearance of an advertisement; yet the information they afford is of great importance, as it feems to prove, in a very fatisfactory manner, the great benefits that actually have refulted from the practice of planting feeds of corn regularly in narrow drills, fo as to admit of destroying weeds by means of the handhoe, and give us room to hope that, by the help of this and other drills that are, or may be invented, the practice may foon become general; for we are convinced that nothing but the imperfection of the machines that have hitherto been attempted to be introduced for that purpose, or the very high price at which they are fold, have for fome time paft retarded the grefs of this kind of drill husbandry. Mr. George Barnes here announces another drill machine, invented by a Somersetshire farmer; which, with the others, may probably contribute to forward this valuable practice. Competition, in every kind of business, we well know is attended with advantages to fociety.

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We are glad to find that Mifs Henrietta Rhodes has become a correfpondent of this Society. She ftill profecutes her experiments on the rearing of filk-worms; and, with an enthufiafin natural to one in her fituation, warmly endeavours to remove every obftruction to her favourite study. She contends that the rearing of filk-worms is not, as fome have called it, an unhealthful employment. She proposes that a premium fhould be given -to thofe who íhall difcover an easier method of rearing mulberryplants than those that have been hitherto practifed.

The last agricultural communication in this volume is an account of a crop of cabbages, for which a premium of the Bath Society was awarded, by Mr. Henry Vagg. The field confifted of twelve acres; the produce of a part that was planted from feeds fown in March was forty-two tons per acre; that which was produced from plants fown in Autumn yielded fixty

eight.

eight tons per acre. He therefore recommends autumnal fowing 'on all occafions.

The volume concludes with an elegant and elaborate effay on the advantages which perfons employed in agriculture poffefs in point of health, by Dr. Falconer, of Bath; which reflects honour upon him for his benevolent difpofitions, and profeffional skill. But our limits do not permit us particularly to enter upon it.

On the whole, the prefent volume of the Bath Society papers will contribute to fupport the character this publication has already acquired. It contains more experimental inquiries than any of the former; and we hope that, in this line, their correfpondents will daily increase; for it thould never be forgotten that one fact in agriculture, eftablished by fair and accurate experiment, is worth a thousand volumes of ingenious fpeculative reafoning.

ART. V. An Account of fome of the most remarkable Events of the War between the Pruffians, Auftrians, and Ruffians, from 1756 to 1763; and a Treatife on feveral Branches of the Military Art, with Plans and Maps. Tranflated from the fecond Edition of the German Original of 7. G. Tielke, by Captain Craufurd, of the Queen's Regiment of Dragoon Guards, and Captain R. Craufurd, of the 75th Regiment, late of the 101ft. The Second Volume. 8vo. Walter. London, 1788.

THIS work is intended to form a complete treatise on every branch of field fortification, combined with, and adapted to, the principles of tactics. Of the preceding volume we gave an account in our Review for December laft, where we obferved that the author gave a particular and detailed description of the affair at Maxen; treating likewife of the profiles of a pofition, and delineating a method of ascertaining and drawing them. In addition to these great objects of military fcience, he delivered explicit rules for the attack and defence of unfortified heights. The volume now under confideration contains the narrative of the war through the campaign of 1758, including the battle of Zornfdorf, the fiege of Colberg, and a plan propofed by the author for taking that fortrefs by furprise and ftorm the following winter. In the journal of this campaign we meet with fome particulars relative to the Ruffian soldiers, which are worthy of notice :

The Ruffian foldiers receive grain inftead of bread, which they grind, or rather bruife, in hand-mills. Every tent has one of thefe mills. When they have thus prepared it, they put it into a tub, or, in cafe of neceffity, into a hole dug in the earth, with a cloth spread

in it: they then make it into a dough with water, which they divide into small loaves, or rather cakes. Having done this, they dig a hole in the face of a hill, or in a ridge, in the form of a half-globe, with a vent at top; in this they make a large fire, and when it is thoroughly heated, after having taken out the afhes. they put in the cakes, and let them remain until they are half baked: they cannot bake them thoroughly at once; and when they take them out they are always quite moist in the infide, and not fit to eat. They next break or cut them into small pieces, and dry them well in the fun, or, which is more common, bake them a fecond time.

• This biscuit, if one may call it fo, looks like the burnt mortar that comes out of an oven; and it requires good teeth, and better gums to chew it; which latter, indeed, often bleed in the operation; they feldom, however, eat it without bruifing it, and making it into a porridge, with boiling water, falt, and a spoonful of flour. If they are short of buifcuit, and have not time to bake, they make this porridge with the raw flour. Our foldiers, who are used to better living, would not relish this fort of food; the Ruffian is not only content with it, but he will undergo hunger, and the greatest hardships, without murmuring, if he is told that the emprefs has ordered it, and that he pleases her in thus obeying her commands. Desertion is a thing hardly known amongst them. What may not be undertaken with fuch troops !'

Our author obferves that, in the laft war with the Turks, the Ruffians fhewed that they were improved in manoeuvring; but he has been told by fome officers of high rank in their army, that they were ftill not perfect, and that this was the reason why they always either formed in a fquare, or chofe a po fition where the nature of the ground completely fecured their flanks and rear; which, indeed, would moft probably deprive them of a poffibility of retreating. It is therefore remarked by the tranflators that circumftances will feldom justify a deviation from the established rule of not occupying a pofition from which there is not a fafe retreat.

To this intelligent military author it appears to be one of the moft difadvantageous circumftances in the Ruffian army that they have no light infantry. This deficiency renders their light cavalry nearly useless in fkirmishes with the German troops; and indeed in reconnoitring, which is almoft the only ufe that can be made of fuch troops as the Ruffian light cavalry are, they are always obliged to ftop for want of light infantry, when they meet with very interfected, woody, and marfhy fituatio is, into which cavalry cannot venture. The enemy likewife may with fafety send out light parties against the Ruffians, far infe rior in number to theirs, if they are compofed partly of light infantry. Even their huffars, who are brave and well mounted, cannot do any thing against infantry, because they are not accuftomed ENG. REV. VOL. XII. OCT. 1788.

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