side of the Declaration, 267; John Dickinson, 268; John Hancock (the Scott picture), 270; (a German picture), 271; Charles Thomson, 272; Fac-simile THE STRUGGLE FOR THE HUDSON. George W. Cullum ILLUSTRATIONS: Mortier House, on Richmond Hill, Washington's Headquarters, 276; Lord Howe, 277; General Sir William Howe, 278; Lord Stirling, 280; Roger Morris House, Washington's Harlem Headquarters, 284; Autograph of Knyphausen, 289; Portrait and Autograph of Burgoyne, 292; another Por- trait, 293; Lord George Germain, 295; General Arthur St. Clair, 297; Auto- graph of General Schuyler, 297; General John Stark, 301; General Horatio Gates, 302; General Horatio Gates, with Autograph, 303; Sir Henry Clin- ton, Portraits and Autograph, 306, 307; General George Clinton, 308; Fac- simile of Burgoyne's Letter to Gates, 310; Rude contemporary Cuts of ILLUSTRATIONS: Plan of Fort Montgomery, 324; Chain at Fort Montgomery, 324; Plan of Constitution Island, 325; Plans of the Battle of Long Island, 327, 328; Ratzer's smaller Map of New York City, 332; Johnston's Map of New York Island (1776), 335; the Sauthier-Faden Plan of Campaign round New York (1776), 336; Fort Washington and Dependencies, 339; the Sauthier-Tryon Map of New York Province (1774), 340; the Present 275 THE STRUGGLE FOR THE DELAWARE. -PHILADELPHIA UNDER HOWE AND UNDER . ILLUSTRATIONS: Charles Lee, 369; his Autograph, 370; Fac-simile of an Appeal EDITORIAL NOTES 367 403 Campaign of 1777, 414; Galloway's Map, 415; General Sir William Howe, THE TREASON OF ARNOLD. The Editor. ILLUSTRATIONS: Portraits of Benedict Arnold, 447, 448, 449; Arnold's Com- 447 THE WAR IN THE SOUTHERN DEPARTMENT. Edward Channing . ILLUSTRATIONS: View of Charlestown, S. C., 471; Fac-simile of General Moultrie's Order, 471; Fac-simile of Commodore Whipple's Letter, 472; General Ben- jamin Lincoln, Portrait and Autograph, 473; Portraits of Cornwallis, 474, 475; Portrait of General .Gates, 476; Lord Rawdon, 489; Kosciusko, 492; Steuben, 497; Portrait and Autograph of Rochambeau, 498; Autographs of French Officers, 500; Portraits of Comte de Grasse, 502, 503; his Auto- graph, 502; Fac-simile of Articles of Capitulation at Yorktown, 505; Nelson ILLUSTRATIONS: Map of Siege of Savannah (1779), 521; Plan of Charleston (1780), 526; Siege of Charleston, 528; Battle of Camden, 531; Gates's Defeat, 533; Battle of Guildford, 540; Map of Cape Fear River, 542; Action at Hobkirk's Hill, 543; Diagram of the Naval Action of De Grasse, 548; Plans of the Yorktown Campaign, 550, 551, 552. EDITORIAL NOTES ON EVENTS IN THE NORTH ILLUSTRATIONS: Hessian Map of the Hudson Highlands, 556; Stoney Point, 557; Verplanck's Point, 557; Faden's Plan of Stony Point, 558; Paulus THE NAVAL HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION. Edward E. Hale Captain John Barry, 581; Fac-simile of Captain Tucker's Parole at Charles- 563 ILLUSTRATIONS: Paul Jones, 592; Richard Pearson, 593; Count D'Estaing, 594, 595; his Autograph, 595; Plan of the Siege of Newport, 596; Blaskowitz's Plan of Newport, 597; Sullivan's Campaign Map, 598; View of the Fight on Rhode Island, 599; Lafayette's Map of Narragansett Bay, 600; his Plan of the Campaign on Rhode Island, 603; Autograph of General Solomon ILLUSTRATIONS: Guy Johnson's Map of the Country of the Six Nations, 609; Joseph Thayendaneken (Brant), 623; Brant, by Romney, 625; his Autograph, 625; St. Leger's Order of March, 628; Peter Gansevoort, 629; the Butler THE WEST, FROM THE TREATY OF PEACE WITH FRANCE, 1763, TO THE TREATY OF PEACE WITH ENGLAND, 1783. William Frederick Poole. ILLUSTRATIONS: Henry Bouquet, 692; Plan of Bushy Run Battle, 693; Bou- quet's Council with the Indians, 695; Bouquet's Campaign Map, 696; Map of the Illinois Country, 700; Ruins of Magazine at Fort Chartres, 703; Daniel Boone, 707; Plan of Kaskaskia, 717; Lieutenant Ross's Map of the Mississippi, 721; Fac-simile of Colonel Clark's Summons to Governor Ham- THE CLOSING SCENES OF THE WAR. The Editor. 744 ILLUSTRATIONS: Captain Asgill, 745; Fraunce's Tavern in New York, 747. NARRATIVE AND CRITICAL HISTORY OF AMERICA. CHAPTER I. THE REVOLUTION IMPENDING. BY MELLEN CHAMBERLAIN, Librarian Boston Public Library. HE American Revolution was no unrelated event, but formed a part of the history of the British race on both continents, and was not without influence on the history of mankind. As an event in British history, it wrought with other forces in effecting that change in the Constitution of the mother country which transferred the prerogatives of the crown to the Parliament, and led to the more beneficent interpretation of its provisions in the light of natural rights. As an event in American history, it marks the period, recognized by the great powers of Europe, when a people, essentially free by birth and by the circumstances of their situation, became entitled, because justified by valor and endurance, to take their place among independent nations. Finally, as an event common to the history of both nations, it stands midway between the Great Rebellion and the Revolution. of 1688, on the one hand, and the Reform Bill of 1832 and the extension of suffrage in 1884, on the other, and belongs to a race which had adopted the principles of the Reformation and of the Petition of Right. The American Revolution was not a quarrel between two peoples, - the British people and the American people, but, like all those events which mark the progress of the British race, it was a strife between two parties, the conservatives in both countries as one party, and the liberals in both countries as the other party; and some of its fiercest battles were fought in the British Parliament. Nor did it proceed in one country alone, but in both countries at the same time, with nearly equal step, and was essentially the same in each, so that at the close of the French War, if all the people of Great Britain had been transported to America and put in control of American affairs, and all the people of America had been transported to Great Britain and put in control of British affairs, the American Revolution and the contemporaneous British Revolution for there was a contemporaneous British Revolution - might have gone on just the |