h, was in the possession of the rebels. Amidst these hardd advanced but slowly, and were scarcely able, on the 22d see the opposite shores of the basin. We soon entered s of the stream, between islands where the vegetation pre pleasing. Nothing yet indicated the vicinity of a great city, for the majestic forests s rose from the mirrors of the the same virgin beauty and stillness as in the distant and shores of the Peruvian Maranon. Morning at length he report of a cannon rolled over the surface of the water, eded at regular intervals, and the melodious sound of many ded, and announced to us the long-wished-for secure asyand the morning of Easter Sunday. The light mist sunk er, and the beams of the rapidly rising sun illumined the f houses of the well-built city. Some ships of war and erchantmen formed the foreground of the beautiful picture; of my n native Europe, as if to welcome her son on his so many dangers, slowly unfolded their gay colours in the eze. continent was goal was attained; and a look of gratitude was raised to ith a mighty hand, had guided the solitary wanderer, where nd human pity would have been sought in vain.

s in that state of excitement and party hatred which had y times led to bloodshed, and was therefore very far from uiet abode. The friendly care of Messrs. John Hesketh, nd Campbell, in conjunction with a more regular way of life, so much to restore my strength, that I was able, at the ften days, to exchange the noisy city for the more agreen Colares, a little fishing village near the sea coast. Almost s passed in waiting for a ship bound for the Netherlands. last period was, for many reasons, less productive than the furnished some additions to my collections, especially in which, however, were unfortunately partly destroyed in a the voyage, and partly by a stray bomb of the French at here they had been left for the winter in the care of a Soon after my arrival in Colares, some painful hours were e death of my faithful dog Pastor, who had courageously me for five years, from Valparaiso to the coast of Brazil, storms of the ocean and ean and the hurricanes of snow-covered had been always a cheerful and welcome companion on ls and in dark forests; had faithfully shared joy, and dance and poverty; and now, at the end of the journey, he effects of the last sufferings. Bitter tears fell upon the an orange-tree overshadowed, and which received the nal, to whom, after the lapse of years, the emotion and his former master here erect a perishable monument.

46

Poeppig's Travels in Chili, Peru,

America, the land of wonders, which, as it had many years received the novice on the shores of the West Indies, in the full dour of the tropical morning, now dismissed him in friendly rep the evening twilight. The unclouded sun sunk with accel rapidity in the horizon, and his last beams fell on the distant li the primeval forest, which here covers the flat coast of Brazil e the sea. Night at length drew over all her slow and gradual the continent had vanished, and reminiscences alone remained fairest fruits of past enjoyments."

1

Thus then we have accompanied our traveller in his long often perilous wanderings; we have seen him bear, with uni rupted equanimity, fatigues, hardships, dangers, and total s sion from human society, supported by his admiration of magnificent evidences of creative power, which, in those so of wonder and astonishment, so forcibly impel the contempl. mind "to look through nature up to nature's God." We conceived his enthusiasm, for though we have not had the tune to visit personally the scenes which he describes, we listened with delight to a Humboldt, to a Martius, and o adventurous explorers of these continents, whose labours I made us better acquainted with the inmost recesses of th regions, than with some countries nearer home. We have times indulged in Elysian dreams of some future age; when hand of man shall have disarmed nature of her terrors, with despoiling her of her magnificence; when civilization, shall h spread its blessings, without its evils, and the temples of a p religion shall have taken the place of the hut of the savage: of the tiger's den. But these Utopian visions have been soon dispelled by truth's unpitying beam, which has revealed us a far different prospect. We behold with a conviction wh no arguments can weaken, with a vividness of perception whi no efforts of our own can soften, the certainty of an impendi and tremendous conflict between the white, the negro, the c loured, and the Indian population, the fearful nature of which is as easy to foresee as it is awful to contemplate. Such is al the opinion of Dr. Poeppig, who, in his account of Chili, h the following observations:

"No country in America enjoys, to such a degree as Chili, t advantages which a state derives from an homogeneous population an the absence of castes. If this young republic rose more speedily tha any of the others from the anarchy of the revolutionary struggl and has attained a high degree of civilization and order, with a rapdity of which there is no other example in this continent, it is chiefl indebted for those advantages to the circumstance, that there ar extremely few people of colour among its citizens. Those various transitions of one race into the other are here unknown, which

find it so difficult to distinguish, and which, in countries like st lead, sooner or later, to a dreadful war of extermination,

and Columbia will defer to a period indefinitely remote hment of general civilization. *** If it is a great evil for have two very different races of men for its citizens, the ecomes general, and the most dangerous collisions ensue, in unavoidable mixture, races arise which belong to neither in general inherit all the vices of their parents, but very of their virtues. If the population of Peru consisted of es and Indians, the situation of the country would be less calm observer. Destined, an it must now appear to every m by Nature herself, to exist on the earth as a race, for a iod only, the Indians, both in the north and south of this ent, in spite of all the measures which humanity dictates, ng extinct with equal rapidity, and in a few centuries will Whites the undisputed possession of the country. With s the case is different; they have found in America a couns even more congenial to their nature than the land of their hat their numbers are almost everywhere increasing, in a culated to excite the most serious alarm. In the same as they multiply, and the white population is no longer y frequent supplies from the Spanish peninsula, the people likewise become more numerous. Hated by the dark trusted by the white father, they look on the former with on the latter with an aversion, which circumstances only ut which is insuperable, as it is founded on a high degree ride. All measures suggested by experience and policy, if gamate the heterogeneous elements of the population, yet em so that they might subsist together without collision, ute in common to the preservation of the machine of the proved fruitless. *** The late revolutions have made in this respect. The hostility, the hatred, of the many asses will continue a constant check to the advancement full of danger to the prosperity of the individual citizens, s the ground of the extinction of entire nations. The must sooner or later befall the greater part of tropical ich is filled with negro slaves, which will deluge the faires of Brazil with blood, and convert them into a desert, ivilized white man will never again be able to establish y not indeed afflict Peru and Columbia to the same extent; Suntries will always suffer from the evils resulting from ce of an alien race. If such a country as the United itself checked and impeded by its proportionably less preack population; and if there, where the wisdom and power rnment are supported by public spirit, remedial measures in vain; how much greater must be the evil in countries where the supine character of the Whites favours incessant where the temporary rulers are not distinguished either for real patriotism, and the infinitely rude Negro possesses

48

Poeppig's Travels in Chili, Peru, &c.

only brutal strength, which makes him doubly dangerous in countries, where morality is at so low an ebb? He and hi descendant, the Mulatto, joined the white Peruvian, to exp Spaniards, but would soon turn against their former allies, wer not at present kept back by want of moral energy and educ But the Negro and the man of colour, far more energetic than the Creole, will in time acquire knowledge, and a way of thinking th place them on a level with the Whites, who do not advance in the proportion, so as to maintain their superiority."

we

When we consider all these circumstances, when Buenos Ayres even now harassed by perpetual wars with Indians, when we think of the frightful crimes that have alr taken place at Pará, we cannot but anticipate the conseque that must ensue, if the Negroes should rise in a general in rection, and be joined by the native Indians. We wonde the blind infatuation of the Brazilians, who, in defiance of own laws, still import 100,000 new slaves every year from Afr and we feel our minds depressed by the melancholy persuas that the future fate of these fine countries will prove even m tremendous, than the awful denunciation which threatens to the sins of the fathers upon the children, even to the third fourth generation.

We must not omit to mention, with due commendation, sixteen striking views of the scenery of the Andes, which acco pany this interesting work.

ART. II.-1. Lex Romana Burgundionum: ex Jure Romano Germanico illustravit August. Frideric. Barkow, J. U. Docto et in Universitate Literaria Gryphiswaldensi Antecesso Gryphiswaldiæ. 1826. 8vo.

2. Corpus Legum, sive Brachylogus Juris Civilis: ad fide quattuor codicum scriptorum et principum editionum emendavi commentarios criticos, locorum similium annotationem, notitian litterariam, indicesque adjecit, ineditam incerti scriptoris Epi tomen Juris Civilis, medio duodecimo sæculo factam, ex codic Tubingensi edidit Eduardus Böcking, Juris utriusque Doctor et in Universitate Frider. Guil. Rhenana E. O. Professo Publicus. Berolini. 1829. 8vo.

3. Lex Dei, sive Mosaicarum et Romanarum Legum Collatio: e codicibus manuscriptis Vindobonensi et Vercellensi, nuper repertis, auctam atque emendatam edidit, notis indicibusque illustravit Fridericus Blume, Hamburgensis, in Academia Georgia

Antecessor, Magn. Brit. Hannoveræque Regi ab Ons. Bonnæ. 1833. Svo.

ones Dominorum, sive Controversia veterum Juris Roerpretum qui Glossatores vocantur: edidit et adnotaEllustravit Gustavus Haenel, Lipsiensis. Insunt anous Collectio, Rogerii Dissensiones Dominorum, Codicis Collectio, Hugolini Diversitates sive Dissensiones Dosuper toto Corpore Juris Civilis; quibus adcedunt e Rogerii Summa Codicis, Hugolini Distinctionibus ionum Collectionibus. Omnia præter Rogerii Dissennc primum e codicibus edita, et indicibus rerum, gloslegum, glossarum instructa. Lipsia. 1834. Svo.

our and enthusiasm with which the study of the civil prosecuted in Germany, these four publications afford of. In what other country would the same books ole editors, or indeed any editors whatsoever; and in country would they have found publishers? Here we sented with the precious reliques of the classical civich writers as Caius, Ulpian, and Paulus, but with meless writers of the lower and middle ages. Every mnant of ancient jurisprudence, however mutilated or attracts the eager attention of the learned jurists with country so conspicuously abounds: they possess sufstry, as well as sufficient skill, to separate the gold oss; and, from the most unpromising materials, from practised eyes might appear a heap of rubbish, they extricate fragments of no inconsiderable value. It is e noted that men of erudition have their own peculiar in which the uninitiated cannot participate, and of cannot form an adequate conception; nor is it very ceive that Haubold or Hänel may have been as much with the Dissensiones Dominorum, as any slender the most bepuffed of all the novels that have issued etropolitan shop. We must certainly admit that the nt is neither identical nor similar; but different palates by dishes of the most dissimilar flavour.h here described as Lex Romana Burgundionum was inted under the perplexing and unappropriate title of ber Responsorum," and under that title it has geneuoted and recognized. In the year 1566, it was first y Cujacius, who subjoined it to his edition of the Code. The name of Papianus was utterly unknown Is of jurisprudence; nor does the book contain the