with further right of appeal to the Lords of Privy Council. But Dr Robert Gray says that, for his part, he, sitting in conclave with the Bishop of Grahamstown and Doctor Twells, can deprive a Bishop of his office, because he, Gray, is Metropolitan of something different from the Church of England, namely, the Church of South Africa. And Dr Colenso replies in effect, Very well, go out and do what you will in your separate Church of South I belong to no denomination of dissenting Churches, but am of the Church of England, share its privileges, and believe that I obey its laws. Africa. In the case of Long v. the Bishop of Capetown, the Privy Council has laid down the principle that in the case of any clergyman "the oath of canonical obedience does "not mean that the clergyman will obey all the commands "of the Bishop against which there is no law, but that he "will obey all such commands as the Bishop by law is "authorized to impose." Dr Colenso denies that Dr Gray, whatever he may be able to do as independent Pope of a separate Church of South Africa, is by law authorized to sit in judgment upon and depose a Bishop holding the See of Natal by letters patent of the Crown co-ordinate with and antecedent to his own. It is only for the settlement of this question of jurisdiction that Dr Colenso defers his return to Natal. "And," he says, -the "Sentence ”. it, which is at least uncertain, &c." to be "in union and full communion with the United Church of ecclesiastical despotism, the yoke of which it is now sought to angry clamour than was raised upon the occasion of Captain ecclesiastical tradition. CASE OF MR BEWICKE. Captain Kennedy will, however, have on his side, besides his brethren addicted to hazardous short cuts, all who have been crying out for a light on the Daunt at the public expense, and foremost of them Mr Maguire, the Mayor of Cork. This gentleman has written a long letter to the Times on the subject, in which he presumes not a little on the general ignorance of nautical matters. He does not scruple to say "the rock is an ocean rock, and should be "guarded against at the cost of the nation, and not at the "cost of the nearest port." As well might the Mew Stene at Plymouth, or the Corbierre at Jersey, be called ocean rocks. A sense of justice in a majority of the House of Commons has extorted the concession of a Select Committee to inquire into the extent of loss and injury unrighteously inflicted under the forms of law on Mr William Bewicke, and to report how far he ought to be compensated for the same. When the case was last year brought forward by Mr Henry Berkeley, Government succeeded in getting rid of the It is possible that the "Sentence" of the Ecclesiastical Court at claim, partly by questioning in some particulars its validity, Capetown may be found to be illegal, and null and void, without the and partly by what in forensic slang is called "working the The rock, far from being an ocean rock, is a rock hardly "merits of the case" being discussed at all. Even the Bishop of "point," of precedent. The victim of Mr Justice Keatinge's a mile from Robert's Head, and quite out of the ocean track, Capetown himself appears to have still some doubt as to the lawfulness of his claim to exercise jurisdiction in the case, since he says in erroneous judgment had, it was said, himself to blame, or indeed of any track of shipping except that of vessels because he had not employed counsel at the trial; as if the from the west hugging the land to make Cork by the inner "If there were reason to think that jurisdiction in a legal sense exercise of his undoubted right to rely upon his conscious channel. A direct line from the Head of Kinsale would was not conveyed by the formal instruments which profess to give innocency, and to contemn resort to three-guinea quibbles clear the rock to seaward, but the inner channel would be Yet this course of procceding is not that which I most earnestly which any scoundrel may have the benefit of by paying for the shorter cut to a ship which had got too close in with desire. I shall be most thankful if some way is pointed out, by them, constituted any moral or intelligible answer to the the land, which was probably the case of the City of New which the charges made against me may be investigated before a heinous wrong inflicted upon him. Of a truth the faculty York. competent legal tribunal, so that justice may be administered, between of reasoning on the theory or practice of rewards and And while Mr Maguire is crying out for a light, or for me and my prosecutors, according to the laws of the Church of punishments seems to be specially denied to the function- the removal of the rock, he declares that the trade of Cork England, without the interference of religious party-spirit and prejudice. There are other grave objections, as I am advised, that might aries of the Home Office. We have repeatedly had is not in any way inconvenienced by the rock. And this be taken to the legality of the Bishop of Capetown's "Sentence," to expose their incapacity in this respect where life is doubtless true, for seamen of ordinary prudence, knowing independently of those which concern the question of "jurisdiction." and death was in the balance. They would, however, where the rock is, and that its mark cannot be distinI should not, however, allow any mere technical objections to be urged on my behalf, either if there was a prospect, by waiving them, appear desirous of showing consistent ineptitude in other guished at night, take care to give it a wide berth to the of bringing the case to be discussed " upon its merits" before the cases as well; and unless the Civil Service Com- northward. highest tribunals, where the laws of equity would be maintained, missioners shall in their wisdom require that hence- Mr Maguire complains that the buoy is too small, and and the precedents of previous decisions would be observed, or if forth the Home Secretary and his subordinates shall pass asks for a larger one with a bell on it,-a reasonable any judgment of those tribunals had been already recorded, which conan examination in logic before being entrusted with the request certainly. And it has, therefore, been recommended demned distinctly the views which I have advanced. But so far is this hangman's rope and the jailer's key, we tremble to think by the President of the Board of Trade. from being the case, that decisions of the Court of Arches and the Privy Council have actually been given on no less than four of the of the curious cruelties of inconsecutive caprice to which As for a light, if Cork be content to pay for it, there charges brought against me, and given in direct contradiction to the the community may yet be exposed. The other pre- can be no objection; provided four lights within the compass "Sentence" of the Bishop of Capetown. text for not making reparation to an innocent man for the of two or three leagues be not likely to perplex more than One of the other charges found against Dr Colenso by damage and detriment he had endured through the per- to guide. There are at present three lights, one off the Doctors Gray, Cotterill, and Twells was "depravation of the verted forms of law, was the alleged danger of the practice Old Head of Kinsale, another on Roche's Point, a third on prayer-book," evidence of that being found in the desire being drawn into precedent. That risk may furnish Ballycotton; and the addition of a fourth on Daunt's Rock to amend certain passages; a charge that might be proved an excellent motive for improving our mode of crimi- might cause mistakes, for in a multitude of lights there is in the same way as ground for the deprivation of the Arch-nal procedure in certain respects relative to the disposal not safety to navigators. It may be that a light on the bishop of Canterbury, who has declared from his place in of property confiscated for the payment of penalties, and Daunt could be clearly distinguished from the others, and Parliament that he cannot and will not use a certain por- suggest the providing without further delay of a court if so, and Cork likes to pay for it, there can be no objection; tion of the Liturgy. of criminal appeal; for with such safeguards against but the question is altogether local both as one of pilotage the shape it now assumes. injustice the case of Mr Bewicke could never have arisen in and of expense. But here again we must demur We lately remarked, on the occasion of the grounding to the un-reason of the Home Office, though arrayed in all of the Magpie, that there was hardly a shoal in the British the dignity and circumstance of executive authority. If waters with which the bottoms of her Majesty's ships it be true, as we have so often heard, that it is better ten had not made intimate acquaintance. They love to try guilty men should escape punishment than that one un- absolute conclusions, and to prove which is hardest. They offending man should suffer, then we say it is better that have thumped against every sand in the vicinity of Portsonce in every seven years the Treasury of the empire should mouth-the Dean, the Horse, the Kicker and now the St make good the injury inflicted by a wrongful sentence, Vincent, a three-decker, is hard and fast, almost water-sued, than that every year the Auditor of the Exchequer should on a bank in the very middle of Portsmouth harbour. This be able to certify that of the 70,000,000. that passes misfortune happened to her in a voyage of more than under his hand in account not a shilling has been paid save for value of some sort received. But we are not left to infer from his manner of dealing with Dr Colenso the sort of Papacy to which Bishop Gray is aspiring. On the day before he delivered sentence against the Bishop of Natal, he and his three Bishops, Cotterill, Twells, and Tozer - Twells and Tozer being Missionary Bishops of his own creation-formed themselves into a Synod and laid down certain Resolutions, in which they declare expressly that— "Inasmuch as this Church is not, as the Church in England, by law established,' and inasmuch as the laws of England have by treaty no force in this Colony, those laws, which have been enacted by statute for the English Church as an Establishment, do not apply to, and are not binding upon, the Church in South Africa." And further they say: Undismayed by his first failure to obtain redress, Mr "This Synod considers that the final Court of Appeal, constituted by Act of Parliament for the Established Church of England, is not Berkeley renewed his motion the other day for an address a Court of Appeal in ecclesiastical causes for the un-Established to the Crown, praying that compensation might be made Church in this Colony; and therefore this Synod declares that, while to Mr Bewicke for the pecuniary loss and the anguish of the Church in this Province is bound by, and claims as its inheritance, mind he had suffered under a sentence of imprisonment on the Standards and Formularies of the Church of England, it is not bound by any interpretations put upon those Standards by existing Eccle- a false charge of firing with intent to kill. The same siastical Courts in England, or by the decisions of such Courts in matters obvious arguments were used in support of the motion, and of faith." The South African Pope of the dissident Church thus established may, with help of the missionary Bishops who are his nominees, make that doctrine unlawful in the Church of South Africa which is lawful in the Church of England. No adherence to mere formularies would cover this separation of the two Churches in actual doctrine and discipline. To this new South African communion there is no reason, observes Dr Colenso, why men should not belong, three hundred yards, for it was not in human skill,-such as human skill is in Royal Navy pilotage,-to shift her berth from one side to the other of the narrow harbour without coming to grief. FROM YOUR TENTS, O ISRAEL! It will soon be penal not to keep a gig. At any rate, if the same feeble excuses were set up against it. The our country justices can manage it for us, we shall rapidly House by a majority of two decided in favour of the be pushed on to that high state of national respectability. address; but Mr Gladstone having come to the rescue of The other day an old man was condemned by a reverend Sir George Grey, a majority in the opposite sense was magistrate at Rochester to imprisonment and hard labour carried a few minutes afterwards, amid an interchange of for sleeping in the shadow of a haystack. Now we read angry remonstrances and recriminations. So strong, how-that on the 3rd of May, at Hayle, in Cornwall, seven ever, was the general feeling on both sides that for very gipsies, namely, a mother and her six children, were decency something must be done, that Ministers were glad charged before the Reverend Uriah Tonkin with having to propose as a sort of compromise the appointment of a slept under tents, and for that offence were all committed Select Committee; and this was eventually agreed to. It by the Reverend Uriah Tonkin to twenty-one days' imwill depend, of course, upon the constitution of the com-prisonment in the county gaol. Here there is evident proProvided only that they did not claim to receive incomes from the mittee and the attendance of its independent members how gress in the course of justice-made law. Three weeks ago colonial or military departmente, as clergy of the "United Church of England and Ireland," or expect to be allowed to minister in far the proposed reparation shall be carried; and pending it became penal to sleep beside a haystack; now it has Cathedrals and other Churches, built on sites expressly given by the its deliberations it is not for us to press the matter further become penal to sleep under a tent. In a few months Government, to the respective Bishops, "in trust for the English For the present we content ourselves with congratulating some other Reverend and Worshipful Uriah will have Church." It would remain also to be seen whether the "Sosiety for the House on having taken one step at least in the right made it penal to sleep under thatch; which indeed the Propagation of the Gospel," which professes to represent in its entirety the National Church, would consider itself at liberty to direction, and on having had the courage in a good cause causes a house to partake somewhat of the nature of supply funds for the support of Clergy who would be compelled, to rise above the influence of a mere superstition about a haystack; or in a fourth-class tenement with thin walls, that in its flimsiness, and in the freedom with which winds under fear of censure or deprivation, to teach the dogmas which from precedent. blow into it, partakes a good deal of the nature of a tent. So we shall soon have the police down upon all rascals below the grade of the twenty-pound householder. The twenty-pound householder himself will next have to The certificate of Captain Kennedy, of the City of New be looked to, and so we shall advance to that happy millenUniversal, as understood and explained by himself,]-while there is months. Such is the result of the inquiry at Cork. The hanged for having a hole in his breeches, and the widow [not the teaching of the Church of England, but of the Church York, wrecked upon Daunt's Rock, is suspended for eight nium of high clerical justice, when Lazarus shall be none against the express language of the Articles and Formularies." time to time might be enunciated by a "Synod" of Bishops meeting WRECK OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. I would say, then, to those among you who are disposed to listen justice of the sentence will of course be disputed by the who has only two mites, shall hang with him. Then to my advice: "Take no part in supporting this system of shipmasters, and we may expect even a louder and more shall it be transportation for a man to want meat to his Correspondence. THE FINANCES OF MEXICO AND THE NEW LOAN. THE LITERARY EXAMINER. Another Blow for Life. By George Godwin, F.R.S., Author of London Shadows,' Town Swamps and Social Bridges,' Editor of the Builder, etc. etc. etc. Assisted by Mr John Brown. With Forty-one Illustrations. W. H. Allen and Co. bread, and pudding to his meat. For behold Uriah, he is charges which the establishment of the new Court will cause reverend, he comforteth us, his law smiteth the poor, his to press heavily on the country, or of the expenses resulting judgment speaketh comfortably to us of that golden time from the maintenance of an army destined to guarantee the whereunto justice's justice leads the way. And in that throne of the Emperor against the probable revolts of his day the rascal who rides in an omnibus, if his reason be subjects, or of those which will arise after the departure of that he has not a coach of his own to ride in, shall be sent the 8,000 men of the Foreign Legion, and the 6,000 of the the French troops, of the creation of special corps, such as to the House of Correction, and they shall be the Ton- Austrian and Belgian Legions; I desire to confine myself kins and not the Cades who make it felony to drink within the fact which results from the necessities incurred small beer. by the new Government from the expenses of the French "Lately," says Mr Godwin, "the people of Great expedition and the consequences of the last loan; and, I ask, "Britain have been so violently excited by death in the what are the resources by means of which it hopes to meet" work-room amongst satins and flowers, death in the the interest on the sum of 36,227,856 pounds sterling, and in "mothers' arms, and death in the dank cellar; by death the course of five years create, as it has engaged to do, a "in Regent street, death in Clerkenwell, and death in sinking fund of 1 per cent. towards the reduction of the "Bethnal green, all premature and unnecessary, that they nominal capital of the last loan. The sole resource of the country for meeting all these can scarcely require many more violent impulses to lead Sir, The Mexican debt, which supplied the Powers that demands, consists in the revenues of a budget which pro- the repetition of such horrors,-to stop the involuntary "them to take any steps that may be necessary to prevent signed the London Convention with the ostensible motive duces, one year with another, a sum of about 4,500,000Z. "suicide and unintentional murder now daily and hourly for intervening in the affairs of that country, is divided into sterling, nearly half of which, say 2,000,000l., arose, before two parts which must not be confounded with each other. the present war, out of the customs' dues and the merchan-"committed in the very centres of civilization." Many It consists of the Home and the Foreign debt. The first is dize imported from abroad. The rest, say 2,500.000l., was fresh and very violent impulses do, indeed, seem to be needed composed of capital borrowed, in the country itself, of its the produce of the taxes paid to the Central Government by before the English public will fully take account of and own people, in conformity with conventions stipulated and the States which formed part of the Federation. seek to improve the sanitary condition both of London and freely consented to by the several parties themselves; while But if we reflect that, since the occupation of the country of other places, town and country. Some such impulse the second, which now forms the subject of discussion, relates by the French, the import dues have sensibly diminished, only to the obligations contracted between the Government that there exist no relations between the new Government ought, however, to be given by Mr Godwin's very of Mexico and the English, Spanish, and French. and the States of the centre of the Republic except those truthful and very eloquent volume. It appeared some This debt at the commencement of the intervention, had arising from force, that such frontier States as Nueve Leon, weeks ago; but this is the fittest week for calling reached the enormous sum of 80,331,445 of Mexican piastres, California, Oaxaca, Guerrero, &c., have not yet recognised the beautify the country and give health to its crops are also Cohahuila, Durango, Chichuahua, Sonora, Sinaloa, Lower attention to it, when the early summer rains that are to which, reckoning five piastres to the pound, makes about 16,066,289 pounds sterling, and is divided as follows: empire and probably never will recognise it,-and that even supplying evil strength to the pent-up vapours and in those States which appear for the moment to have sub- accumulated dirt of the winter in poor and crowded mitted to the new order of things, tranquillity is constantly dwelling places all over the land; and when, moreover, disturbed by the guerillas who interrupt commerce every- London is full of the bluster of May-meeting benewhere, it will readily be understood that the general situation volence. If the expensive and extravagant machinery of of the country is far from being favourable to the loan, and The English debt, including the claims of the Convention The French debt, the Jecker claim not included The Spanish debt Total Mexican Piastres. 69,994,542 875,917 9,460,986 80,331,445 Pounds sterling. 13,998,908 16,066,289 that it is not without motive that the French Government missionary work just now being paraded in Exeter Hall has compelled the new Emperor to lodge in the "Caisse des and elsewhere has any practical and profitable result, by depôts et consignation" at Paris the sum of 921,570 pounds all means let it be carried on in the best way its promoters sterling, to be deducted in the first instance from the loan of can devise; but it does seem to us most strange and The new Emperor has since changed all this. By a first eight millions which is now being negociated, and applied to lamentable that nearly all the energy of professed philan. decree, dated from the Château de Miramar, on the 10th of the payment of the interest on the bonds of the old English thropists is shown in attempts at the benefiting of far-off April ult., he consolidated, by inscribing them in the Great debt, and that on the Three per Cent. bonds created by virtue people and the attaining of visionary ends. Of the comBook of the Foreign Mexican debt (a "Great Book of the Second Article of the decree of the 10th inst. created for the occasion), the English bonds issued in It is a momentary respite which the wisdom of the French paratively few who apply themselves to social and practical 1851 under the denomination of Mexican Three per Cent. Government has granted to the speculators who have taken reforms at home, most spend their time and money in such New Consolidated Stock; and to this debt bearing interest at upon themselves to support the Mexican debt; but this sum objects as the intemperate encouragement of teetotalism and 3 per cent. he added, by a second decree, dated the same once exhausted the French Government will be responsible the distribution of wildly-written and inconsequent tracts, day, and to enjoy the same advantages, the value of twenty for nothing more, and the bondholders, whether they like it or in the promotion of ragged schools and reformatories, half-yearly coupons due from the 1st of January, 1854, to or not, in the event of misfortune will not be in a position to which, however much good they may do in instructing the the 1st of July, 1863, but not yet paid. The English debt reproach any one. I am, &c., is, by this means, thus composed: London, 4th May, 1864. 3 per cent. an annual interest of 522,797. 17,429,856 But by two other decrees, still dated the same day, the new Government has contracted two fresh loans, one of 8,000,000 pounds sterling, to meet the necessities of the local administration; and the other of 4,365,000l. with the French Government, which has received the bonds in account of what is due to it for the expenses of the war These two loans were contracted at 6 per cent. per, annum. They were issued at the price of 63, 13 per cent. payable immediately, and the rest at intervals, in five equal payments, to be liquidated every two months. But as it is stipulated that the coupon bearing interest at 3 per cent., falling due in October, shall be received in account of the payment to be made that month, it results that the loan is issued at 60 instead of 63, and that the Mexican Government, instead of paying 6 per cent. interest, pays in reality 10 per cent., so that the debt is thus increased by the sum of 12,365,000l. sterling, producing an annual interest of 741,9057., and making the total Finally, the French Government has declared that the expenses of the expedition, up to the 31st December, 1863, inclusive, amount to the sum of 270 millions of francs, or 10,800,000%. sterling, of which it has received, on account, 4,365,000l., which, as we have seen, makes the Mexican Government still indebted to that of France in the sum of 6,435,000l., producing an interest, at 6 per cent., of 386,0951. In this way, the whole reckoning made, the sum total due by the Mexican Government, not including the expenses of the present year nor the latest claims of European subjects, amounts to the enormous figure of 36,229,856 pounds sterling, producing an interest of 1,650,5977. 36,229,856 Interest. E. LEFEVRE. ignorant and turning young culprits into honest paths, are but as feeble efforts to purify some of the channels into which modern degradation is found to flow, while the poisonous fountains themselves run unrestrained. If the O LUD! meeting-goers of Exeter Hall would spend a few hours in Sir,-As it is but too evident that we are to have across exploring some of the hovels within half a mile of their £307,250 Ludgate hill an iron viaduct to carry many lines of railway, favourite place of resort, or if they would stay at home for not only to intercept the view of St Paul's but to frighten a day to read and think seriously over Mr Godwin's book, horses and upset carriages, we must submit as best we can, they might receive some new and startling information, and at least try to render the disfigurement of our most and be encouraged in a line of philanthropy very different public street as little as may be. It is reported that the 153,625 460,875 railway stokers and pokers and the Common Councilmen from that they have been accustomed to consider the best, are prepared with a design that shall render this structure but infinitely more urgent and more certain of success. ornamental. Although wisdom cometh from the East, I Mr Godwin is an old and honoured soldier in the cause anticipate no such result. This can be nothing but a con- of sanitary reform. For many years he has been preaching fessed deformity. Any attempt at decoration will but pro- eloquently and worthily, in books and pamphlets, in newsclaim its ugliness. A woman with no nose and a squint papers and before Social Science Congresses, on the very 5,156 would do herself injustice by adopting a modish bonnet and plain and practical text, "From dirt comes death; " but as 56,766 artificial flowers. No! let it be a plain iron trough, such as he now urges in Another Blow for Life, "the evils pointed its precursor at the Surrey side of London bridge, with no "out, the dangers deplored, unhappily still remain, and he addition, but on one side the names, in high relief and gilded, is impelled and encouraged once more to place before the of the members of the Committee of the House of Commons " who authorised the work, and on the other side a list of the public a body of observations bearing on the subject, with 522,797 Peers who formed the Committee of the Lords, concurring "a statement of some definite requirements attainable within the deed. Thus posterity will know to whom they are "out difficulty by governing powers, and some hints that indebted, and of these sapient and foreseeing legislators it "may, it is hoped, be useful to those moving in a much may be said " Palmam qui meruere ferant." "higher sphere than the miserable dwellers in the feverApril 27, 1864. "tainted dens of Bethnal green, Whitechapel, and Spitalfields." Much has certainly been done in late years, or is still in process of doing, towards improving the sanitary condition Sir,-It is commonly, and no doubt justly, supposed that a of London; but Mr Godwin shows how much yet waits to man's habitual pursuits influence the tone of his mind,that "studia abeunt in mores." Possibly this may account Humanas antem soliti contemnere leges C. P. be done. for the hard measure dealt to Professor Jowett by a majority When we find in one parish-St Pancras, for example-that in one PROPOSED GALLERIES AT SOUTH KENSINGTON.-The Commis- 1,650,597 decisions were unanimous. We are requested to state that the National Portrait Gallery, 29 Great George street, Westminster, will, from the present time, be open I am not speaking, as you will perceive, either of the exi- to the public on Wednesdays and Saturdays, at ten o'clock instead of at gencies of the Home debt, which also is of importance, since twelve. The trustees have also given authority for the Gallery to be it amounts to more than sixteen millions sterling, or of the open on Whit-Monday and Tuesday. A strong public opinion is fortunately growing up on the subject, and one result will doubtless be the improvement of the houses, not only of the labouring population, but of all classes. An assertion which we ventured to make some years ago, "As the home, so the people," is beginning to fix itself in the popular mind. We find it, To drain and pave, Means raise and save. of a The population of the United Kingdom in 1861 was 29,036,508, and the number of paupers relieved in 1861 was 945,269, at a cost 5,778,9437. for England and Wales; 164,000 paupers, Ireland, at cost of 584,3487.; and the number for Scotland, 97,000, at a cost of 618,000. The numbers and cost, according to these figures, would with humble satisfaction, the text of essays and the motto of associa- unrecognized cost. Even the mere money spent in the When our things were nearly settled, and I was sitting by myself, tions. Widely admitted, it would be certain to produce good fruit. maintenance of pauperism and the attempted suppression with dirty hands and covered with dust, there came a little timid tap We would add to this another: of crime would serve to place the honest poor, if by any plated flight, yet feared to fly. Opening the door, I was surprised to at the door, followed by a shuffling outside, as if some one contemmeans they could all be converted to honesty, in a position find the child whom I expected a massive figure, some six feet and a of comfort and comparative luxury. quarter high, and I know not how many feet in width, but wide enough to fill the entire passage. He made a doubtful step in advance, till his great open-hearted face bung sheepishly above my head. "Have I the pleasure of seeing Mr Huxtable?" I asked. "Ees 'um," he stammered, blushing like a beet-root, "leastways Miss, I ort to zay, no plasure 'um to the laikes of thee, but a honour to ai. Varmer Uxtable they karls me round about these 'ere parts, and some on 'em Varmer Jan, and Beany Dawe, he karl me Varmer Brak-plew-harnish, as tosses arl they Carnish,' and a dale he think of his potry as it please God to give 'un: but Maister, may be, is the riglar thing, leastways you knows best, Miss." "Danged if I can coom to discourse with girt folks nohow, no more nor a sto-un." This was an "aside," but audible a long way off, as they always are on the stage. The connexion, perhaps, is not at once obvious, but it is, nevertheless, undeniable. Drainage alone will not do everything, but it is an important first step. Returns from Salisbury, for example, show that the average number of deaths annually, in 1,000, before drainage, was nearly 28, and after drainage, not 21. In Ely, the deaths in 1,000 were, before drainage, 253, and since the drainage, but 20. The efforts that have been made have had their effect in ridding many evil localities of fever; and recently it has been noticed that the same fever has haunted houses of a higher grade,--a fever which physicians have shown is caused by the emanations of decomposing matter,the foul air, for example, of drains and cesspools. Of the evils of cesspools it is impossible to speak too strongly. The condition of London in this respect, at one time, was frightful. If the surface could have been taken off, we should have seen a bubbling expanse of putridity and filth horrible to behold. Dante's rain brought scarcely greater horrore,— "Stank all the world whereon that tempest fell." be as under Paupers. 945,269 England and Wales 97,000 Scotland 1,206,269 Cost. £6,981,291 "But I am a very small folk, Mr Huxtable, compared at least with you." In England and Wales, in 1861, there were committed 50,809 indictable offences; the persons apprehended numbered 27,174; persons tried, 18,326; persons convicted, 13,879; offences determined "I humbly ax your parding, Miss, but ai didn't goo for to be zuch summarily, 394,717; convictions, 263,200. The charges and a beg, nockety, sprarling zort of a chap. I didn't goo for to do it Five thousand cesspools have been got rid of (says Dr Letheby) in convictions in Ireland and Scotland bring the grand total of crimes nohow. Reckon 'twar my moother's valt, her were always draming the City alone. in Great Britain to the following immense numbers; viz., crimes and of hayricks." This also was an aside." offences, 479,723; convictions, 308,115. "Come in," I said, "I am very glad to see you, and so will my In England and Wales-1861-there were 10,876 convicts in mother be." "Noo! Be e now? Be e though undade, my dear?" he asked prison; 3,753 convicts were discharged; 1,645 convicts discharged on tickets-of-leave; 1,350 convicts discharged, expirees; 610 convicts with the truest and finest smile I ever saw; and I felt ashamed in in county and borough gaols; 130,571 prisoners discharged; 5,414 heart's truth. discharged, sent to Western Australia; there were 147,971 prisoners front of the strong simplicity which took my conventional words for prisoners in reformatories, schools of industry, &c.; 1,298 prisoners "Them's the best words," he continued, "as ai 've 'eered this many in reformatories, schools of industry, &c., discharged; and 123,000 a dai; for ai'll be danged if ever a loi could coom from unner such known depredators at large (according to the Home Office statistics). eyes as yourn." In 1861, for the suppression of crime there was an army of And thereupon he took my puny weak hand in his rough iron 20,760 police; and the cost of the police alone, in this year, was palm, like an almond in the nut-crackers, and examined it with 1,579,2004.; and of gaols, prisons, prosecutions, &c., 2,768,5007. pitying wonder. altogether, 4,347,7001. for the suppression of crime; and this, added to the annual cost of pauperism, would give the sum of 11,327,9917. When we think of this enormous outlay for one year, only for pauperism and crime, and that as regards the latter (if we may except the operations of the industrial and reformatory schools to which the younger class of offenders are sent), little actual permanent good has been done, we look with anxiety to means for the prevention of crime which are far less expensive, and more sure in their good effect But still it is found that London and its suburbs are black with unnecessary funerals. Of 50,000 persons dying annually in London, 21,000 are under ten years of age; and of the survivors too many grow up stunted both in mind and body. So accustomed are great numbers of the poor to filth and all that breeds disease, that it is hard to drive into them the simplest notions of what is right. In the neighbourhood of the City road, "a decent-looking "woman lately hurried to a surgeon, and stated that her "female child was in convulsions. He gave her some "medicine, and told her to put the child into a hot bath. "Some hours afterwards she came back to say that the child than those to which we have referred. "Wull, wull! some hands be made for mulking coos, and some be made of the crame itself. Now there couldn't be such a purty thing as this ere, unless it wor to snow war'rm. But her bain't no kaind of gude for rarstling? and ai be aveared thee'll have to rarstle a rare bout wi the world, my dearie: one down, tother coom on, that be the wai of 'un." "Oh, I am not afraid, Mr Huxtable." He took some time to meditate upon this, and shook his head when he had finished. "Noo, thee bain't aveard yet I'll warı'ne. Gude art alaive, if e bain't a spurrity maid. But if ere a chap zays the black word on e and thiccy's the taime when a maid can't help berzell, then ony you karl Jan Uxtable, that's arl my dear, and if so be it's in the dead by the zaide of thee zooner noa ai could thraw a vorehip." hoor of the naight, and thee beest to tother zaide of Hexy moor, ai'll be My mother, quite worn out with her morning's walk, surprised at her uncouth visitor, and frightened perhaps at his bulk, sank on our new-fangled sofa, in a stupor of weakness. Then it was strange and fine to see the strong man's sense of her feeble state. All bis embarrassment vanished at once; he saw there was something to do; and a look of deep interest quickened his great blue eyes. Poising his heavy frame with the lightness of a bird, he stepped to her sido as if the floor had been holy, and, scarcely touching her, contrived to arrange the rude cushions, and to lay her delicate head in an easy position, as a nurse composes a child. All the while, his looks and manner expressed so much feeling and gentleness, that he must have known what it was to lose a daughter or mother. "was still in fits. On this the surgeon, surprised, went to see what was the matter, and found her standing in a pail, "naked, in the draught of two doors, with her feet in "about three inches of water!" Nor is it strange that they should be ignorant and reckless. All their lives long they have been accustomed to be packed by the dozen into We have been content to draw from Mr Godwin's book vilely-built houses, damp, dirty, and stenchful, with no proper much aided by numerous sketches of the localities he ventilation, and none of the requisites of cleanliness and describes-a few illustrations of the misery yet existing decency. In Lincoln court, Drury lane, there are twenty-in many parts of London, and existing to almost as one houses with nearly a thousand people huddled together alarming an extent, proportionately, in many other cities Before I could thank him for his honest championship my mother in them. At one house in another district, visited by Mr and large towns of England. How it is best to be reme- entered the room, and all his bashfulness (lost for the moment in the Godwin, because he heard that a child had died of died deserves the very serious consideration of large- pride of strength) came over him again like an extinguisher. Although diphtheria, he found that the parents occupied a small hearted and clear-headed men. Nothing can be done he did not tremble-his nerves were too firm for that-he stood room in a house let to lodgers. In the basement, damp without honest and persistent effort, but the good that has fumbling with his hat, and reddening, and looking vaguely about, at a loss where to put his eyes or anything else. and unwholesome, were two families of costermongers, resulted from the little that has hitherto been effected who at night kept fish and other offensive matter shows that no zealous work will be unproductive. The in the rooms. Here were dogs, cats, children, and philanthropist and the economist have here common ground dirt. In one room above them lived a shoemaker, wife, for labour, and every step taken in the encouragement of and son; in the back room a large family; and separate health and decency, and the restraining of vice and sickfamilies in each of the four rooms above; one of the ness, is worldly gain and gain to Christianity. rooms including also, as is often the case, a collection of rabbits. The dust-bin was without a cover, and the closet, necessarily inadequate, was at the foot of the stairs. Hundreds of similar cases have been brought to light, and heaven only knows how many thousands await cure. Even This novel, with all its defects, is unmistakeably a work where the house is clean and well-conducted, the poverty of original genius. The writer has a vivid fancy which of the inmates, and the greed of their landlords, makes it intensifies the plot, a tale of Corsican vendetta, and leads "Yes, she has long been weak and poorly; but I fear that her often impossible for them to observe the plainest rules of sometimes into extravagance. It makes also the writing help crying a little; and I couldn't help his seeing it. health has been growing worse for the last few months." I couldn't health and propriety. "In a model lodging-house for "families, a father who, with his wife and one child, also runs now and then to excess, giving the effect of tak on so, Miss; doon e, that's a dear. Avore her's been here a wake, lively with fresh thought and clever simile, but this "Dang thee, Jan Uxtable, for a doilish girt zinny. Now doon e "occupies one room, has in another accommodated six overstrain to be clever where there is in fact only her'll be as peart as a gladdy. There bain't in arl they furren parts "of his nine other children cross-way on two camp unpruned luxuriance. A Corsican vendetta is at the heart no place the laike of this ere to make a body ston upraight. The "bedsteads, while three elder girls, one sixteen years old, of the story, and vengeance is its master thought. The the zay as swate as the breath of a coo on the clover, and he'll zit on braze cooms off o Hexymoor as frash as a young coolt, and up from sleep on a small bedstead near. The room is well venti-heroine, who tells the tale, is a girl of strong feeling and your chake the zame as a dove on her nestie; and ye'll be so hearty "lated and clean, but the same sort of stowing away is to "be found in hundreds of cases, under circumstances which imagination, with a taint of madness in her young blood, the both on ye, that ye'll karl for taties and heggs and crame and bent on discovery of her father's murderer. She thirsts for inyons avore e be hout of bed. Fe's fai ye wull." With this homely "render it deadly." We know not how the circumstances vengeance till her heart is schooled by God's high lesson of comfort he departed, after a cheering glance at my mother. can fail to be deadly in any instance. This huddling to- life, and her day of vengeance being come she puts it away Clara Vaughan. A Novel. In Three Volumes. Mac- "Poor dear leddy," he whispered to me, "her be used to zummut more plum nor thiccy, I reckon. Her zimth ciule weist and low laike. Hath her been long in that there wai?" gether of young and old people of both sexes, nearly always from her. It is only a brute beast, a dog who has his own and it is a pleasantly bold wit that describes a pretty shallow There is ring of the true metal in such writing as that, in filthy rooms and often with less than a fifth of the cubic vendetta to accomplish, who wreaks on the villain of the youth as having a "pink rose of a face, which seemed to space considered necessary for the health of the inhabitants, tale that vengeance for which the desire has died out of the "be made to be worn in the hair," and that makes Clara's makes certain both moral and physical diseases. human heart. We will give no hint of the plot because its yearning for vengeance "repel things of a milder nature, In many of those small interiors where seven, eight, nine, ten, and secret is for a long time well kept, and the mere interest as a bullet cries tush to the zephyr." But the unpruned even more persons sleep in a room, we hear of a heavy drowsiness, of the tale is very strong in the first volume, and never exuberance of fancy shows itself when in a tragic scene it which renders old and young stupid and weak in the morning. Children lie like dead things until they are roused by the opening of weak. The action of the story is chiefly in a Gloucester- is said of the enraged Corsican that "his teeth struck doors and windows. There is a general complaint that, during the shire park, and in Devonshire, Corsica, and Camden" together like fire-tongs badly jointed, and he could not night, particularly towards the morning, the bodies of the inmates Town. We can answer for the faithful sense of locality" part them," or when the Park on a winter's day is said to are covered with a clammy, unwholesome perspiration. Some said in all that refers to Devonshire and Camden Town, and if "be lightly furrowed with snow at the drains, like our hair that, in the morning, the sweat ran in streams from their faces. First, this was hot; but on getting into the air it changed into large the pictures of Corsica be not faithful, as we suspect they "when we part it." Clara, too, describes somebody's cold drops, which gradually declined in quantity until the skin are, they are made marvellously bright and real to the mental state as "the very opposite to that of my own became intensely cold and dry. This occurred even in tolerably mild mind's eye. tolerably mild mind's eye. Of the wild extravagance of incident into "phrenoscope. I have no large imagination; but the weather. The nature of the water-supply prevents regular washing which the tale occasionally runs we may take the heroine's "images it presents are vivid, and I can see well round even of the face and bands; and in these situations, in nine cases out adventure in Professor Ross's house and cellar, No. 37" them. Every one of them is not cast, but cut on my of ten, nothing more is thought of. We may readily judge how seriously these conditions must affect health. During some early Lucas street, or the burning of her eyelids and danger to" sensorium." In days of poverty, with a dark plaid visits recently made to East London, we found the state of some of her eyes from the deadly chemical with which Inspector shawl (that had once saved her mother's life) around the rooms to be shocking. The dirty bed-clothes were reeking with Cutting made a deadened pane of glass transparent in order her, the plainest of the plain, she tells us she was fumes; and, although it goes sorely against our inclination to make that she might see and identify the man he took to be her "yet not prepared to confess myself so quotidian as the comparison, it is the truth to say that, in some of these places, father's murderer. The attempt to make a comic figure of "my dress." Another time we are told, "so exhausted the human tenants suggested only the idea of decomposing vegetation. In one room six children had been washed in a dish in which there Mrs Shelfer, the lodging house keeper at Camden Town," was my frame by the thaumatrope of the last six-andwas about a quart of water; and this, by the renewed operation, fails by extravagance. Her credulity, for example, passes "thirty hours, that I fell asleep." But with all its faults, instead of being a liquid, had become a semi-solid body. In some burlesque when she believes of the gas that "the directors little or big, this book, if it be, as it seems to be, the first rooms, the ragged, black-looking bed-coverings bad not been washed holds a meeting first Tuesday in every month, and fills work of a new writer, gives promise of another novelist of for months. ore woman said that she had lived in a room for two years, and had found no opportunity for washing or drying her quilt up the pipes with spittle, that's the reason it sputters so, mark. Take, for example of her lively skill-we assume or blanket. How can we wonder, then,-when we consider these "Charley told me." It is clever nonsense, certainly; still the real author to be like the fictitious autobiographer, a lady arrangements, the density of the population of the houses, and their it is nonsense. Yet there is true and hearty fun blended this description of a long drought and the coming up of neglected and unsanitary state, that fevers rage and multitudes of with the character sketches of the strong rough man with rain: children die? the tender heart, the Devonshire wrestling champion, About Valentine's-day, 1849, and after a length of very changeable "London improvement," we may observe, is answerable Farmer Huxtable and his family, at their homestead of weather, the wind fixed its home in the east, and the sky for a week for some of this wretchedness. When New Oxford street Tossil's Barton, in the neighbourhood of Lynmouth, to was grey and monotonous. Brilliant weather ensued; white frost was driven through St Giles's no new homes were built whom Clara and her mother went from Vaughan park at night, and strong sun by day. The frost became less biting as the for the ousted poor, who crowded in upon each other to rot when the freehold of Tossil's Barton was nearly all they year went on, and the sun more powerful; there were two or three overcast days, and people hoped for rain. But no rain fell, except in air doubly befouled, and die. What New Oxford street had left in the world. Here is the first introduction of one poor drizzle, more like dew than rain. did the Metropolitan railways are now doing, at an awful, him: With habits now so ingrained as to become true pleasures, I marked me a chirp of gratitude. "Plaise, Mise, it be a beastie wi vour taials." And then contrast with this again the luxuriant passion of the effects of the drought on all the scene around me. The meadows should be, but hoping that one of his own children may discover it which in the French language has received the name of coup d'état. took the colour of Russian leather, the cornlands that of a knife- first, boldly shows his face at the wired window, but is quite resolved The particular act which has received this fine name is an act of board. The young leaves of the wood hung pinched and crisp, to allow fair play. Not so Mrs Huxtable, who, in full possession of perfidy, treachery, or breach of trust against the State, performed unable to shake off their tunics, and more like catkins than leaves. the case, suddenly appears behind me, and shakes her fist at poor by some individual placed in a position of special trust, and thereThe pools went low and dark and thick with a coppery scum (in puzzled Tabby. "Thee'dst best pretend to know more than thy fore of extraordinary power; which position often enables him to autumn it would have been green), and little bubbles came up and betters." She tries to make Tabby hear, without my catching her make his treachery or treason successful. Charles I. attempted popped where the earth cracked round the sides. The tap-rooted words. But the farmer hotly shouts, "Lat un alo-un, waife. Tak some acts of this kind, but his brains were far from equal to the plants looked comely and brave in the morning, after their drink of thee hon from thee mouth, I tull 'e. Spak up now, little wanch." successful performance of them. Now, although to overreach and dew, but flagged and flopped in the afternoon, as a clubbed cabbage Thus encouraged, Tabby makes reply, looking crosswise at Mrs destroy friends who trust you and are off their guard is a far easier does. As for those which had only the surface to suck, they dried Huxtable. business, and requires far smaller abilities, than to overreach and by the acre, and powdered away like the base of a bonfire. destroy armed enemies, who are watching all your slightest moveThe ground was hard as horn, and fissured in stars, and angles, ments, it still requires a certain portion of ability, chiefly of that and jagged gaping cracks, like a dissecting map or a badly-plastered kind which can simulate friendliness, frankness, and truthfulness wall. It amused me sometimes to see a beetle suddenly cut from his towards men whom you intend to destroy. Of this faculty there are home by that which to him was an earthquake. How he would run many degrees. The man who possesses it in the highest degree to and fro, look doubtfully into the dark abyss, then, rising to the will not use any more falsehood than is absolutely necessary for the ocession, bridge his road with a straw. The snails shrunk close in attainment of his end. He will not, like Jonathan Wild in Fieldtheir shells, and resigned themselves to a spongy distance of slime. ing's story, put his hands into his friend's pockets, even when he The birds might be seen in the morning, hopping over the hollows of knows there is nothing in them, or, like the Count, pack the cards, the shrunken ponds, prying for worms, which had shut themselves Though she was no silly child, but a girl of mind and feeling, she when he knows his adversary has no money. He will not be a up like caddises deep in the thirsty ground. Our lake, which was had a store, I must confess, of clouds as well as dazzling sunlight in habitual liar, quack, or renegade, whom no man of common-sense very deep at the lower end, became a refuge for all the widgeons and the empyrean of her eyes. Her nature, like my love, was full of would trust. On the contrary, he will be a man with qualities that, coots and moorhens of the neighbourhood, and the quick-diving Southern passion. It is like the air they breathe, the beauty they besides making him loved by his wife and children, will make him grebe, and even the summer snipe, with his wild and lonely "cheep." behold. One minute of such love compresses in a thunder flood all liked, honoured, and trusted by many political and military comrades, The brink of the water was feathered, and dabbled with countless the slow emotions stealing through the drought-scrimped channel, with whom he will live for many years on terms of confidence and impressions of feet of all sorts-dibbers, and waders, and wagtails, where we dredge for gold deposits, through ten years of Saxon court- friendship, and then, when his time comes, will some day suddenly and weasels, and otters, and foxes, and the bores of a thousand bills, ship. Instead of Lily-bloom, she should have been called the turn round upon them and, with the name of the God of Truth on and muscles laid high and dry. Passion-flower. his lips, ruin them and their cause. Such a man was Oliver CromFor my own pet robins I used to fill pans with water along the My life, my soul-how weak our English words are-she loved me well. edge of the grass, for I knew their dislike of the mineral spring from the first, I can take my oath she did, although her glory was. That is the view of Cromwell that Mr Bisset seeks to (which never went dry), and to these they would fly down and too great for her to own it yet, though now and then her marvellous force upon his readers; and the foremost fighter for liberty drink, and perk up their impudent heads, and sluice their poor little eyes proved traitors. Sometimes when she was racking me most, dusty wings; and then, as they could not sing now, they would give feigning even, with those eyes cast down, her pellucid fingers point was a fair representative of all the other and lesser men. to point, and her little foot tapping the orchid bloom, feigning, I say, "One leading characteristic of Cromwell was the union of When the drought had lasted about three months, the east wind, in cold blood, to reckon her noble lovers-long names all and horribly "craft with bluntness and with a fiery temper, whereas which till then had been cold and creeping, became suddenly parching hateful to m-suddenly, while I trembled, and scowled like a true-crafty men are usually understood to be of a cold temper hot. Arid and heavy, and choking, it panted along the glades, like born Briton, suddenly up would leap the silky drooping lashes, and a a dog on a dusty road. It came down the water-meadows, where spring of soft electric light would flutter through them to the very«ness and irascibility has the advantage of apparent open"and smooth manner; though craft under a cloak of bluntthe crowsfoot grew, and wild celery, and it licked up the dregs of core of my heart. the stream, and powdered the flood-gates, all skeletons now, with As for me, I abandoned myself. I made no pretence of waiting a "ness and simplicity, and thus of throwing off their guard grey dust. It came through the copse, and the young leaves shrunk moment. I flung my heart wide open to her, and if she would not "those with whom it has to deal." Cromwell was not at before it, like a child from the hiss of a snake. The blast pushed come in, desert it should be for ever. all the vulgar blackguard that last century royalists the doors of our house, and its dry wrinkled hand was laid on the walls and the staircase and wood work; a hot grime tracked its steps, painted him; he was a very gentlemanly villain, and a taint fell on all that was fresh. As it folded its baleful wings, It was done like this. One August evening, when the sun was and most of his comrades were gentlemanly villains and lay down like a desert dragon, vegetation, so long a time sick, sinking, and the air was full of warmth and wooing sounds, the cicale too. It is gratifying to know, however, that while gave way at last to despair, and flagged off flabbed and dead. The waking from his early nap, the muffro leaping for the first dew-drop, finding fault with their conduct at clammy grey dust, like hot sand thrown from ramparts, ate to the the love-birds whispering in the tamarind leaves, Fiordalisa sat with Mr Bisset thinks them better than the race of men every turn, core of everything, choking the shrivelled pores and stifling the me, under a giant cork-tree on the western slope. The tower was languid breath. Old gaffers were talking of murrain in cattle, and still in Vendetta siege, and the grave and reverend Signor knew better whom they drove out from the Government. He even famine and plague among men, and farmers were too badly off to than to come out, when the Sbirri were gone to the town. Lily- admits that Cromwell was a better man than Charles I., grumble. bloom was sitting by me in a mass of flowers; her light mandile and that the members of the Council of State of 1649 were But the change even now was at hand. The sky which had long was laid by, that her glorious hair might catch the first waft of the not such wicked tyrants as they of the Star Chamber. presented a hard and cloudless blue, but trailing a light haze round evening breeze. All down her snow-white shoulders fell the labyits rim in the morning, was bedimmed more every day with a white rinth of tresses, twined by me with red Tacsonia, and two pale "These men erred," is his judgment of the whole body of scudding vapour across it. The sun grew larger and paler, and carnations. Her form was pillowed in rich fern, that feathered interregnum heroes; "nevertheless, Englishmen will never leaned more on the heavens, which soon became ribbed with white round her waist; of all the fronds and plames and stems, not one so forget that they raised England from what the Stuarts skeleton-clouds; and these in their turn grew softer and deeper, then taper, light, and rich as that. The bloom upon her cheeks was "had made it, a name of scorn among the nations, to be a furry and ravelled and wisped. One night the hot east wind dropped, deepened by my playing with her hair, and her soft large eyes were and, next morning (though the vane had not changed), the clouds beaming with delicious wonder. name to call up very different emotions-a name that, drove heavily from the south-west. But these signs of rain grew for We knew, as well as He who made us, that we loved one another. humanly speaking, connoted invincibility-a name several days before a single drop fell; as is always the case after None who did not love for ever could interchange such looks."famous, and terrible over the world.'" Englishmen discontinuance, it was hard to begin again. Indeed, the sky was Suddenly, and without a word, in an ecstasy of admiration, I passed never will forget that fact, although their gratitude may amassed with black clouds, and the dust went swirling like a mat my left arm round her little waist, drew her close to me-she was find expression in homelier phrases than Mr Bisset's beaten over the trees, and the air became cold, and the wind moaned very near before-and looking full into her wondrous eyes, found no three days and three nights, and yet no rain fell. As old Whitehead, protest but a thrill of light; then tried her lips and met her whole "connotion of invincibility," and their remembrance of it the man at the lodge, well observed, it had "forgotten the way to rain." heart there. Darling, how she kis ed me! No English girl can do will make them intolerant of all defamatory representaThen it suddenly cleared one morning (the 28th May), and the west it. And then the terror of her maiden thoughts. The recollection tions of Commonwealth history, even though they be given was streaked with red clouds, that came up to crow at the sun, and of her high-born pride, and higher because God-born innocence. in as good faith and with as much show of learning as we the wind for the time was lulled, and the hills looked close to my How she wept, and blushed, and trembled; trembled, blushed, and find in these Omitted Chapters. hand. So I went to my father's grave without the little green wept again; and then vouchsafed one more entrancing kiss, to watering-pot or a trowel to fill the chinks, for I knew it would rain atone for the unwitting treason. Even thus I would not be content. that very day. I wanted words as well. Compare with a passage like that the sketch of Clara Vaughan teaching the children and a little neighbour or two of her faithful friends at Tossil's Barton: She did come. That life-blood of my soul came in, and would and could live nowhere else for ever. "Do you love me, my own Lily, with every atom of your Omitted Chapters of the History of England, from the By Mene Tekel. A Vision of a Doomed Church, Chapman and Hall. This is a pamphlet against the crying evil of the Irish Church Establishment, proceeding, as its notes testify, from the not unpractised pen of a vigorous and witty prose writer, but written brightly and fancifully in Spenserian stanza, with a flavour of good literature in its satire, and a grace of thought and language that has been only too seldom connected with its irritating theme. ་ In his Irish History and Irish Character' Professor Goldwin Smith, as here quoted in one of the notes, has justly said: I was keeping school in the dairy, the parlour being too small for that purpose, and the kitchen and "wash-up" (as they called the back-kitchen) too open to inroads from Suke and Tim. My class consisted of ten, or rather was eight strong, the two weanies (big baby and little baby), only attending for the sake of example, and because they would have roared, if parted from the other children. So those two were allowed to spraddle on the floor, where sometimes they made little rollers of themselves, with much indecorum, and between whiles sat gravely sucking their fat red fingers, and then pointed them in a glistening state at me or my audience, and giggled This is the first volume,-covering rather less than with a large contempt. The eight, who made believe to learn something, were the six elder Huxtables, and two of Tim Badcock's eighteen months, so that the whole work is likely to fill "young uns." I marshalled them, four on each side, against the low eight or nine,-of what Mr Bisset designs to make an The hold of the Irish Establishment on the religious affections of lime-whitened walls, which bore the pans of cream and milk. Little exhaustive history "of the Interregnum, or of the the Irish people is a garrison of twenty thousand men. At that price Sally, my head scholar, was very proud of measuring her height, by "Commonwealth, according to the prevalent and, in his England purchases a source of just discontent and perpetual disaffecthe horizontal line on the milk-pan where the glazing ended; which opinion, inaccurate designation of the government of tion. At that price she makes the national clergy of Ireland demaTabitha Badcock, even on tiptoe, could not reach. They were all gogues, and the national religion of Ireland an enemy to social well "claned," and had white pinnies on, and their ruddy cheeks "England after the death of Charles I." As justification harmony, to political tranquillity, and to the unity of the Empire. rubbed up to the highest possible polish, with yellow soap and the for so great an undertaking Mr Bisset pleads the slight At that price she draws upon herself just opprobrium and constant jack-towel behind the wash-up door. Hence, I never could relieve attention that has hitherto been paid to the MSS. in the peril. Those who think that this will go on for ever must either have them from the idea that Sunday now came every day in the week. State Paper office, and their value as illustrations of formed a singular estimate of the tendencies of the age, or expect that I maintained strict discipline, and allowed no nonsense; but two those tendencies will be suddenly reversed. sad drawbacks constantly perplexed me. In the first place, their English history. The plea is a sound one, and Mr ways were so ridiculous, and they laboured so much harder to Bisset deserves hearty praise, both for the zeal with which It will not go on for ever. Such an establishment, make me laugh, than they did to learn, that I could not always keep he has set himself to collect new material for an under- born of the spirit of Oppression, lies as a detested burden my countenance, and when the spelling-book went up before my standing of this period of English history, and for the on a land where in 199 parishes there is not one member face, they knew, as well as possible, what was going on behind it, solid matter, hardly heeded before, that he has really been of it among the people; 575 parishes are without more than and peeped round or below, and burst out altogether. The second drawback was, that Mrs Huxtable, in spite of all my protests, would able to bring together. able to bring together. But those who would make good twenty members apiece; 416 parishes contain not fifty; be always rushing in, upon errands purely fictitious; and the farmer use of that material must work it up for themselves and and in 1,538 parishes there are not more than 100. The himself always found some special business in the yard, close to the give it its due place in relation to the many parts of the objection, as Sir G. C. Lewis pointed out, "is one of prinwired and unglazed window, whence every now and then his loud subject about which Mr Bisset is silent. The volume, as "ciple not of degree, and nothing short of perfect equality haw-haws, and too audible soliloquies, "Dang me! wull done, Zally, that wor a good un; zay un again, cheel! zay un again, wull the half sentence we have quoted from the preface almost "in the treatment of all religious sects will satisfy the utterly overthrew my most solemn institutions. sufficiently shows, is a laborious effort to disparage the "persons whose discontent springs from this source.' "Coom now, smarl chillers"-I addressed them in my unclassical work by which our modern English liberty was secured There is no unrighted wrong in the three kingdoms so Devonshire dialect, for it kept their attention alive to criticise me and the men who did it. The old libels against Cromwell monstrous as that of the doomed Irish Church Establishwhen I "spak unvitty"-" coom now, e've a been spulling lang and his fellows are no longer possible. The researches of ment. enough ston round me now, and tull me what I axes you." Before the advancing spirit of Freedom it is Already, I had made one great mistake, by saying "round" the last twenty or thirty years have so thoroughly dis- doomed to fall, and in these two cantos their writer sees as instead of "raound," and Billy, the genius of the family, was upon proved them that they can never again be repeated in any in a dream the doom fulfilled. the giggle. book pretending to accuracy or honesty. Therefore new "Now thun, wult be a quadripade?" Upon a day when there was peace in heaven a harsh "Ai knoo!" says Sally, with her hand held out. Some towering shape of Ill did surely walk, At length it ceased, that discord loud and sharp, And as it died away a different strain Succeeded, like the sorrowing of the harp, Love's grief, or patriot's care, or captive's chain; The martyrs recollect their mortal throe, And eyes unused to mourn shed tears again; And sweet was that harp's sigh after that trumpet's blow. These were the notes of the two churches. They were heard where Abraham feasted with Lazarus upon his bosom and the prophets, martyrs and heroes of Israel sat by. But when they looked below they saw the rich land upon whose soil Heaven had rained gifts and graces. The gentle Lazar first the saints among No grief, no guilt, beyond its circle wide! The heart of Lazar overflows with love; He loves the proud, while he detests the pride, And both for wealth and poverty he sigh'd; For wealth the most, though least of wealth he knows; "There yawns no gulf 'twixt Heaven and Earth," he cried, Of seven great names in heaven the cause embrace : St Luke with arts adorned and gospel grace, And Lazarus yearning to his mortal race, Went kingly care with Israel's royal seer, With Job went matchless patience next in place; Smooth runs the road through continents of air, And strangely die away and faint upon the gale. For this sad world hath many a feeble sigh, That rises in loud sorrow to the throne, And only finds full audience in the sky; And often, too, Oppression bates his tone, As if from Heaven to keep his wrong unknown; In vain! for when the voice ascends on high, It speaks like breath through sounding brass y-blown, And so the ready help is ever nigh, The never-closing ear, and never-winking eye. The heavenly band see bellowing goblins at the doors to which fair Learning and her sister Truth invite a nation's knowledge-thirsting youth, and having alighted on a mountain whence they can survey the land, see shrines and temples stud the plains below, and from the proudest fanes hear notes, though faint, like those which entered heaven with so loud a blare. They send out cherub messengers, who bring them back report of mockery on mockery. The happiest "had found three Christians in "two pews." Too long to tell the tales of wonder brought, Or grief, from every wind that blows abroad, As every feather'd post came in full fraught With news of flock's mischance, or hirelings' fraud, And sacerdotal Mammon's part with God. Yet not all tragic are the stories told; Some swains there be whose feet with peace are shod, And mourn to Heaven and earth for sheep to fill their fold. Then came from Paradise a spirit overcast with care, who to Samson seemed to be the angel of those churches, "the rich unpeopled, and the thronged so poor." He called on the bright company to soar with him to "that "sovereign thoughtful hill," the Mountain of Abstraction, whence they behold In one large view the aggregate accurst The boughs before, they now behold the tree, A land that seem'd beneath its load to pine; Such were those predatory towers of yore, Whose crumbling ruins still from o'er the vine Look down upon the chronicled and castled Rhine. With lively force that aggregate of wrong is sketched, and the impression made by it on Lazarus, on David, and the rest; but stormy Samson sat apart inscrutable. Unarm'd he seem'd, yet arm'd from top to toe; And Truth's wide-sweeping sword, against whose blow His harness more impregnable than steel, Ob, hapless Truth with Injury allied! Fair nymph she looks when Freedom takes her side; Whose opulence is booty unrestored! Then preach the honest gospel-message to the poor." "old clergyman and his wife, and the caressess which in the "dear Inverallan home would have been shed upon her thick "as the autumn leaves that were now falling all around. "For it may be highly useful and practical, but, oh! that is "a starving life into which love never comes; where the "warmest rooms of the heart must always be kept shut and "bolted, where never a sweet loving word can be spoken, or "a kiss suffered to wing its flight from lip to lip." Aunt Hepzibah "don't mind for being kissed." Her brother, who has been a Scotch mathematical professor, is a good sort of man, with a spark more of latent sentiment, but an outside even drier than his sister's. The sketch of him is slight, and tends to caricature; but of Aunt Hepzibah we have an elaborated picture full of clever feminine touches, everywhere, down to her astonishment at her brother's slowly fading, and actually dying without having required. punctual medicines five times a day, besides fomentations, embrocations, and decoctions, her masterly management of the funeral, and the subsequent cold in the head, in whose name she repudiates the tears that will let themselves be seen even when Abigail is by as she ties up her jam-pots, everywhere true to life; this character being, in fact, the best thing in the book. Janita frets in her new home till she is subdued by a fever. And when the busy practical Aunt Hepzibah sees that there is to be a regular illness, of course she knows what to do. So soon as Dr Maguire had given his decision she set to work. Presently he who had seemed the angel of those window-draperies removed, because they obstructed ventilation; and She had the bed-curtains of the long room taken down and the churches became glorious in his own form. And then the carpets taken up except a little strip from the door to the bed, again the brazen peal was blown by a cloud-born angel, dark and proud, who rose out of the rich and empty temple. Again arose the wailing harp strain of the now visible genius of Ireland, that stood like a wreath of incense above the bare temple where countless crowds adore. Again the defiant blast was blown, but after that no more. For now the Captain of that shining band His mace in every Land and sun bright harness wore. I hearken'd for the crash of tumbling walls, The temple fell without a mortal groan. These hug with frantic cries the crumbling shrine, And half their wealth to keep would half their wealth resign. I walk'd amidst the ruins, and I breathed Sweet air, by Justice purified, and could see Blest calm where late the waters raged and seeth'd; There saw I Truth redeem'd by Liberty; ller golden chains fell off, and she was free; I saw her blot the vulture from her shield, And make the Dove the bird of victory. Janita's Cross. By the Author of 'St Olave's.' In: because so much woollen in a room was an unwholesome thing for sick people. And the looking-glass, with its little knick-knackeries, was cleared away, in order that the dressing-table might be used as had been listlessly watching all these operations, asked their meaning, a stand for phials and medicine-bottles. And when poor Janita, who Miss Hepzibah said, as briskly as if she had been ordering the preliminaries of a wedding: "Jane, child, you're going to have an illness. Dr Maguire says so, and therefore you must make up your mind to it. Your uncle and I will do all we can for you, and you must do everything you are told, and take your medicines and things like a sensible person; and if it pleases Providence to bring you round again, I dare say you'll be all the better, for my grandmother used to say that fevers cleared up the constitution wonderfully." And away bustled Miss Hepzibah out of the room, with an armful of Janita's walking dresses, that would not be wanted any more at present, and so it was better to have them out of the way. There are many nice touches of feminine observation and kindly satire in the sketches of Meadow thorpe select society, among which we may note especially the description of a Dorcas party, at which ladies of different classes mect "as Christians on the understanding that they should not, unless otherwise acquainted, "move" to each other in the street. "So that," says the pleasant authoress, "the social constitution of Mrs Narrowby's working party was something like the famous Egyptian mummy, which "crumbled to pieces as soon as it was brought into the "open air." Janita recovered from her fever, and the care of her during convalescence was conceded by Aunt Hepzibah to Miss Alwyne, who lived close by in a cottage where only of evenings the slanting rays of sunshine stole into it through the aspens in Professor Ruthven's garden. "But always as you sat in that pretty little parlour, you might look out upon the sunshine; you might see it "lying in broad sweeps upon the plot of green sward "which formed the centre of the square, and tipping the "battlements of the church tower, and making twinkling 'lights and shadows upon the gnarled trunks of the church"yard trees. And in this respect Miss Alwyne's cottage was something like her own life, which was lived in "quiet and shadow, but always had sunshine around it. "Perhaps, also, when evening came, there would be sun"shine within it, too." 66 "Gentility square" at last discovered to its horror that Ruthven, in whose aims alone she was a happy baby. Her there is much in a woman's life which only a woman can know and wife for a twelvemonth or so, then became bankrupt, and That is, indeed, the temper of this story, which excels |