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E.

CAPS, for all Classes and all Ages.

and SON'S BOOTS and

SHOES, for all Classes and all Ages.

Total

cation.

0 10 0 0 12 0 0 16 0 0 17 0 Fire, that the Renewal Receipts for Insurances due at Now publishing, in Monthly Parts, price 6d. (per post, 8d.),

0 3 3 0 4 60 4

6050

9 19 912 9 613 9 6 14 17 3 Any article to be had singly at the same prices. An oak chest to contain the above, and a relative number of knives, &c., 21. 158. Tea and coffee sets, dish covers, and corner MOSES and SON'S OUTFITS for dishes, cruet and liqueur frames, &c., at proportionate prices. All kinds of re-plating done by the patent process.

all CLASSES, all Ages, and all Climates.

E. MOSES and SON'S LONDON

Aldgate.

154, 155, 156, 157, Minories; 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 506, 507, 508, New Oxford street; 1, 2, 3, Hart street. 137, 138, Tottenham-court road; 283, Euston road.

NOTICE is also hereby given to persons Assured against
Christmas are ready to be delivered, and that such insurances
as shall remain unpaid after Fifteen Days from the said
Quarter-day will become void.

DAMAGE caused by EXPLOSION of GAS made good.
Foreign and Ship Insurances.
COMMISSION allowed to Brokers and Agents effecting

LIFE DEPARTMENT.

This Corporation has granted Assurances on Lives for a period exceeding One Hundred and Forty Years, having issued its first Policy on the 7th June, 1721.

DALZIEL'S ILLUSTRATED

ARABIAN NIGHTS, with Pictures by Millais, Ten. niel, Watson, Morten, Pinwell, T. Dalziel, &c. &c. Weekly numbers, One Penny.

"It promises to be a most splendid edition of this most wonderful book."-Edinburgh Scotsman.

London: Ward and Lock, 158 Fleet street.

THE UNITED LIBRARIES,

WILLIAMING IRONMOONER, GENERAL Two-thirds of the entire Profits, without any deduction for Polytech Re LGBT STR
S. BURTON,

to H.R.H. the PRINCE of WALES, sends a CATALOGUE
gratis, and post paid. It contains upwards of 500 Illustra-
tions of his illimited Stock of Sterling Silver and Electro-
Plate, Nickel Silver, and Britannia Metal Goods, Dish
Covers, Hot-water Dishes, Stoves, Fenders, Marble Chimney-
pieces, Kitchen Ranges, Lamps, Gaseliers, Tea Trays, Urns,
and Kettles, Clocks, Table Cutlery, Baths, Toilet Ware,
Turnery, Iron and Brass Bedsteads, Bedding, Bedroom
Twenty large 39 1A, 2,
3, and 4 Newman street; 4, 5, and 6 Perry's place; and
1 Newman yard, London.

E. MOSES and SON'S COUNTRY Cabinet show-Rooms, at 35 Oxford street, W., 1, 94, 9,

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arrangement will be found to be more advantageous to the
Policy-holders than an apparently larger proportion of the
Profits, subject to the expenses of management.

MARINE DEPARTMENT.
MARINE INSURANCES are effected at the Head Office
of the Corporation.
JOHN LAURENCE, Secretary.

HRISTMAS RENEWALS.-NORTH
BRITISH and MERCANTILE INSURANCE COM-

307 REGENT STREET, W., next door to the Royal All the best New Books in English, French, German, Italian, and Spanish Literature added immediately on publication in large numbers, suited to the probable demand. Subscription, from One Guinea. Catalogues and terms on application; as also the New List of Surplus Books, at grea ly reduced prices.

Booth's, Churton's, Hodgson's, and Saunders and Otley's, 307 Regent street, London.

Illustrated with nearly 1,500 Engravings on Wood and
Twelve on Steel,

ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE

PANY. corporated by Royal Charter and Acts of Parlia- THE INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION of 1862, con

ment.

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Accumulated and Invested Funds .........
Annual Revenue............

FIRE DEPARTMENT.
25th instant.
Policies should be renewed within fifteen days from the
and Branches, and at the Head Office.
Receipts may be had of the various Agencies
London, 58 Threadneedle street, E.C., December, 1863.

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taining specimens of the best exhibits in the International
Exhibition, from the works of the most famous English and
Continental Art-Manufacturers; also Engravings on Steel
and Wood of the Sculpture; accompanied with Essays, by
various contributors, on the Progress and Development of
Art as exemplified in the works exhibited; and a History
of the Exhibition: forming a most interesting and valuable
record of the Exhibition at South Kensington.

In 1 vol., royal quarto, cloth gilt, gilt edges, price 21s.
London: Virtue Brothers and Co., 1 Amen corner.

ISH MANUFACTORIE S.--The

FISH MANUFACTORIES.--The

and Exterior, of the Fish Breeding Establishment at
Huningue with descriptive particulars-Also New Materials
for the Life of Fuseli-Discovery in Glos'ter-Condition of
Buckinghamshire-Landowners and Railway Companies - and
other Papers, with all the Art and Sanitary News of the
Week, 4d, or by Post, 5d.-1 York street, Covent garden,
and all Newsmen.

MR ESKELL'S NEW WORK ON THE TEETH.
Second Edition, corrected and revised, free for seven stamps.
To be had of all Booksellers, and of the Author.
"We can commend this little brochure."-Medical Cir.
cular.

ROYAL FREE HOSPITAL, Gray's-inn

road, in the immediate vicinity of the Great Northern
Railway Terminus, King's cross.
FUNDS are urgently REQUIRED.
TREASURER AND BANKER.-Edward Masterman, Esq.,
Nicholas lane.

together, and which for seven years had resisted the careful treatment of the best French and English medical men.Cure No. 1,771. Lord Stuart de Decies, Lord-Lieutenant of Waterford, of many years' dyspepsia. Cure No. 49,842. "Fifty years' indescribable agony from dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms, sick. ness, and vomiting. Maria Joly."-Cure No. 46,270. Mr James Roberts, of Framley, Surrey, of thirty years' diseased lungs, spitting of blood, liver derangement, and partial GRATIS, or sent post free, containing upwards of 350 leaving Southampton on the 4th and 20th of every month. applications for Agency Appointments from Gentlemen deafness-Cure No. 47,121. Miss Elizabeth Jacobs, of extreme nervousness, indigestion, gatherings, low spirits, and nervous fancies.-Cure No. 54,816. The Rev. James T.

Campbell, Fakenham, Norfolk, "of indigestion and torpidity

of the liver, which had resisted all medical treatment."In tins, llb., 2s. 9d.; 2lb., 4s. 6d.; 5lb., lla.; 12lb., 22s.; 24lb., 408.-Barry du Barry and Co., No. 77 Regent street, London; also at 61 Gracechurch street; 4 Cheapside; 63 and 150 Oxford street; 54 Upper Baker street.

DINNEFORD'S

PURE FLUID MAGNESIA has been, during twenty-five years, emphatically sanctioned by the Medical Profession, and universally accepted by the Public, as the best Remedy for ACIDITY of the STOMACH, HEARTBURN, HEADACHE, GOUT, and INDIGESTION, and as a mild Aperient for delicate constitutions, more especially for Ladies and Children. When combined with the ACIDULATED LEMON SYRUP, it forms an agreeable Effervescing Draught, in which its Aperient qualities are much increased. During Hot Seasons and in Hot Climates the REGULAR use of this simple and elegant remedy has been found highly beneficial. It is prepared (in a state of perfect purity and of uniform strength) by DINNEFORD and Co., 172 New Bond street, London; and sold by all respectable Chemists throughout the World.

TEETH and PAINLESS DENTISTRY.

Messrs LEWIN MOSELY and SONS, 30 Berners street, Oxford street (Established 1820), direct attention to a new and patented ir provement in Artificial Teeth, by which a GUM COLOURED is sub

SLACK'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE

Engravings, and Prices of Fenders, Fire-irons, Furnishing
Ironmongery, Slack's Nickel and Electro-Plated Wares,
Table Cutlery, &c. No person should furnish without one.

RICHARD and JOHN SLACK,

Fronmongers to Her Majesty,
336 Strand, opposite Somerset House.

HANDELIERS in BRONZE and
ORMOLU for DINING-ROOM and LIBRARY.
Candelabra, Moderator Lamps, in Bronze, Ormolu, China,
and Glass. Statuettes in Parian, Vases and other Orna-
ments, in a Show Room erected expressly for these articles.
OSLER, 45 Oxford street, W.

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stituted for the metals and soft absorbing agents, generally STURE.-Fifty sets of Dining Tables, and Sixty Sideboards,
of elegant desigus; also, an immense variety of Dining-
room Chairs, with the prices marked in plain figures, are
now on View in the Show-Rooms of Messrs DRUCE and
Co., 68, 69, and 58 Baker street.
N.B.-500 Easy Chairs and Settees, and 100 Fashionable
Wardrobes, to select from. A Warranty for Twelve Months
is given. Down Quilts, 5s. 6d. each.

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OLLOWAY'S OINTMENT asked by sufferers from tumours, abscesses, and other alarming diseases, "What treatment of my malady is the safest and surest ?" The unsolicited testimony of thousands points but Holloway's Ointment and Pills as the most reliable of all curative means. The drugs of which they are compounded are highly purifying, very strengthening, and altogether uninjurious. The Ointment, when applied to the One Gallon of YOUNG'S OIL gives more LIGHT, and affected part, counteracts al bad humours which are feeding burns longer, than One Gallon and a Quarter of Crystal, the disease and poisoning the system. The Pills purify the Rock, or any of the American or Petroleum Oils. Lamp Dealers. YOUNG'S OIL may be had Retail of all respectable Oil and

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-The PENINSULAR and ORIENTAL STEAM NAVIGA-
TION COMPANY BOOK PASSENGERS and RECEIVE
CARGO and PARCELS at their LONDON OFFICE, for
GIBRALTAR, MALTA, EGYPT, ADEN, CEYLON, MADRAS,
CALCUTTA, THE STRAITS, and CHINA, by their Steamers
For GIBRALTAR, MALTA, EGYPT, ADEN, and BOMBAY,
by those of the 12th and 27th of each month; and for
MAURITIUS, REUNION, KING GEORGE'S SOUND,
MELBOURNE, and SYDNEY, by the Steamers leaving South-
ampton on the 20th of every month.

For further particulars apply at the Company's Offices, 122
Leadenhall street, E.C., London; or Oriental place, South-
ampton.

VISITING AND WEDDING CARDS
ENGRAVED AND PRINTED,

By first-class workmen, at
LIMBIRD'S, 344 STRAND,
OPPOSITE WATERLOO BRIDGE.

Wedding Stationery, Heraldic Engraving, Die Sinking,
Plates for Marking Linen, Books, &c.
LIMBIRD'S, 344 STRAND, W.C.

HAND-MADE SHIRTS,

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UNEQUALLED for ACCURACY of FIT, FABRIC, and held at the Bank, in Lothbury, on WEDNESDAY, the 20th

WORK, are made to Measure by
Mrs LIMBÍRD, Practical Shirt Maker,

844 STRAND, OPPOSITE WATERLOO BRIDGE.
Six for 42s., 36s., and 33s.

Homeopathic Practitioners, and the Medical Profession generally, recommend Cocoa as being the most healthful of all beverages. When the doctrine of Homœopathy was first introduced into this country, there were to be obtained no preparations of Cocoa either attrac

day of January next, at One o'clock precisely, to declare a Dividend; to submit for confirmation the election of Frederick Joseph Edlmann, Esq., who has been nominated by the Board of Directors in the place of James William Gilbart, Esq., F.R.S., deceased; and to elect Three Directors in the place of Thomas Chapman, Esq., F.R.S., John Peter Gassiot, Esq., F.R,S., and Henry Buckle, Esq, who retire by rotation, but being eligible for re-election offer themselves accordingly.

WILLIAM EWINGS, General Manager. Lothbury, Dec. 2, 1863.

of the on the

tive to the taste or acceptable to the stomach; the nut was 17he Transfer Book prepare for the Dividend, and will fofactured as to obtain little notice.

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open on the 4th January. Proprietors registered in the J. EPPS, of London, Homeopathic Chemist, was books of the Company on the 31st inst. will be entitled to induced in the year 1839 to turn his attention to this sub-the dividend for the current half-year on the number of ject, and at length succeeded, with the assistance of ela- shares then standing in their respective names. borate machinery, in being the first to produce an article PURE in its composition, and so refined by the perfect trituration it receives in the process it passes through, as to be most acceptable to the delicate stomach. For general use, EP PS'S сосод is distinguished as an INVIGORATING, GRATEFUL BREAKFAST BEVERAGE, possessing a most DELICIOUS AROMA.

Dr Hassall, in his work on "Adulterations of Food," says:
Cocoa contains a great variety of important nutritive princi
ples; every ingredient necessary to the growth and sustenance
of the body. Again, "as a nutritive, cocoa stands very much
higher than either coffee or tea."
Directions: Two teaspoonfuls of the powder in a breakfast
oup, Alled up with boiling water or milk.
Secured in tin-lined lb., lb., and 1lb. packets, labelled, and
sold at 1s. 6d. per lb., by Grocers, Confectioners, and Chemists.

Investments can be made either in the Share or Deposit departments, with prompt withdrawal when required. The Interest allowed is Five per Cent. per annum on Shares, and Four per Cent. on Deposits paid half-yearly. No partnership liability, and the taking of land is quite optional. Depositors do not become shareholders, and the latter only participate in any profits above the guaranteed Interest The Society has paid from 4 to 7 per Cent. to Shareholders, and they have received 5 per Cent. for the past year. Prospectuses, explanatory of the Share, Deposit and Land Departments, will be sent free of charge and postage to any part of the world. Plots of land for sale in Eighteen Counties, giving the freehold franchise and securing a safe investment.

CHARLES LEWIS GRUNCISEN, Secretary, 33 Norfolk street, Strand, London, W.C.

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HURST & BLACKETT'S BELLA DONNA; or, THE CROSS BEFORE THE NAME.

NEW WORKS.

COURT and SOCIETY from ELIZABETH

to ANNE. Edited from the Papers at Kimbolton. By
the DUKE OF MANCHESTER. 2 vols., demy 8vo. Fine
Portraits. 30s.
[Next week.

MEMOIRS of JANE CAMERON,
FEMALE CONVICT. By a PRISON MATRON, Author
of Female Life in Prison.' 2 vols., 218.
"This narrative, as we can well believe, is truthful in every
important particular-a faithful chronicle of a woman's fall
and rescue. It is a book that ought to be widely read."-
Examiner.

"There are many ways in which it has a rare value. The artistic touches in this book are worthy of De Foe."-Reader.

The DESTINY of NATIONS as

INDICATED in PROPHECY. By the Rev. JOHN
CUMMING, D.D. 1 vol., 7s. 6d.

"Among the subjects expounded by Dr Cumming in this interesting volume are The Little Horn, or the Papacy; The Waning Crescent-Turkey; the Lost Ten Tribes, and the Future of the Jews and Judea; Africa, France, Russia, America, Great Britain, &c."-Observer.

Major-General CAMPBELL'S NAR

RATIVE of THIRTEEN YEARS' SERVICE among the

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THE FOURTH AND CONCLUDING VOLUME OF

WASHINGTON IRVING'S LIFE AND LETTERS.

Edited by his Nephew, PIERRE M. IRVING. Richard Bentley, Publisher in Ordinary to her Majesty. Now ready, in 2 vols., post 8vo,

WILD TRIBES of KHONDISTAN for the Suppression M E A DO W LEIGH.

of Human Sacrifice. 1 vol., with Illustrations, 148. "We venture to predict for this work a very extensive appreciation of its merits. It is something far more wise and suggestive than an ordinary book of travels. There is a thoroughly hearty honest tone about General Campbell which takes us through his pages with almost the feeling of a personal sympathy."-Saturday Review.

TRAVELS and ADVENTURES of an

OFFICER'S WIFE in INDIA, CHINA, and NEW ZEALAND. By Mrs MUTER, wife of Lieut.-Col. D. D. Mater, 13th (Prince Albert's) Light Infantry. 2 vols., 218. "There is a great deal of pleasant reading in Mrs Muter's book, and a mass of valuable information."-Daily News. LODGE'S PEERAGE and BARONETAGE

for 1864. Under the especial patronage of her MAJESTY, and corrected by the NOBILITY, THIRTY-THIRD EDITION, in 1 vol., royal Svo, with the Arms beautifully engraved, 31s. 6d., handsomely bound with gilt edges. "A work of great value. It is the most faithful record we possess of the aristocracy of the day."-Morning Post.. CHEAP EDITION of LOST and

SAVED. By the Hon. Mrs NORTON. Illustrated by
Millais. 58. bound, forming the New Volume of Hurst
and Blackett's Standard Library.

A YOUNG ARTIST'S LIFE.
1 vol., 10s. 6d.
[Just ready.

THE NEW NOVELS.

WILDFIRE.

3 vols.

A NOVEL.

By the Author of The Ladies of Bever Hollow.'
Richard Bentley, New Burlington, street.

Now ready, at all Libraries, in 3 vols., post 8vo,
THE SECOND EDITION OF
THE SHADOW OF ASHLYDYAT.
By the Author of East Lynne.'
Richard Bentley, New Burlington street.

Now ready, in 2 vols., 8vo, 750 pages in each, 42s., THE HISTORY OF THE BRITISH NAVY,

From the EARLIEST PERIOD to the PRESENT TIME. By C. D. YONGE.

"The theme is one that will stir many a heart, young and old; and Mr Yonge has treated it in a manner that cannot fail to bring him honour."-Athenæum.

Richard Bentley, Publisher in Ordinary to her Majesty.

Now ready, in post 8vo, 10s. 6d., CHRISTMAS AT OLD COURT.

By the Author of 'Richelieu in Love.'
Richard Bentley, New Burlington street.

By Walter Thornbury. THE QUARTERLY REVIEW,

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Author of Grandmother's Money,' &c. 3 vols. "An excellent tale."-Daily News.

"A Woman's Ransom' will fascinate the attusilon of the reader to the very end."-John Bull.

"The interest of this story is unflagging."-Observer.

FOR EVER. A Story of English Country Life. By A CLERGYMAN. 3 vols.

A well written, interesting story. It will not fail to secure a large share of public favour."-Observer.

BARBARA'S HISTORY. By Amelia

B. EDWARDS, Author of 'My Brother's Wife,' &c. 3 vols. "If Miss Edwards goes on writing such stories as 'Barbara's History,' she will on some bright day of a lucky season wake up and find herself famous. We give her full credit for having written a thoroughly readable and deeply interesting novel."-Athenæum,

No. CCXXIX, will be published on SATURDAY NEXT, JANUARY 16th.

I. China.

CONTENTS:

II. American Views of England. III. Forsyth's Life of Cicero. IV. Guns and Plates.

Speke's Tela on the Nile. VI. Eels.

VII. Rome in the Middle Ages. VIII. The Danish Duchies.

John Murray, Albemarle street.

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The WIFE'S EVIDENCE. By W. G. WILLS, Author of Notice to Quit,' &c., 3 vols. "This story is very powerfully written, and imbued with a fascination which excites and sustains the reader's interest London: Longman and Co. Edinburgh: A. and C. Black. from beginning to end."-Daily News.

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DEDICATED BY SPECIAL PERMISSION TO H.R.H. THE PRINCE OF WALES.

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NEW WORKS.

The STORY of the GUNS. By Sir J. EMERSON TENNENT, K.C.L., LL.D., F.R.S. Post 8vo, with numerous Illustrations. [On Saturday next.

2.

The Second Edition of Mr J. A. FROUDE'S HISTORY of the REIGN of ELIZABETH

RECENTLY PUBLISHED. Vols. I and II. Price, with Medallion, 285.

1.

CAPT. SPEKE'S JOURNAL

OF THE

DISCOVERY of the SOURCE of the NILE.

In one large volume, 8vo, with numerous Illustrations, 21s.

. II.

SIR E. B. LYTTON'S
CAXTONIANA:

A SERIES OF ESSAYS ON LIFE, LITERATUure, and
MANNERS.

2 vols., post 8vo, 21s.

III.

PROFESSOR AYTOUN'S LAYS of the SCOTTISH CAVALIERS Illustrated by J. NOEL PATON and W. B. PATON. With Engravings on Wood in the highest style of the art, small 4to, cloth gilt, 21s.

IV.

LIEUT.-COLONEL FREMANTLE'S

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THREE MONTHS in the SOUTHERN From the German of Spitta, Gerhardt, and other favourite

STATES,

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William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London.

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Progress of Art-Manufacture :-Art in Iron. Illustrated.
Portrait Painting in England. By Peter Cunningham, F.S.A.
Hymns in Prose. Illustrated.

Lays of the Scottish Cavaliers. Illustrated.
History of Caricature and of Grotesque in Art. By T.
Wright, M. A., F.S.A. Illustrated.

New Hall China. A History of the New Hall Porcelain Works at Shelton. By Llewellynn Jewitt, F.S.A. Illustrated.

The Department of Science and Art.

William Blake the Artist.
New Method of Engraving and Multiplying Prints, &c.
Early Sun-Pictures. &c., &c., &c.

Also three Line Engravings, viz. :

"Alice Lisle." By F. Heath. From the Picture by E. M. Ward, R.A.

"Venice: from the Canal of the Giudecca." By E. Brandard. From the Picture by J. M. W. Turner, R.A. "A Vision." By R. A. Artlett. From the Bas-relief by J. Edwards.

Engravings will be given during the year 1864 from Pictures by E. M. Ward, R.A., W. P. Frith, R.A., T. Faed, A.R.A., H. O'Neil, A.R.A., J. Phillip, RA, Noel Paton R.S.A., J. R. Herbert, R.A., A. Elmore, R.A., D. Maclise, R.A., P. F. Poole, R.A., John Linnell, F. Goodall, A.R.A., C. R. Leslie, R.A., J. C. Hook, R.A., &c., &c.

Of works in Sculpture, the "Reading Girl" (Magni), the "Finding of Moses" (Spence), "Ariel" (Lough), "Monumept to Nicholson " (Foley), "Religion" (Edwards),

THE BROWN

BOOK;

A Book of Ready Reference for the use of Visitors and
Residents in London.

Containing selected Lists of Hotels, Boarding Houses, Dining Rooms, Lodgings, &c. Full and Practical Information as to Charities of every description, Libraries and Institutions, Days of Meeting of the Scientific Societies, Amusements, Theatrical, Musical, &c. With other useful information, the whole classified in a novel manner.

Also,

A HANDY LIST, showing the nearest PostOffice, Telegraph Station, Cab Stand, Fire Engine, &c. &c., to 1,000 principal streets.

London: Saunders, Otley, and Co., 66 Brook street, W.; and all Booksellers, Newsagents, and Railway Bookstalls.

Now ready, with Four Maps of the Duchies, &c., 8vo, 12s.,

LYRA DOMESTICA, Second Hymn-writers, by R. MASSIE. Fcap. 8vo.

9.

[On Tuesday next.

NOTES on HOSPITALS. By FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE. Third Edition, enlarged; with Thirteen Plans. Post 4to, price 18s.

10.

The Rev. HAROLD BROWNE'S EXPOSITION of the THIRTY-NINE ARTICLES, Historical and Doctrinal. Sixth Edition. 8vo, 16s.

11.

The BISHOP of GLOUCESTER and BRISTOL'S COMMENTARY on ST PAUL'S EPISTLE to the GALATIANS. Third Edition, revised. 8vo, Ss. 6d.

12.

The BISHOP of NATAL'S WORK on the PENTATEUCH and BOOK of JOSHUA. Part IV, 8ro, 10s. 6d.

13.

14.

The Rev. Dr HOWSON'S HULSEAN LECTURES on the CHARACTER of ST PAUL. STO. [On Thursday next. SCRIPTURAL PARAPHRASES: Commentary wholly Biblical on some of the Collects, Epistles, and Gospels. By a LAYMAN. 8vo, 18s.

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NEW EDITIONS OF CONTANSEAU'S FRENCH WORKS, Forming a complete Course of Modern French, in use at Woolwich, Sandhurst, Harrow, Cheltenham, Marlborough, &c., and very generally in Ladies' Schools. Now ready, in 12mo, price 5s., bound,

ENMARK and GERMANY SINCE MODERN FRENCH

DEN

1815. By CHARLES A. GOSCH. John Murray, Albemarle street.

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GRAMMAR ;

comprising Vocabularies, Conversational Lessons, and copious Exercises composed from the best Authors of the Present Day. By LEON CONTANSEAU, Examiner in French for Military and Civil Appointments, &c. Fifth

Edition:

FIRST STEP in FRENCH

8. d.

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PROSATEURS et POETES FRANCAIS 66 PRECIS de la LITTERATURE FRANCAISE 5 0 ABREGE de l'HISTOIRE de FRANCE PRACTICAL FRENCH DICTIONARY POCKET FRENCH D.

London: Longman, Green,

London: Printed by CHARLES REYNELL, of

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at his Printing-office, Number 16 Little Pulteney street, in the Parish of St James, Westminster, in the County of Middlesex, and published by GEORGE LAPHAM, of Number Wellington street, in the Strand, in the aforesaid County of Middlesex, at Number 9 Wellington, street aforesaid. Saturday, January 9, 1864.

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Mr J.

ELIZARE

CAULAY OCESSION

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No. 2,920.]

THE POLITICAL EXAMINER.

If I might give a short hint to an impartial writer it would be to tell him his fate If he resolved to venture upon the dangerous precipice of telling unbiassed truth let him proclaim war with mankind neither to give nor to take quarter. If he tells the crimes of great men they fall upon him with the iron hands of the law; if he tells them of virtues, when they have any, then the mob attacks him with slander. But if he regards truth, let him expect martyrdom on both ides, and then he may go on fearless; and this is the course I take myself.

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M. THIERS IN OPPOSITION.

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to all improvement, and never a promoter of it. Your said that any one's liberty may be taken away under a
taxation was almost as heavy as ours, yet you did nothing certificate even less guarded than the one in question; but
with it, leaving fleet and army so diminished in strength, there are after-checks and remedy for error or abuse in
that France ceased to have a voice potential in the affairs the one case and none in the present. The respite once
of Europe. The only good thing you ever did was by a granted by force of certificate, the sentence can never be
trick. You filched the Spanish marriages from England, carried into effect, however manifest might subsequently
instead of fairly and bravely carrying them by either war be the sanity of the criminal. It would be, at least, as
or diplomacy.
revolting to hang a man whose execution had been inde-
finitely stayed as it would be to hang one out of his mind;
and we stop not to inquire how it is that it is thought
more cruel to put to death a man out of his senses than
one in his senses, but so it seems to be ruled absolutely by
the interpreters of public feeling.

health like that of mental health. Suppose that upon cerLet us for a moment suppose a law relating to bodily tificate any one could be laid hold of, carried to a hospital, or licensed place of cure, and dosed and regimened. Would not every trifling symptom be treated as proof of serious disease? Would not the definition of health be strained higher and higher, that of disease more and more enlarged, till it would seem difficult to find any one answering the description of the hale and hearty?

These were hard hits, in direct reply to which M. Thiers could have said little. He has, however, the great argument that the resources, both financial and military, with M. Thiers has opened the debate on the Address in the which the Emperor has done these great things, were French Legislative Body with a most remarkable speech, prepared for him by the pacific and constitutional governwhich charmed every one, even the Imperialists, but which constitutional government educated the statesmen, the stances of Townley's certificate, alleged to be the result of ment of Louis Philippe. And, moreover, that pacific and It would be little profitable now to discuss the circumsatisfied no one. It was impossible to make opposition functionaries, the diplomatists, and the generals with a foregone conclusion. If the conviction was sincere and smaller or humbler, or to draw out a Petition of Rights in whom the Emperor has worked. If the Emperor has inaugu- grounded, the date of it is of no consequence. But it is too a name less shocking to the authorities. But he spoke rated free trade, completed railroads, accomplished vast certain that medical fancies are enlarging more and more the some truths which the Bonapartists could not stomach, public works, no doubt despotism gave him power to effect definition of insanity, and the enlargement that embraces made concessions that the constitutionalists would not hear all this without parliamentary control. But the previous crime, and gives it impunity, will inevitably be made to free Governments had discussed and examined all these embrace also cases of private conduct. We cannot shut our of, and hinted others that made the hair stand on the head questions, all these projects, and all these laws. The eyes to the fact that the interest and the practice are in the of the thorough French liberal. M. Thiers, it is evident, Emperor had but to take them ready drawn up from the exactest correspondence. The men who make lunacy. can never lead a party in the French Assembly. He is too portfolios of the functionaries and ministers of the last their specialty are always industriously at work extending much tied to his part. He has been a Minister of repres- régime. What he has done he may have done by his own the net, adding new meshes, and taking in more and more sion. He is decidedly governmental in the French sense, preceded him. power, but he also has worked with the ideas of those who of their quarry. It is a steady aggrandizement of the Freedom, though crushed, dies leaving arbitrary realm of insanity. and all he really demands is, that the Emperor would its land full of good seed. Despotism, when it dies, leaves varnish over his government with a less transparent coat of nothing but the ground it has exhausted or the tares and liberalism than that with which it is at present lacquered. Poppies it has sown. M. Thiers is, however, directly at variance with the Imperial system on one point. He would have parliament THE VETO ON CRIMINAL JUSTICE. a school and a university of politics, on the benches of The remonstrance of the Derbyshire Magistrates has which aspirants might show their talents, and from which drawn from the Home Office a very becoming reply, in they should be selected by the sovereign, the majority direct- which it is explained that the course of justice was stopped ing the principle of a Government, and providing the by a certificate of lunacy signed by two medical men and The Mad Doctors have this peculiar privilege, that they instruments to carry it on. This, indeed, was a question two Justices of Peace, which, in the case of a prisoner lay down the law for making their patients. If other under sentence of death or imprisonment, makes his doctors could do the same by bodily health, what would which it was idle to argue, for facts and experience have transfer to a lunatic asylum obligatory. Such it seems is become of us? The streets would be thin, the hospitals already decided it. The Emperor has tried his own the law under a statute of 1840. Any two medical overflowing, and half the population confined for falling system of government, that is, of an administration in- practitioners and any two magistrates of a district, who short of a gigantic standard of health. It is high time dependent of parliament and people, and it has signally agree to regard a criminal as insane, are thus supreme that the crotchets of the lunacy-mongers should be failed. Baroche and Billault, as well as Fould, were men over the law of the land. They may do all that the pre-checked as dangerous, and all proceeding in the direction reared under the old charter of the Orleans dynasty and rogative can do, and in a shorter way, simply by putting of the professional interests to the multiplication of constitution. They gone, where is the Emperor to find their pens to paper. The Home Office is thus exonerated patients. their successors? His ow system begets none. It is from all blame for the respite of Townley; but charged as effete. And the Emperor has evidently the intention of it is with the duty of supervising justice, it has clearly been changing it. At first his system admitted no minister to most remiss in suffering so dangerous a law to remain in be present at the debates of the Chambers, at least no force, especially as it has not been a dead letter, or slumminister with a portfolio. Now he has appointed a Minister of State, supposed to be the chief depositary of the Emperor's secrets, to sit in the Legislative Body, and to answer for the Government.

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How this change has been forced upon the Emperor is pretty evident. In the first Assembly after 1852 the Opposition had no orators, and the Government speakers had naturally the best of every debate. Of late the contrary has been the case. Had Billault lived, he might have been a match for Thiers; but M. Rouher, his successor, is not. And when the people of France read the Moniteur, they must now see that the Opposition is more eloquent and more liberal than the Government. This would not do for any time. It has already shown its results in Paris, and similar results might appear in the provinces. The return, therefore, to the parliamentary constitutional system is inevitable.

With the whole case now before us, it is clear that the first error was Mr. Baron Martin's request for inquiry. Quod quæris habes. The trial over which he presided was all the inquiry fitting and necessary. But the judge was staggered by the confidence of Dr. Winslow's opinion. Why if there had been a question about the matter Dr. Winslow would have declared Baron Martin mad. We are all mad according to his strained standard of reason, and large definition of insanity. But no harm would have followed if the matter had rested with the inquiry of the Lunacy Commissioners, and the judgment on their able report. They found Townley not indeed of sound mind, but coherent in his reasoning, and understanding all involved in a train of reasoning upon preposterously false premisses, and they conclude thus to the point.

Being of opinion, therefore, that the prisoner continues to be now in the same mental state as when he committed the murder and underMr Baron Martin to this case, the prisoner, George Townley, was went his trial we think that, applying the law as laid down by justly convicted.

bered, but has once before been carried into effect The Times observes on the explanation of the Home Secretary: This statement ought to be sufficient, as we shall presently point out, to remove any feeling of jealousy in regard to the supposed injustice of the proceedings, but it discloses a state of things which ought to be far more startling and alarming to the public mind than the worst suspicions hitherto entertained. A partial administration of justice could in this country only be an accidental and isolated circumstance, and would be sure, if it occurred, to be decisively put a stop to. But the existence of a law so egregiously absurd as this enactment appears to be is far more serious. We have always been accustomed to suppose that the prerogative of pardon rested entirely but the Queen's mercy, exercised upon the recommendation of the with the Sovereign; that when a prisoner was once convicted nothing Home Secretary, could save him. But from this statute it would appear that a prisoner under sentence of death can at any time be reprieved by mere force of a certificate of his insanity, drawn up by attested by two justices of the peace of any idiosyncrasies or intellitwo physicians or surgeons of any character or opinions whatever, Upon this report there could be but one judgment, but gence whatever. Now, as it has been made abundantly evident, in meanwhile the certificate was signed which paralysed But although M. Rouher is no match for M. Thiers, he the course of the discussion on this case, that medical men of high justice. Four gentlemen had formed an inquisition, and still had the advantage over the latter in one kind of standing may be found who will certify to the existence of insanity come to a conclusion which nullified the verdict and senargument, and the minister certainly pushed that ad- in almost any conceivable case of murder, and who, indeed, would tence of a criminal Court, and gave impunity to murder. vantage with felicity and force. The abstract or theoretic be more likely to give the required certificate the worse the murder was, it is certain that the medical security for the due execution of It matters not how they did this. What concerns the superiority of parliamentary government to Imperial absolu- justice in the spirit of the law is worth absolutely nothing. Nor do public is that there should be no such power, or at least tism M. Rouher faintly disputed. He knew that this was not we see that matters are made much better by the required addition no such power in hands of such uncertain fitness. The the field on which to hold the combat. He adroitly passed of the signatures of two justices of the peace. It would be hard if medical profession is the very largest, and has extremes of to a comparison between the practical results of the parlia-out of the magistrates of a county town two could not be induced, the very highest and very lowest qualification and chamentary system established and at work under the Orleans some crotchet or sentiment, or by some popular cry, to endorse such racter. The magistracy, too, is a large body, for the most dynasty, and the results of the Imperial system since the a certificate. We do not see, for our part, why anybody need be part highly respectable and trustworthy, but having its weak coronation of Napoleon the Third. What had you done hanged with this loophole to escape by. At all events, we are certain members. Out of these two bodies in every county it can during the eighteen years of Louis Philippe's reign, asked that any clever rascal, by the help of any clever lawyer, might take never be difficult to pick two of each who would take M. Rouher. You pretended great sympathy for Italy, and a wrong-headed, crochety view of any question of sanity occupied Ancona, which you subsequently evacuated in things. It has been found dangerous that the authority of involving life and death. Mark how such a question order to leave Austria mistress of Italy. In contrast with a Judge and jury should be set aside by a Minister acting under the acts upon the best minds, and then judge of its operations this, look at our campaign of Solferino and its consequences. authority of the Queen; but here the authority, not only of Judge on the worse. If Baron Martin was staggered by the Russia throughout Louis Philippe's reign insulted France and jury, but of the Queen herself, is set aside by two magistrates extravagant doctrines of Dr. Winslow, can we wonder then and two medical practitioners. The Act is said to have been hastily and showed contempt of the dynasty. The attempt to treat and inconsiderately passed in 1840, and it cannot be doubted that if magistrates with less reason for self-reliance are swayed France in the same way under the Emperor led to the cam- such a flagrant anomaly will be at once rectified. It is to be hoped, by the nearest medical authority always besetting them, paign of Sebastopol and the neutralization of the Black Sea. too, that the attention of Parliament being thus imperatively drawn and alleging their intimate, knowledge of the particular In domestic affairs were you more successful than in to the question, it will take the opportunity to lay down some satisThere should be no such power as that so incomforeign? You maintained prohibitions of every kind. Your factory law for the decision of similar cases for the future. prehensibly created by the Act of 1840, or it should be character and your Government were under the thumb of A Minister of Justice, whose sole business was justice, vested where there are qualifications and character of the the landowner, the large possessor, the manufacturer of would not have let the public be surprised and scandalised highest order for its safe exercise. all kinds, so that you could not move an inch in the way by the discovery of a dispensing power over justice placed As we have said before, in this particular instance we of improvement. You were incapable of making a com- within reach of any two medical men and any two magis- think little of the charge of foregone conclusion; for if the mercial treaty with any power. The smallest amelioration trates. With a proper watch over the interests of justice, gentlemen who signed the certificate really thought of post-office, of quarantine, became instantly a mountain the Act of 1840 could never have passed, or, having | Townley insane, they could not suffer him to go to execuin your way, parliamentary opposition being an obstacle passed, would have been repealed or amended. It may be tion because they had formed a strong opinion that he

either by a clever lawyer, or by the medical men themselves, or by

advantage of the Act.
It is scarcely possible to exhaust the anomaly of such a state of

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he can require, he is encouraging the import of munitions of war by

ought not to be executed. They were not to let the man and is in league with unprincipled traders in Shanghai. Although word "defiant" used. It is of the mintage of the penny die waiting an unprejudiced opinion on his case. The he can procure from the British stores all such military supplies as romances, and unknown to the English language. There whole mischief lies in the monstrous law of 1840, an private firms, and granting permits to land the same in spite of all is the verb to defy, and the substantives defy (obsolete), arbitrary dispensing power placed within the reach of our proclamations against the importation by foreigners of goods con- and defiance, but no such word as defiant. The writers of some hundred thousand hands, good, bad, and indifferent, traband of war. Having secured the services of an excellent officer the sensation school probably borrowed it from the French nay, some few possibly corrupt. in Major Gordon, who appears to have entered his service, not that défiant without understanding the French, and attributing of the Emperor of China (for he holds no authority from the latter), to the word the sense of defyingly instead of distrustingly. Foutai Lé proceeds to render him powerless, and to hamper his

CAPTAIN SHERARD OSBORNE AND THE
CHINESE GOVERNMENT.

action in two ways-first, by depriving him of the means to carry And so it is that our language gets corrupted from the out any decisive measures; and next, by placing in exactly similar basest, the most illiterate sources. positions a number of other Europeans, and playing one off against the other. Major Gordon wishes to attack Souchow-foo, and asks for 100 Europeans. The Foutai agrees, but says the 100 men must Que diable alloit-il faire dans cette galère?-Il ne son-only be entered for one month. Gordon declines to enter into any geoit pas à ce qui est arrivé.-Captain Osborne thought he such arrangement, seeing its injustice and folly. The Foutai insults thoroughly understood the Chinese and their perfidy, but the assaulting column shall be formed of all the European officers in him by questioning his desire to fight the rebels, and proposes that he did not. Hence he let himself out to the Emperor to his employ, and that over their bodies the Chinese would advance to fight his rebels, upon conditions (wanting nothing but victory.

the Foutai, that he will listen to no advice or suggestion the General

END OF OUR LITTLE WARS IN PESHAWUR
AND JAPAN.

The bare mention of the names of these places shows the wide expansion of the interests in which, wisely or unwisely, validity) which would have given him freedom to act with Again, what faith can I have in any mandarin's listening to my we are concerned, for Peshawur and Japan are, at least, 6,000 the greatest efficiency, and at the same time secured him advice as a subordinate, when I am told by General Brown, Com- miles from each other, and 13,000 from England. We against being made the instrument of any barbarity. Formander-in-Chief of our military forces in China, and the superior of have but a few words to say of either of these wars, for these objects it was agreed between the Inspector-General, offers; that he purposely avoids all conference with him; and when they are not of any great importance. Let us begin with the Lay, who had the management of the affair upon the part an interview is sought by General Brown insolently replies that he first named. Peshawur we believe is a Persian word, sig. of the Chinese Government, and Captain Osborne, that is too busy to see him? and be it remembered that Foutai Lé is not nifying the advanced post, that is, the first place occupied Osborne should be the Commander-in-Chief of the European a bit more unreasonable than other mandarins, and that he is an by the Northern nations in their invasion of India. The Chinese navy acting under orders from the Emperor through average specimen of his class. whole North-western frontier of India in bounded by a

the Inspector-General, and no others. On these and other Yet, knowing the incorrigible fatuity and faithlessness broad chain of mountains, with several passes through it, understood conditions he equipped and went out with a of this conceited people, Captain Osborne would have long, narrow, intricate, and difficult. This chain contains flotilla to China, where he found such terms proposed as entered their service, relying upon engagements, pretext many small valleys, and these are inhabited by a rude, left him no alternative but to break off and return home for breaking which would full surely never be wanting. warlike, and indigenous race, fanatical because they are with his squadron. In a word, he had gone on a fool's With the pretensions of knowingness there is a simplicity Mahomedans, for without Mahomedanism there is no errand, and comes back with his fingers in his mouth, in this conduct absolutely ludicrous.

We have to deal with Asiatics prone to deceit and falsehood, ready to evade any engagement, directly it interferes with their views or momentary interests. We are about to afford them material military aid, and it behoves us to guard against its being misapplied, and thereby bring scandal upon ourselves and those who in Great Britain

fanaticism in the East. These men have been the sure

THE DUKE OF CAMBRIDGE ON THE FINDING notwithstanding this common designation, assumed, no

OF THE CRAWLEY COURT-MARTIAL.

saying, "Who'd have thought it?" But he ought to The wisdom of our Government does not shine in the enemies of all who pass through their fastnesses. They have thought it, for he professes to know these people, and license it gave for this expedition against all sound inter- opposed Alexander, and Timur, and Baber, in their invasion .that not the slightest dependance is to be placed on their national principle, and not less against long experience, of India, and they opposed ourselves when going to Cabul engagements. Indeed, for the memorandum of agreement which teaches the utmost distrust of all Chinese engage- and returning from it. The valleys in question are inhabited between Inspector Lay and Captain Osborne, it is set forth ments. by a people who have taken the general name of Eusofzees by them that (better written Yusofzis) meaning sons of Joseph, but doubt, only since their conversion to Mahomedanism, they are divided into several independent tribes. It would appear from a well-written letter in the Times dated from Peshawur, that during the last fifty years the Eusofzees have been joined by a considerable number of settlers from Northern India, and since the mutiny in 1857 by mutineer His Royal Highness trusts that he will prove by tact and judgment sepoys. These parties had established themselves in the in the performance of his duties that he appreciates the importance of valley of Sitana, at a town called Mulka. Here was the the past has not been lost upon him. his position as a commanding officer, and that the painful experience of den of thieves from which issued the parties that levied discretion, united with firmness, that the command of a regiment can military operations were directed. The force consisted For it is only by a happy combination of temper, judgment, and black mail on our territories, and against which our be properly conducted, and the more difficult the elements with which of 6,000 soldiers, which besides "much cattle" would commanding officer may have to deal the more requisite is it for him imply a host-including servants, drivers, and camp-folpossess and exercise those qualifications for command. lowers of some 60,000, a number that we may easily

have promoted our views; above all we are to take care that the great power and proportionate responsibilities conferred upon us by her Majesty's Order in Council be not abused by us, by our successors, or by the Chinese authorities.

The verdict of the Court-Martial on Colonel Crawley is approved, and Colonel Crawley is reinstated in the command of the Inniskilling Dragoons, with this gentle hint for the improvement of his conduct:

But here is the foolish inconsistency that, while they knew that no faith was to be expected, they were proposing conditions worthless without faith. Indeed these two gentlemen, so knowing in Chinese affairs, were reckoning on impossibilities and after all, the Chinese Government was not more, but less false than might have been expected. It did not promise all that was asked, and fulfil nothing. It did not get the flotilla into its service against the rebels, As Terence says, Haec commemoratio quasi exprobatio est. believe was not easily maintained in a poor country with and then break all its engagements. It did at once what The Commander-in-Chief proceeds to deal more plainly a hostile population.

a

to

a

with even worse faith it might have done at last. It made and unsparingly with the conduct of Major Swindley, The force commenced its march in the middle of October none of its easy false promises. It proposed to place Sergeant Turnbull, and Adjutant Fitz Simon, whose evidence and returned in the middle of December, having had two Captain Osborne under its Chinese Commander-in-Chief, he pronounces evasive, hesitating, and unsatisfactory. All engagements with the enemy. They destroyed the robbers' and three Governors of Provinces, and so passively was he of these gentlemen are to be removed from the regiment. haunt, and lost in killed and wounded 500 men and to be under these authorities or their deputies as not to be That may be a necessary step in the circumstances, but we thirty-five officers. In the conduct of the expedition there able to stir hand or foot-"to act, advance, retire, or confess that we do not like to see it placed in the order of appears to have been a diplomatic mistake. As soon as "remain stationary," without conferring with these digni- punishment consequent on the evidence they gave before our force had entered the mountain country, it attacked taries, and accepting their decisions as final. the Court-Martial. Evidence ought to be privileged, and the tribes indiscriminately, instead of confining itself to Captain Osborne very properly refused to be placed in if witnesses for a prosecution know that they have to the peccant party. As soon as a more sagacious and bettersuch thraldom under the pretence of a command, but his apprehend reprimand and punishment for the manner or informed political agent presented himself, the mistake was reasoning for the expectation of a better treatment seems substance of testimony, they will suppress or qualify what corrected, and the principal tribe, coming over to us, assisted to us of the sort called reckoning without the host: they might otherwise fully and boldly state, and the in- in the punishment of the marauders. What surprises us To the argument advanced by the Chinese Foreign-office "that the terests of truth and justice must accordingly suffer. is the extent of the force employed. We should have course proposed by Prince Kung is a usual one in China," I reply I A witness should not be made to feel that he is on his thought that one-third of the number ought to have did not come here, or my followers either, to accustom ourselves to trial without the opportunity of defence, and that the ruin sufficed, and would surely have been far more easily the treatment usual with Chinese sailors or soldiers, or to assist them of his professional prospects may depend on the con- fed and handled. It was at least equal in number, and in a retrogressive policy in the treatment of European employés or struction put on his evidence, the animus attributed to it. far superior in material, to the armies with which Clive, Europeans in general. The employment of ships of war and war No usage can justify a practice contrary to the first prin- Wellington, and others have gained great and decisive steamers of European construction is an innovation, that of European officers and gentlemen still more so. I and my force are part and ciples of justice. parcel of a new order of things indicating "progress in China." I will And how one-sided is this animadversion. If the pro- Such little wars as that now terminated may be expected be no party to her lapsing back into her ancient system and treating secution is open to censure, so, too, should be the defence, to occur now and then for a long series of years to come, Europeans as if they were Chinamen. and the Commander-in-Chief might have made his observa- for in India, besides its principal more civilised nations, And because he and his forces as he would have com- tions on Colonel Crawley's affront to the Court, which he there exist, exclusive of mountaineers on our frontiers, manded them would have indicated, and to some extent, charged with playing fast and loose with principles; and a considerable number of half savages, protected by realized progress in China, he and his flotilla were sent on his insult to Mr Smales, glanced at as an habitual forests and hill fastnesses, ready to commit raids on home. It is the old story of the devil sick. The rebellion liar. These and other outbreaks betrayed the temper and the peaceful plains for any real or imaginary injury; is a chronic trouble to the Chinese Government, but the character of the man, and might as properly or improperly Thus we have had wars with the Gonds of Central suppression of it by an English force acknowledging no have been made matter of animadversion as the manner of India, men who had their yearly human sacrifices to directing authority but the Emperor's, doubtless seemed the evidence of Messrs Swindley, Turnbull, and Fitz Simon. bless the earth with fertility; we had a war with the a remedy worse than the disease. His Royal Highness deplores the alteration in the Sontals, a people of whom no one at a distance had heard

battles.

And looking at the matter from Prince Kung's point of Inniskillings, but he has touched upon the cause of it in until we were at war with them. Such also was the case view, we can hardly be surprised at his preferring known reciting the qualities and demeanour requisite in a com- with the mountaineers of Assam and Cachar, whose incur to unknown evils. He was warned, we may be sure, that manding officer. It is because that "happy combination" sions we had hardly put an end to when we are assailed by the people strong enough to put down the rebellion which was wanting that the regiment fell into discord and in- the Eusofzees at the distance of some 2,000 miles. But the Government could not quell, would be strong enough subordination. What it will be henceforth it is not such petty wars, although troublesome and rather costly, by a parity of reasoning to cope with the Government difficult to conjecture, and certainly no good soldier of in no manner involve the stability of our empire. itself; and that it was the way of the English in the East, Lilley's class will be disposed to serve in it. Truly, says As to our quarrel with the Japanese, that certainly to come in as auxiliaries and to remain as conquerors and the Duke, without discipline an army is worse than promised for a moment to be formidable, but it too has masters. And it cannot be denied that our antecedents useless, but the question is, how discipline is to be main- been brought to an end, and for the present, at least, there warrant this jealousy. We may know better and do better tained in an army whose laws do not protect its soldiers is no prospect of a war with Japan, although we must now, but in these matters we have a character to retrieve against wrongs, and in which such a case as Lilley's expect from time to time to have threats of war from the which requires time. And how should we like to see a remains unpunished, a scandal to the service, and deterring dissatisfaction of the feudatory Princes at our presence. French auxiliary force engaged in this intestine Chinese the better sort of men from entering it. Even they, we have no doubt, may come to be conciliated, strife. Should we not have our misgivings of the turn The Commander-in-Chief retracts a censure he had passed when, through the prosperity of trade, they share their such an intervention might take? on Sir H. Rose in a way which implies that there was custom duties and get better prices for the produce of their All's well that ends well, and glad we are that no more foundation for the statement that Lilley drank to excess. estates. For the present they are wretched conservatives English hands are to be lent to the uses of the barbarous There is no proof to that effect. All that is proved is that in matters of trade; but in time they will come, no doubt, Government of China. The treatment of those still in he drank some brandy, probably more than was good for to their senses, like others of the same class of thinkers this faithless service is thus described by Captain Osborne: him, as he was of a full habit, and little might be too much, nearer home.

As to the punishment of the Prince of Foutai Lé is an able Chinaman, and as unprincipled as all Chinese but to this he was probably driven by his unmerited, illegal, Satsuma, we confess that we ourselves could, from the officials. His plan would be to render me powerless, and then to and cruel imprisonment in the heat of a tropical summer. beginning, see nothing amiss about it, unless, indeed, use or toss me aside, just as he does all European leaders in his force. We shall have an opportunity before long of returning that the tone of those who inflicted it was somewhat too He is a civilian by education, ruling over military and naval affairs without the slightest knowledge of either. He is squandering the to this case, so here we stop. For the first time in an official document we see the to this conclusion, for he admits that he struck the first revenue of the province as well as that derived from European trade,

exultant. Even the Prince himself seems to have come

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THE EXAMINER, JANUARY 16, 1864.

TOWNLEY.-WRIGHT.

For

35 blow, has engaged to pay the indemnity for the murder | shadow of right, or of policy, or of common sense in the disturbed, but there was a clamour in Glasgow, and it was of Mr Richardson, and agrees to use his best endeavours affair. And yet English writers are found ready to cheer said the sentence could not be carried into effect without to discover and punish the assassins. All that remains for on the Turks to this military crusade against the Christians, three regiments to enforce it, and prevent a rescue. us to do is to conduct ourselves with forbearance, justice, which must prove the ruin of both; for certainly the Wright the appeals for mercy were not so backed, for the and firmness towards the Japanese. There must be no Mussulmans will not be the least sufferers by such a struggle. mob of London is more obedient to law, but Wright's encroachment on their sovereignty, and above all no execution is the first for many years revolting to the cession of territory demanded. The rest must be left to time and to the humanising influences of trade. That trade popular, we may say, the general feeling. And to say the is already respectable. This year, for example, the Japanese least, that is a very ugly fact, for thus "bad begins and worse remains behind." are expected to export 30,000 bales of raw silk, which is about fifteenfold the quantity furnished by China forty years ago, and the tea which they now export has advanced from nothing until it exceeds in quantity all that our own Indian territories supply-the fruit of thirty years' exertions. The estimated population of Japan is hardly onetwelfth part of that of China, but its trade is, even now in its infancy, far greater in proportion to the number of its inhabitants, although but the growth of five short years. That is a trade which, while it is equally beneficial to the Japanese and ourselves, must not be lightly surrendered.

ANOTHER QUARREL.

Whilst the embers of national strife and popular rivalry are with difficulty kept from bursting into flame upon the Eider, we are threatened with another little war in the opposite corner of Europe. The Parliament of MoldoWallachia has voted the resumption by the State of the property possessed by foreign (Greek) monks, these having refused to pay any dues to the State, or enter into a compromise or negotiation with it. We may defer entering into the merits of the case; but meanwhile beg to say, that diplomacy is worth very little, if its mission be to provoke wars, instead of preventing them. Surely it can prevent any such outbreak between Turks and Christians, if it would be as fair to one as to the other, and act as the real high-minded arbiter and umpire, instead of making itself a party in every cause, and seeking to set Turk against Christian, and Christian against Turk.

It must be confessed that the coincidence of these two

DAINTY ENGLISH.

cases in point of time, and their startling divergence as regards results, have imprinted a deep stain on our its theory, so frequently and vauntingly held up for tion which is still resounding through the country, on the practical administration of justice, as distinguished from Most cordially do we join in the chorus of congratulaadmiration and imitation. Townley was found guilty, not late addition to the Royal Family, and, we trust, to the only on his own ferocious and reasoning avowal, but on comfort and happiness of the Queen. But with equal the clearest evidence, of having murdered his helpless heartiness do we enter our protest against the bad language and unresisting victim, under circumstances of premedita- in which this auspicious event has been promulgated. The tion and armed preparation, which would really make the first announcement, indeed, which we read in the Times, case a sample for a text-book, as showing all the ingredients told us very becomingly that the Princess had been "denecessary to satisfy the old phrase in the indictment, "of livered" of a fine boy. But to this was subjoined a "malice aforethought." That at the time of the murder, bulletin, signed by an M.D. and a surgeon, acquainting us and of the trial, ay and at the present moment, he was that her Royal Highness was "confined of a Prince." Did and is as sane as the judge before whom he was tried, or ever mortal Englishman, educated or uneducated, hear of the twelve men who declared him guilty, no one can enter- such an expression? We would defy Mrs Slipslop herself tain a doubt, except indeed the "Mad Doctors," to beat it; and sure we are that the famous Dr Slop, who childish and insane themselves on their favourite theme,ushered Mr Shandy's son and heir into the world, would or except those who think that the punishment of death have been heartily ashamed of it. Was the word "decannot lawfully be inflicted, even on a murderer, and who livered" repudiated as not sufficiently refined for these therefore catch at the plea of insanity, though with nothing gentlemen? And yet what expression can be more approbut the deadly act itself to support it, as a sort of pious priate, suggestive at once of safety, and of the thankfulfraud, to prevent another life being taken. Wright, on ness due for the escape from danger? We always ask the contrary, was convicted on his general plea of Guilty, ourselves, when reading the fantastic details of the Court evidence having been considered unnecessary after that movements, what must foreigners think of us? And in plea, of having put to death a woman of violent and in- the present instance, we blush to imagine the comments on temperate habits, capable of resistance and even of aggres- the English reading public who tolerate such trash, which sion, not with premeditation, but in a fit of anger at being must be made by the many strangers to our soil who yet suddenly woke up from his sleep by the woman herself, are critically conversant with the English tongue. Common with what degree of violence or circumstances of provo- sense, grammar, and the real signification of words are all set cation does not distinctly appear. Of the two murderers, at nought, in the wretched attempt to appear above using The whole matter in dispute is property not worth more therefore, Townley's guilt is by many shades of a blacker the ordinary decent phraseology of our own full and than from a quarter to half a million sterling, or rather the hue. Well, the greater criminal, by means of an absurd forcible language. Then again, all subsequent notices of rent or interest that may be supposed to accrue from such act of parliament, almost unknown and unheard of, but the subject are headed "Accouchement of the Princess." a sum. Is this worth setting the East in a flame for? The which the murderer's command of means enabled his This is the old story, on which we have heretofore commented, Imperial Congress of Paris invented no other way of agents to ferret out, is provided with a comfortable home of affecting to consider the event too indelicate to be menenforcing its pleasure in the Principalities than that of a for the rest of his days at the public expense; the lesser tioned in English, and therefore taking refuge in a foreign Turkish occupation. In this the said Congress quite lost offender was hanged last Tuesday. The contrast, both tongue; as if, admitting any indelicacy to exist, except in sight of the gradual change which has taken place in those between the circumstances and consequences of the two the prurient mind of the would-be euphemist, the idea countries. Formerly a Turkish occupation was humiliating cases is, to say the very least of it, most unfortunate, and could be purified and refined, by clothing it in French!and bad enough; now that the Christian races have goes far to justify the indignant exclamations of the crowd It is sickening. enjoyed the management of their own affairs, it would be assembled at the execution, that if Townley's life was to intolerable, so intolerable that it would not be suffered. be spared, Wright was judicially murdered. The entrance of Turkish soldiers into the guaranteed Christian provinces would prove merely the signal for the inhabitants of them to rise in resistance. It would be easy to provoke such a beginning of war, but where would the end be to be seen?

THE RAILWAY GUARD.

But there is one point of view, in which the proceedings in Wright's case seem to require some further comment. In ordinary accusations of crimes and mis- Upon all railways there is one grand rule for safety. If demeanors the plea of guilty may, with some few a train be brought to a stand, or dashed to atoms, the exceptions, be safely recorded and acted upon. Indeed, guard is to go back five hundred yards, with a lamp if by The most mistaken policy in the world is that which we have often had occasion to regret and condemn the night or a red flag if by day, to warn any following train prevails at present, which irritates and excites enmity morbid reluctance, which judges and magistrates have of the obstruction in its path, and cause it to stop. It is by between the Christian provinces and Turkey, and which shown in receiving this plea or admission of guilt. But relying implicitly upon this precaution that companies are encourages the Sultan to keep up a large army, at the very in a case of murder there is this material difference, that enabled to dispatch trains at intervals of five minutes or time when he really does not want one. There is no though the deed of death may be confessed, it often less. Wood and iron at best are fallible, axles break, tyres European Power now menacing Turkey. Russia has becomes a question of great nicety, whether that deed fly, rails get displaced; so a breakdown, or worse, is enough to think of at home, so have all other Powers. amounts to the full crime of murder, or may reasonably be always amongst the possibilities, and thus an obstruction Yet this is the moment at which Turkey is invited reduced to that of manslaughter. We cannot, therefore, may be in the way of a following train a couple of miles to keep up a large army. A morning contemporary said but consider it a matter of deep regret, that Mr Justice off rushing on at the rate of forty miles an hour. But the other day that the Porte would have been in great Blackburn did not direct a plea of Not Guilty to be recorded, what matters it? Is there not the guard with his instrucperil if it had not crushed Montenegro, and that it would and the evidence to be gone into, so as to give the oppor- tions to go back five hundred yards to prevent mischief? never be out of peril till it treated Servia and Moldo-tunity for any circumstances of mitigation to appear. The And the nature of a railway guard must now be consiWallachia in the same way. What absurdity is this,-to prisoner, it is true, repeatedly and pertinaciously avowed dered. Nothing can hurt the railway guard. To say he hope to strengthen Turkey by placing her in continued himself guilty. That is, he avowed that he had killed the is imperishable is to say little of his properties. He is enmity with her Christian provinces and populations! But he did not, he scarcely could declare himself unalterable, unharmable, always in possession of all his

woman.

The present is a period of peace which may not always guilty of murder in the legal sense of the word; because faculties, mental and bodily. He is never shaken, never last. And a true friend of Turkey ought to counsel her to no one, not versed in the administration of our criminal stunned, never in any way incapacitated for anything he reduce military expenditure and live at peace with her law, would be able to decide what is murder, what man-is expected to do. He is like Horace's hero, justum et Christian subjects, in order to be the better prepared for slaughter. Nor would the depositions, which no doubt tenacem propositi, and the ruins of a smashed train strike the time when that country may be seriously threatened by the learned judge had carefully perused, be decisive on him impavidum and self-possessed. He may have been its true enemy-Russia. Instead of this, the Sultan is this point. Every one, accustomed to preside or practise in banged about as if a shuttlecock between the battledores prompted by his own inconsiderate ardour and idle jealousies a criminal court, knows how often a single question and of two Brobdingnag giants, but he is not a jot the less to quarrel with petty princes, who desire no better than to answer on cross-examination will alter the whole com- fit to gird up his loins to run back five hundred yards be fairly treated and to live at peace with him. plexion of a case, from that which presented itself on the ex and stop the coming train. And in this errand he never One has but to look at the Turkish Budget in order to parte examinations before the magistrate. In the present sprains an ankle, never stumbles against a stone, never see the result of such insane policy. That Budget consists instance, if the evidence had been gone into, who shall say makes a false step; for if he were liable to such accidents, nominally of fifteen millions sterling, of which fifteen that some question put by the judge himself, acting or to any others great or little, trains would not be run there are but ten absolutely to be reckoned on. Of this, according to the humane maxim as counsel for the prisoner, one on the heels of another, in the comfortable belief that the interest of the national debt takes four millions ster- or suggested by the sagacity of the jury anxious to arrive the guard's activity would always, in the event of a stopling; whilst army and navy, military expenses in fact, absorb at the whole and exact truth, might not have brought to page, prevent collision.

ment.

five and a half millions. The rest is allotted to the ex-light some act of violence or aggression on the part of the Assume for a moment that the railway guard may be penses of the civil government and those of the Sultan. unhappy woman, heard by the neighbours, though un-like other creatures of flesh and blood; that in a sudden The Sultan, however, takes his share, and more than his noticed by the prisoner in the confusion and irritation of stoppage he may be stunned by a blow on the head, or share, and the civil servants and administration get nothing. his half-awakened faculties, or forgotten by him since in the lamed by one on the leg, or blinded by one on the eyes, or Their dues are always in arrears, and the greater part of conflict of remorse for his crime and terror of its punish- any other disabling casualty; and the single security is them must rob to live. The payment of the troops themWe remember no instance in latter times of a gone, upon which are built all the arrangements of the road selves is in arrear also. And all these exigencies are met person sentenced and executed for murder on his plea of for the despatch of trains. You are in a train following oy the facility of extraordinary credits, or by issuing those Guilty, and we sincerely hope we may not witness another. another at a short interval; in the event of a break down treasury bills which it required a loan the other day to buy Under the present Secretary for Home Affairs the rigour of that train from any of the many possible causes, your in or to reduce. of the law and the clemency of the Crown have both been life depends on the charmed life and indestructible activity The British public is interested financially and politically made to the last degree offensive to public feeling. He is of the guard of the preceding train. If he be no more in the wise and honest conduct of Turkish affairs. But not indeed to blame for Townley's escape from condign than mortal, if he may be disabled in any way, stunned or somehow or another the Sultan has advisers who drive punishment, but when he declined to listen to interces- crippled, you may in a couple of minutes be pounded to a him into a course which must end by ruining his empire sions on behalf of Wright, professing himself bound to mummy or maimed for life. You have been placed where and leaving his creditors to look for themselves. Here, let the law take its course, the Judge seeing no reason to you are, rushing along on the heels of another train in the for example, is a war threatened with a Christian province; the contrary, we could not but remember the deviation from reliance that the guard of the train before you will always coercion, occupation not to be achieved or attempted with- that course in the instance of that most wicked murderer be able to run back five hundred yards if any accident out an expense infinitely greater than the sums that were M'Laughlin. The judge in that case, as in Wright's, saw should happen. If it should unfortunately be proved that claimed or forbidden to be alienated. There is not a no reason why the sentence should be reconsidered, or railway guards are mere flesh and blood, and not more

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