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winded in my forehead," or hang my bugle in an invisible baldrick, all women shall pardon me: Because I will not do them the wrong to mistrust any, I will do myself the right to trust none; and

7 but that I will have a recheat winded in my forehead.] That is, I will wear a horn on my forehead which the huntsman may blow. A recheate is the sound by which dogs are called back. Shakspeare had no mercy upon the poor cuckold, his horn is an inexhaustible subject of merriment. JOHNSON.

So, in The Return from Parnassus: "When you blow the death of your fox in the field or covert, then you must sound three notes, with three winds; and recheat, mark you, sir, upon the same three winds."

"Now, sir, when you come to your stately gate, as you sounded the recheat before, so now you must sound the relief three times."

Again, in The Book of Huntynge, &c. b. 1. no date: "Blow the whole rechate with three wyndes, the first wynde one longe and six shorte. The second wynde two shorte and one longe. The thred wynde one longe and two shorte."

Among Bagford's Collections relative to Typography, in the British Museum, 1044, II. C. is an engraved half sheet, containing the ancient Hunting Notes of England, &c. Among these, I find, Single, Double, and Treble Recheats, Running Recheat, Warbling Recheat, another Recheat with the tongue very hard, another smoother Recheat, and another warbling Recheat. The musical notes are affixed to them all. STEEVENS.

A recheate is a particular lesson upon the horn, to call dogs back from the scent: from the old French word recet, which was used in the same sense as retraite. HANMER.

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hang my bugle in an invisible baldrick,] Bugle, i. e. bugle-horn, hunting-horn. The meaning seems to be-or that I should be compelled to carry a horn on my forehead where there is nothing visible to support it. So, in John Alday's translation of Pierre Boisteau's Theatrum Mundi, &c. bl. 1. no date: "Beholde the hazard wherin thou art (sayth William de la Perriere) that thy round head become not forked, which were a fearful sight if it were visible and apparent."

It is still said of the mercenary cuckold, that he carries his horns in his pockets. STEEVENS.

Baldrick.] "A belt, from the old French word baudrier, a piece of dressed leather girdle, or belt, made of such leather; and that comes from the word baudroyer, to dress leather, curry or make belts. Monsieur Menage says, this comes from the Italian

the fine is, (for the which I may go the finer,) I will live a bachelor.

D. PEDRO. I shall see thee, ere I die, look pale with love.

BENE. With anger, with sickness, or with hunger, my lord; not with love: prove, that ever I lose more blood with love, than I will get again with drinking, pick out mine eyes with a balladmaker's pen, and hang me up at the door of a brothel-house, for the sign of blind Cupid.

D. PEDRO. Well, if ever thou dost fall from this faith, thou wilt prove a notable argument.

BENE. If I do, hang me in a bottle like a cat,'

baldringus, and that from the Latin balteus, from whence the Baltick sea has its name, because it goes round as a belt. This word baudrier among the French sometimes signified a girdle, in which people used to put their money. See Rabelais, III. 37. Menag. Orig. Franc. Somn. Dict. Sax. Nicot. Dict." Fortescue Aland's note on Fortescue, on the Difference between an absolute and limited Monarchy, 8vo. 1724, p. 52. REED.

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notable argument.] An eminent subject for satire.

JOHNSON.

in a bottle like a cat,] As to the cat and bottle, I can procure no better information than the following:

In some counties in England, a cat was formerly closed up with a quantity of soot in a wooden bottle, (such as that in which shepherds carry their liquor,) and was suspended on a line. He who beat out the bottom as he ran under it, and was nimble enough to escape its contents, was regarded as the hero of this inhuman diversion.

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Again, in Warres, or the Peace is broken, bl. 1: -arrowes flew faster than they did at a catte in a basket, when Prince Arthur, or the Duke of Shordich, strucke up the drumme in the field."

In a Poem, however, called Cornu-copiæ, or Pasquil's Nightcap, or an Antidote to the Head-ache, 1623, p. 48, the following passage occurs:

"Fairer than any stake in Greys-inn-field, &c.
"Guarded with gunners, bill-men, and a rout
"Of bow-men bold, which at a cat do shoot.”

and shoot at me; and he that hits me, let him be clapped on the shoulder, and called Adam."

D. PEDRO. Well, as time shall try:
In time the savage bull doth bear the yoke.3

Again, ibid:

"Nor at the top a cat-a-mount was fram'd,

"Or some wilde beast that ne'er before was tam'd;
"Made at the charges of some archer stout,

"To have his name canoniz'd in the clout."

The foregoing quotations may serve to throw some light on Benedick's allusion. They prove, however, that it was the custom to shoot at factitious as well as real cats. STEEVENS.

This practice is still kept up at Kelso, in Scotland, where it is called-Cat-in-barrel. See a description of the whole cèremony in a little account of the town of Kelso, published in 1789, by one Ebenezer Lazarus, a silly Methodist, who has interlarded his book with scraps of pious and other poetry. Speaking of this sport, he says:

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"The cat in the barrel exhibits such a farce,
"That he who can relish it is worse than an ass."

DOUCE.

and he that hits me, let him he clapped on the shoulder, and called Adam.] But why should he therefore be called Adam? Perhaps, by a quotation or two we may be able to trace the poet's allusion here. In Law-Tricks, or, Who would have thought it, (a comedy written by John Day, and printed in 1608,) I find this speech: " Adam Bell, a substantial outlaw, and a passing good archer, yet no tobacconist." By this it appears, that Adam Bell at that time of day was of reputation for his skill at the bow. I find him again mentioned in a burlesque poem of Sir William D'Avenant's, called The long Vacation in London. THEOBald.

Adam Bel, Clym of the Cloughe, and Wyllyam of Cloudesle, were, says Dr. Percy, three noted outlaws, whose skill in archery rendered them formerly as famous in the North of England, as Robin Hood and his fellows were in the midland counties. Their place of residence was in the forest of Englewood, not far from Carlisle. At what time they lived does not appear. The author of the common ballads on The Pedigree, Education, and Marriage of Robin Hood, makes them contemporary with Robin Hood's father, in order to give him the honour of beating them. See Reliques of Ancient English Poetry, Vol. I. p. 143, where the ballad on these celebrated outlaws is preserved. STEEVENS. • In time the savage bull doth bear the yoke.] This line is from

BENE. The savage bull may; but if ever the sensible Benedick bear it, pluck off the bull's horns, and set them in my forehead: and let me be vilely painted; and in such great letters as they write, Here is good horse to hire, let them signify under my sign,-Here you may see Benedick the married

man.

CLAUD. If this should ever happen, thou would'st be horn-mad.

D. PEDRO. Nay, if Cupid have not spent all his quiver in Venice, thou wilt quake for this shortly. BENE. I look for an earthquake too then.

D. PEDRO. Well, you will temporize with the hours. In the mean time, good signior Benedick, repair to Leonato's; commend me to him, and tell him, I will not fail him at supper; for, indeed, he hath made great preparation.

BENE. I have almost matter enough in me for such an embassage; and so I commit you

CLAUD. To the tuition of God: From my house, (if I had it,)—

D. PEDRO. The sixth of July: Your loving friend, Benedick.

BENE. Nay, mock not, mock not: The body of your discourse is sometime guarded with frag

The Spanish Tragedy, or Hieronymo, &c. and occurs also, with a slight variation, in Watson's Sonnets, 4to. bl. 1. printed in 1581. See note on the last edition of Dodsley's Old Plays, Vol. XII. p. 387. STEEVENS.

The Spanish Tragedy was printed and acted before 1593. MALONE.

It may be proved that The Spanish Tragedy had at least been written before 1592.

STEEVENS.

- if Cupid have not spent all his quiver in Venice,] All modern writers agree in representing Venice in the same light as the ancients did Cyprus. And it is this character of the people that is here alluded to. WARBURTON.

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ments, and the guards are but slightly basted on neither: ere you flout old ends any further, examine your conscience; and so I leave you.

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[Exit BENEDICK.

guarded with fragments,] Guards were ornamental

lace or borders. So, in The Merchant of Venice:

give him a livery

"More guarded than his fellows."

Again, in Henry IV. Part I:

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velvet guards, and Sunday citizens." STEEVENS. ere you flout old ends &c.] Before you endeavour to distinguish yourself any more by antiquated allusions, examine whether you can fairly claim them for your own. This, I think, is the meaning; or it may be understood in another sense, examine, if your sarcasms do not touch yourself. JOHNSON.

The ridicule here is to the formal conclusions of Epistles dedicatory and Letters. Barnaby Googe thus ends his dedication to the first edition of Palingenius, 12mo. 1560: " And thus committyng your Ladiship with all yours to the tuicion of the moste mercifull God, I ende. From Staple Inne at London, the eighte and twenty of March." The practice had however become obsolete in Shakspeare's time. In A Poste with a Packet of mad Letters, by Nicholas Breton, 4to. 1607, I find a letter ending in this manner, entitled, "A letter to laugh at after the old fashion of love to a Maide." REED.

Dr. Johnson's latter explanation is, I believe, the true one. By old ends the speaker may mean the conclusion of letters commonly used in Shakspeare's time: "From my house this sixth of July," &c. So, in the conclusion of a letter which our author supposes Lucrece to write :

"So I commend me from our house in grief;

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My woes are tedious, though my words are brief." See The Rape of Lucrece, p. 547, edit. 1780, and the note

there.

Old ends, however, may refer to the quotation that D. Pedro had made from The Spanish Tragedy: "Ere you attack me on the subject of love, with fragments of old plays, examine whether you are yourself free from its power." So, King Richard: "With odd old ends, stol'n forth of holy writ."

This kind of conclusion to letters was not obsolete in our author's time, as has been suggested. Michael Drayton concludes one of his letters to Drummond of Hawthornden, in 1619, thus: