That I and greatness were compell'd to kiss :- WAR. There is a history in all men's lives, Such things become the hatch and brood of time; King Richard might create a perfect guess, K. HEN. Are these things then necessities"? Then let us meet them like necessities": And, by the necessary form of THIS,] I think we might better read: 66 66 JOHNSON. the necessary form of things." The word this has no very evident antecedent. If any change were wanting, I would read: And, by the necessary form of these," i. e. the things mentioned in the preceding line. STEEVENS. "And, by the necessary form of this," is, I apprehend, to be understood this history of the times deceased. HENLEY. 5 Are these THINGS THEN necessities?] I suspect that— things then are interpolated words. They corrupt the measure, do not improve the sense, and the anticipation of then diminishes the force of the same adverb in the following line. STEEVENS. 6 Then let us meet them like NECESSITIES:] I am inclined to read : "Then let us meet them like necessity." That is, with the resistless violence of necessity; then comes more aptly the following line: "And that same word even now cries out on us." That is, the word necessity. JOHNSON. And that same word even now cries out on us; WAR. It cannot be, my lord; Rumour doth double, like the voice and echo, To comfort you the more, I have receiv'd K. HEN. [Exeunt. That is, let us meet them with that patience and quiet temper with which men of fortitude meet those events which they know to be inevitable.-I cannot approve of Johnson's explanation. 7 - M. MASON. that GLENDOWER is dead.] Glendower did not die till after King Henry IV. Shakspeare was led into this error by Holinshed, who places Owen Glendower's death in the tenth year of Henry's reign. See vol. xvi. p. 310, n. 5. Malone. 8 - unto the Holy Land.] This play, like the former, proceeds in one unbroken tenor through the first edition, and there is therefore no evidence that the division of the Acts was made by the author. Since, then, every editor has the same right to mark the intervals of action as the players, who made the present distribution, I should propose that this scene may be added to the foregoing Act, and the remove from London to Gloucestershire be made in the intermediate time, but that it would shorten the next Act too much, which has not, even now, its due proportion to the rest. JOHNSON. SCENE II. Court before Justice SHALLOW's House in Gloucestershire". Enter SHALLOW and SILENCE, meeting; MoULDY, SHADOW, WART, FEEBLE, BULL-CALF, and Ser vants, behind. SHAL. Come on, come on, come on; give me your hand, sir, give me your hand, sir: an early stirrer, by the rood'. And how doth my good cousin Silence? 9 Justice SHALLOW's House in Gloucestershire.] From the following passage in The Return from Parnassus, 1606, we may conclude that Kempe was original Justice Shallow.-Burbage and Kempe are introduced, instructing some Cambridge students to act. Burbage makes one of the students repeat some lines of Hieronymo and King Richard III. Kempe says to another, "Now for you,-methinks you belong to my tuition; and your face methinks would be good for a foolish Mayor, or a foolish Justice of Peace."-And again: "Thou wilt do well in time if thou wilt be ruled by thy betters, that is, by myselfe, and such grave aldermen of the play-house as I am." It appears from Nashe's Apologie of Pierce Penniless, 1593, that he likewise played the Clown: "What can be made of a rope-maker more than a clowne. Will. Kempe, I mistrust it will fall to thy lot for a merriment one of these dayes." MALONE. I POPE. - by the ROOD.] i. e. the cross. Hearne, in his Glossary to Peter Langtoft, p. 544, under the word cross, observes, that although the cross and the rood are commonly taken for the same, yet the rood properly signified formerly the image of Christ on the cross; so as to represent both the cross and figure of our blessed Saviour, as he suffered upon it. The roods that were in churches and chapels were placed in shrines that were called rood lofts. "Roodloft, (saith Blount,) is a shrine whereon was placed the cross of Christ. The rood was an image of Christ on the cross, made generally of wood, and erected in a loft for that purpose, just over the passage out of the church into the chancel." REED. Bullokar, however, is a better authority than any of these, being contemporary with Shakspeare. In his English Expositor, SIL. Good morrow, good cousin Shallow. SHAL. And how doth my cousin, your bedfellow ? and your fairest daughter, and mine, my goddaughter Ellen? SIL. Alas, a black ouzel, cousin Shallow. SHAL. By yea and nay, sir, I dare say, my cousin William is become a good scholar: He is at Oxford, still, is he not? SIL. Indeed, sir; to my cost. SHAL. He must then to the inns of court shortly: I was once of Clement's-inn; where, I think, they will talk of mad Shallow yet. SIL. You were called-lusty Shallow, then, cousin. SHAL. By the mass, I was called any thing; and I would have done any thing, indeed, and roundly There was I, and little John Doit of Staffordshire, and black George Bare, and Francis Pickbone, and Will Squele a Cotswold man 3-you had too. 8vo. 1616, he defines roode thus: "In land it signifies a quarter of an acre. It is sometimes taken for the picture of our Saviour upon the cross." MALONE. 2 Sil.] The oldest copy of this play was published in 1600. It must however have been acted somewhat earlier, as in Ben Jonson's Every Man out of his Humour, which was performed in 1599, is the following reference to it: "No, lady, this is a kinsman to Justice Silence." STEEVENS. 3- Will Squele a Cotswold man,] The games at Cotswold were, in the time of our author, very famous. Of these I have seen accounts in several old pamphlets; and Shallow, by distinguishing Will Squele, as a Cotswold man, meant to have him understood as one who was well versed in manly exercises, and consequently of a daring spirit, and an athletic constitution. STEEVENS. The games of Cotswold, I believe, did not commence till the reign of James I. I have never seen any pamphlet that mentions them as having existed in the time of Elizabeth. Randolph speaks of their revival in the time of Charles I.; and from Dover's book they appear to have been revived in 1636. But this does not prove that they were exhibited in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, They certainly were in that of King James, and were probably 4 not four such swinge-bucklers in all the inns of court again: and, I may say to you, we knew where the bona-robas' were; and had the best of them all at commandment. Then was Jack Falstaff, now sir John, a boy; and page to Thomas Mowbray, duke of Norfolk. SIL. This sir John, cousin, that comes hither anon about soldiers ? SHAL. The same sir John, the very same. I saw discontinued after his death. However, Cotswold might have been long famous for meetings of tumultuous swinge-bucklers. See vol. viii. p. 16, n. 6. MALONE. 4 - swinge-bucklers -] Swinge-bucklers and swash-bucklers were words implying rakes or rioters in the time of Shakspeare. Nash, addressing himself to his old opponent Gabriel Harvey, 1598, says: "Turpe senex miles, 'tis time for such an olde foole to leave playing the swash-buckler." "when I Again, in The Devil's Charter, 1607, Caraffa says, was a scholar in Padua, faith, then I could have swinged a sword and buckler," &c. STEEVENS. "West Smithfield (says the Continuator of Stowe's Annals, 1631,) was for many years called Ruffians' Hall, by reason it was the usual place of frayes and common fighting, during the time that sword and buckler were in use; when every serving-man, from the base to the best, carried a buckler at his backe, which hung by the hilt or pummel of his sword which hung before him. -Untill the 20th year of Queen Elizabeth, it was usual to have frayes, fights, and quarrels upon the sundayes and holydayes, sometimes, twenty, thirty, and forty swords and bucklers, halfe against halfe, as well by quarrels of appointment as by chance.And in the winter season all the high streets were much annoyed and troubled with hourly frayes, and sword and buckler men, who took pleasure in that bragging fight; and although they made great shew of much furie, and fought often, yet seldome any man was hurt, for thrusting was not then in use, neither would any one of twenty strike beneath the waste, by reason they held it cowardly and beastly." MALONE. 5-bona-robas-] i. e. ladies of pleasure. Bona Roba, Ital. So, in The Bride, by Nabbes, 1640: "Some bona-roba they have been sporting with." STEEVENS. See Florio's Italian Dictionary, 1598; "Buona roba, as we say good stuff; a good wholesome plump-cheeked wench." MALONE. |