portant.

It will be readily seen how important this Why imquestion is in an historical point of view, as it would at once determine the source of the people, and throw considerable light on the early history of Europe.

(ii.) Atlantide.

Under this term Dr. Latham classes all the tribes of Africa, together with those of Syria and Arabia.

Who are

included.

tify this.

This seems very startling; but the affinities How jusof language apparently justify the arrangement. The group has seven divisions, the most distinguished of which are the Egyptian and Semitic.

How subdivided.

The Semitic Atlantide include several of the The 1st who most influential nations of antiquity; such as the Assyrians, Babylonians, Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Arabians, and Jews.

markable.

All the alphabets of the world are of Semitic What reorigin. The Jewish and Christian Scriptures, as well as the Mahommetan Koran, are due to this people. And the first builders of cities, the first organisers of empires, and first inventors of the arts, were all likewise of the same branch.

This group has been already sufficiently described under the title of Inhabitants of Africa (see p. 163).

(iii.) Mongolidæ.

golidæ who

The Mongolidæ is by far the largest of the The Monthree divisions. The word means of the same stock as the Mongols; and the group embraces all the inhabitants of Asia, America, and Polynesia.

How subdivided.

The whole family is subdivided into seven branches; the Altaic, Dioscurian, Oceanic, Hyperborean, Peninsular, American,

Indian.

and

The 1st who (1.) The first is composed of two stocks, the Turanian and the Chinese; the latter of which are called by Dr. Latham the Seriform, from Serés, the Latin word for China.

Who the former.

Who the
Manchoos.

The Seri

The former includes the Mongols, the Tungus, the Turks, and the Ugrians.

The Manchoos, the present ruling party in China, were Tungus. And the Finns, Lapps, and Magyars* of Hungary of the Ugrian tribes. The Chinese or Seriform stock includes all

form who. the nations whose language is monosyllabic,

Dioscurians who.

Who placd with these.

The third

class who.

Their col our what.

and wholly without inflections; such as the Chinese, Tibetans, Siamese, and Burmese.

(2.) The Dioscurians are so named from Dioscurias, an ancient seaport at the east end of the Black Sea, very remarkable for the multiplicity of languages spoken there, and now called Sebastopol.

With these Mongols, Dr. Latham places the people of the Caucasus, and says, that the term Caucasian, applied to the Europeans, is preposterous, inasmuch as the Caucasians are quite as much Mongols as the Chinese themselves are.

(3.) The Oceanic Mongolide embrace almost all the islands scattered over the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

Some of this group, as the natives of New Guinea, Australia, Tasmania, and New Ireland, are of a black colour; while others, as the

* Magyars, pronounce Mard/-yars. The people who conquered Hungary in the 10th century, and who still form there the dominant race.

natives of Sumatra, Borneo, Java, Moluccas, and the South-sea Islands, are bronn.

(4.) The Hyperborean Mongolide are the The 4th who inhabitants of the Arctic or North Frigid Zone.

(5.) The Peninsular Mongolidæ are the inhab- The 5th who itants of Kamtschatka, and of the contiguous islands, such as Japan. One marked distinction between these people and the Chinese is, that their languages are by no means monosyllabic. (6.) The American Mongolide are of the The 6th who Eskimo stock, and came originally from Greenland. Though the tribes exhibit a great physical diversity, yet are their languages uniformly constructed on the same principle. (7.) Lastly, The Indian Mongolide embrace The 7th who the natives of Hindostan, Cashmere, and Ceylon, with those of the Mal'dive and Lacădive* islands.

* Maldive, (two syllables) means the thousand islands. Lacadive, pronounce Lac'-a-dive, in three syllables.

CHAPTER II.

THE ONENESS OF THE HUMAN RACE.

SECTION I.

SCRIPTURE PROOF.

§ 1. THE DIRECT STATEMENTS OF THE BIBLE.

the Bible.

In the Book of Genesis we read, that "God What says created man in His own image. In the image of God created He him: male and female created He them." (i. 27.)

What this affirms.

What else

is stated.

What in the New.

How after the flood.

What then gives he.

The infer

ence what.

This seems to establish the oneness of the human race, especially if we place the indefinite article before the words male and female, "a male and a female," that is, one male and one female created He them.

In the same book we read that Adam called the woman's name Eve, because "she was the mother of all living." (iii. 20.)

In the New Testament we have an echo of the same statement, when St. Paul says to the Athenians, "God hath made of one blood. all the nations of men that dwell on the face of the earth." (Acts xvii. 26.)

After the destruction of the human race by the waters of the flood, the sacred historian tells us, that Noah and his three sons came out of the ark, and adds, "of them was the whole earth overspread." (Gen. ix. 19.)

He then gives a list of the immediate offspring of Shem, Ham, and Japheth; and concludes with the words, "by these were the nations divided in the earth after the flood." (Gen. x. 32.)

There seems, therefore, no room to doubt that the Scripture teaches us that the human family is one race; the offspring of Adam in the first instance, and the descendants of the three sons of Noah in the second.

It is wholly impossible to map out with any degree of accuracy the several nations of the world, and to assign to each of them one of the descendants of Noah as its founder. All that the Bible says on the subject is, that the Jews and Arabs are the offspring of Shem; the Babylonians and Canaanites, of Ham; and that all the isles of the Gentiles were divided among the posterity of Japheth; but what is meant by the isles of the Gentiles, is by no means certain. Probably the Europeans are descended from Japheth; but there is no sufficient evidence for believing that the black or negro races, are the descendants of Ham; or that the Asiatics generally, are the offspring of Shem. Indeed, if Dr. Latham's system is correct, such an hypothesis is wholly untenable.

§ 2. INDIRECT SCRIPTURE PROOF OF THE ONENESS OF THE HUMAN RACE.

(1.) To man only has a sacred revelation 1st proof. been made; and this revelation is not given to any particular stock or class of people, but to all indiscriminately.

ence what.

2nd proof.

Hence, two things may be inferred: Firstly, The inferthe Giver of the revelation is no respecter of persons, but considers all the nations of the world as one race; and Secondly, no animal except man, being accounted worthy of the same honour, can belong to the same family. (2.) Again, St. Paul says, "By one man's What the disobedience sin entered into the world, and death by sin." And again, "As in Adam all die, even so in Christ shall all be made alive.* Whence we learn, that all men who die, What this suffer death because they are the offspring of disobedient Adam; and all men who are quickened, are made alive because they belong to the redeemed of Jesus.

teaches us.

meant.

In order to determine who are the offspring Who are of Adam, we have only to ascertain what men are sinners and die.

the answer

To this there can be but one answer. "All What is have sinned, and come short of the glory of God, and therefore, all are the children of wrath, or the offspring of rebellious Adam.

the rest.

So likewise, when the Apostle tells us, "All What of who are quickened, are made alive in Christ." The only question to be determined is, who are interested in this salvation?

Rom. v. 12. 1 Cor. xv. 22.