coasts. This constant humidity of the atmosphere renders these islands supereminently fertile, and preserves a perpetual verdure, not only in the trees, but on the meadows, which produce a luxuriant herbage, and are throughout the year enamelled with flowers of the most beautiful tints.

The Philippine Islands are capable of producing all colonial commodities; and their situation is most advantageous for the commerce of India, China, and America. Rice is their chief production, and the best food of the natives, who appear to have cultivated it in large quantities before the arrival of the Spaniards. The other products are different sorts of pulse, such as mongos, patani, kidney beans, and millet. The pith of the palm, the young shoots of the sugar cane, green withes, and other succulents, serve also as food, and the natives cultivate the bread fruit, beans, the cacavata, &c. They take particular care of the palm tree, as from it they procure both a spirit and an oil, together with a species of sweetmeat, named by them chanaca. The fruit trees are few in number, and of an indifferent quality, except the plantain, to which may be added the orange and mango. The areca, or betel nut, is also cultivated, and used profusely under the name of itmo. Manilla likewise produces indigo. Cotton is also raised for clothing; and dyed with indigo, log-wood, and the seed of the achiste tree. Wax, wild honey, amber, marble, tar, brimstone, and many other lesser objects, may also be named among the commercial produce.

In the interior there are mines of gold and iron, but they are little attended to; gold is also procured by washing the sand which flows in the small streams from the mountains. At Paracale the gold mines are worked, but very indolently, and scarcely so as to defray the charges. In the mountains there is excellent timber both for ship and house building, and the bamboos are very long and thick. Of these the natives construct their houses, covering them with palm

leaves.

The Spaniards introduced here horses and horned cattle, which have multiplied so as to run wild among the mountains. They also introduced sheep, geese, grapes, figs, wheat, pepper, coffee, cocoa, sugar, tobacco, and various European plants, which have thriven remarkably well. Among the birds found here are the swallows, which form the edible nests so highly esteemed by the Chinese; the biche de mar, another Chinese delicacy, is also procured on the coast. On the shores are a great variety of shells and shell fish: among the rest are cowries and the enormous Kima cockle, some of which will hold a gallon, and are used for vessels of holy water in the churches.

The sloth both of the Indians and the Spaniards are here great obstacles to improvement; add to these the hurricanes which sweep away and destroy the plantations, and the destruction caused by insects, rats, and other vermin with which the country teems.

Chinese and Malays of Borneo for flag copper, and articles of furniture. As ba ing, they go almost naked; their rice they in a joint of the bamboo, and eat it off a p tain leaf.

The early Spanish visitors of the Philip seriously speak of the natives as divide three classes; satyrs, men with tails, a monsters. It is probable they mean the va tribes of Bisayan Indians, and the strange of oriental negroes, who still occupy the P Isle; the latter roaming the mountains in a state of nature, and subsisting on ro such animals as they could kill with the bes arrow. The Spaniards are of opinion that are the original inhabitants of the Philip and that the Bisayans were intruders. A sent the Papuas are few, and their power lin but their hatred to the Bisayans flourishes such perfection, that, when the latter kill as gro, it is customary for another to bind i to his countrymen by oath that he will de pear, and will not return among them unt has killed three or four Bisayans. The Te tribe is principally found in the Island of çon; but there are several other races who habit these islands, who differ considerably features and language. Such are the Pampa who reside to the north of Manilla, and 2 painted races.

Among the Bisayans, the rajah, or chief, và the assistance of elders, regulates civil af but in criminal cases the relations are an tomed to compound with the aggressor in g unless in cases of murder, when the law of liation is sanctioned. If the perpetrator happe to be of a different village or tribe, all the co munity of which the deceased was a me make it a common cause, and numbers a consequence, killed and made slaves on b sides. A person suspected of theft is obliged undergo the ordeal of drawing a stone from the bottom of a cauldron of boiling water, and fails is fined a certain quantity of gold. Adtery is also punished by a mulct. Polygamy not allowed; but concubines are freely kept by the principal persons.

Among certain tribes the bridegroom chases his bride by a previous service of seve years. During this probation it is incumbent all the relations of the suitor to behave respec fully to the bride and her family, as if any sult be offered the marriage is annulled, and female is to be disposed of a second time. The bridegroom, to console himself for his suffering as soon as his term of service ends, treats wife as a slave. The marriage ceremony ↳ performed by the immolation of a hog, which is slain by a priestess with much grimace.

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Christianity. The idioms of this language are very complex, and it often becomes quite imposible for a person who understands all the words of a sentence to comprehend the meaning of he whole. The religious traditions of the Tagala race, their genealogies, and the feats of heir gods and heroes, are carefully preserved in historical poems and songs.

In their religious ceremonies the Bisayans use neither idols nor temples, their sacrifices being offered in arbours, which they raise for that purpose; nor have they any external address to their gods. They have priestesses, whom they term babailonas or catalonas: and the sacrifices are offered alike to evil spirits and to the manes of their ancestors. They have many superstitions, one of which is respecting the Patianac, a spirit or ideal being, whose employment they state consists in preventing, by a method peculiar to itself, the delivery of a woman in labor. To counteract the malignity of this demon, the husband, having made fast the door, strips off his clothes, lights a fire, and, arming himself with a sword, flourishes it furiously about until the woman is delivered. The Tigbalang is another object of their apprehension, and is described as a phantom which assumes a variety of uncouth shapes, and interposes its authority to prevent the converted Indians from performing the duties of religion. They do not believe in any future state of reward or punishment; but they acknowledge the immortality of the soul, and suppose it to retain in the next world all the wants incident to that on earth. For this reason they place on the tomb clothes, arms, and food; and, on the fourth day, when the funeral ceremony is performed, a vacant seat is left at the table for the deceased, whom they believe to be present, although not perceptible.

These islands were discovered by Magellan in 1521; but it was not till the year 1565 that they were taken possession of by a fleet from Mexico, which first anchored off the island of Zebu, and subdued it. In 1570 a settlement was effected at the mouth of the Manilla River, and in the following year the town of that name constituted the capital of the Spanish possessions here. In 1574 the colony was attacked by a fleet of Chinese pirates, who were with difficulty repulsed.

The Spaniards in 1590 attacked the island of Sooloo or Jolo, but were in their turn repulsed with great slaughter; nor could they make any impression on the Sooloo pirates, who have for nearly three centuries been the scourge of the Philippines. The Dutch having established themselves in India, a war commenced in this neighbourhood between them and the Spaniards, which lasted nearly half a century. By A. D. 1639 the number of Chinese on these islands had increased to 30,000. In 1639 the Spaniards commenced a war against them, and made so dreadful a havock, that in a short time they were reduced to 7000, who surrendered at discretion. During this period the native Indians remained neuter, having greater hatred to the Chinese

than to the Spaniards. In 1757 the viceroy of the Philippines expelled all the Chinese; and, in order to prevent their

future establishment in the archipelago, appropriated the quarter of St. Fernando for the reception of such as should come in future on commercial pursuits.

In 1762 Manilla was taken by the English. They arrived in the bay 23rd of September, and found the Spaniards quite unprepared to receive them. On the morning of the 24th a summons was sent to the town; the troops and stores were then landed, and the city invested. On the 4th of October the batteries were opened, and the following day a practicable breach was effected. on the 6th, at day-light, the storming party mounted the breach, and the governor and principal officers were glad to surrender at discretion. At the peace in 1764 it was, however, relinquished."

Since this period the Spanish colonies in these islands have not been disturbed by European enemies, although frequently threatened with invasion from the British settlements. Besides Manilla, and the larger establishments on Luçon, they have many settlements scattered over the islands to the south, but such is the weakness of the colonial government that they have never been able to protect them against the attacks of a few despicable pirates. In February, 1809, the Spanish government of the Philippines published a declaration of their adherence to Ferdinand VII. and opened their ports to the British; after which a brisk trade arose which has been considerably injured by the revolutionary warfare in Mexico.

From

All kinds of India piece goods may be imported here with advantage, especially ordinary fong cloth, white, blue, and red; handkerchiefs of all kinds; chintz, principally dark grounds; Surat goods of most sorts, and all kinds of cutlery and iron. The exports are birds' nests, cassia, gold dust, pepper, rattans, sago, tortoise shell, wax, wild honey, amber, marble, tar, brimstone, and many inferior articles. 1802 to 1806 there were imported into Manilla, from the British settlements in India, goods and treasure to the amount of 2,859,822 rupees, equal to about £286,000; the exports during the same period amounted to 5,163,564, equal to about £516,356. Junks also come to these islands from China, bringing various articles for the consumption of the resident Chinese, silk goods, lackered ware, teas, China ware, &c., for the Acapulco ships. Their returns are principally in dollars, cochineal, or black wood.

PHILIPPINES, a religious society of young women at Rome, so called from their taking St. Philip de Neri for their protector. It consists of 100 poor girls, who are brought up till they are of age to be married, or become nuns, under the direction of religious women. They wear a white veil, and black cross.

PHILIPPISTS, a temporary sect among the Lutherans; the followers of Melancthon. He had strenuously opposed the Ubiquists, who arose in his time; and, the dispute growing still hotter after his death, the university of Wittemberg, who espoused Melancthon's opinion, were called by the Flacians, who attacked it, Philippists.

PHILIPPOPOLI, or FILIBF, a considerable

town of Greece, in Macedon, situated on a small island formed by the Marizza, which is here navigable. It was founded by Philip, the father of Alexander the Great; and, before the earthquake which took place here in 1818, was a thriving place, containing 30,000 inhabitants, a considerable number of whom were Greek Christians, and had an archbishop. It had several handsome baths and mosques, but the above calamity greatly reduced the place. The chief existing manufactures are woollens and cotton yarn; rice is also largely cultivated in the neighbourhood. Ninety-five miles W. N. W. of Adrianople, and 225 W. N. W. of Constantinople.

PHILIPPON DE LA MADELEINE (Louis), born at Lyons in 1734, studied the law at Besançon, where he settled, and filled several public offices. In 1795 he was created librarian of the ministry of the interior, and on the Restoration, in 1814, received a pension from monsieur, now Charles X. He died in 1818, having published the following works:-Jeux d'un Enfant du Vaudeville; Choix de Chansons de M. Philippon de la Madeleine; L'Elève d'Epicure; Discours sur la Necessité et les Moyens de supprimer les Peines Capitales; Manuel et nouveaux Guide du promeneur aux Tuilleries; Grammaire des Gens du Monde; Dictionnaire portatif des Poetes Françaises morts depuis 1050, jusqu'en 1804, preceded by an abridged history of French poetry; Dictionnaire portatif des Rimes; Voyages de Cyrus, par Ramsay; Morceaux choisis des Caractéres de la Bruyere, with a notice on the author. Philippon also wrote several comedies, in conjunction with MM. Leger, Therigny, viscount Segur, and the prevost d'Iray.

PHILIPS (Ambrose), an English poet, descended from a very ancient family in Leicestershire, was educated at St. John's College, Cambridge, where he wrote his pastorals, which acquired him at the time so high a repuation. His next performance was the Life of Archbishop Williams, written, according to Cibber, to make known his political principles, the archbishop, who is the hero of his work, being a strong opponent to the high church measures. When he quitted the university, and came to London, he became a constant attendant at Button's coffeehouse, where he became intimate with the most celebrated geniuses of that age, particularly with Sir Richard Steele, who, in the first volume of his Tatler, inserted a poem of Mr. Philips's, called a Winter Piece, dated from Copenhagen, on which he bestows the highest encomiums; and, indeed, so much justice is in these his commendations, that even Pope himself, who had a fixed aversion for the author, while he affected to despise his other works, used always to except this. He wrote several dramatical pieces: The Briton; Distressed Mother; and Humphrey Duke of Gloucester, all of which met with success, and one of them is still a standard of enter

Lainment at the theatres, being generally repeated several times every season. Mr. Philips's circumstances were in general, not only easy, but affluent, from his being connected, by his political principles, with persons of great consequence. He was concerned with Dr. Hugh Boulter, afterwards archbishop of Armagh, the right honorable

Richard West, esq., lord chancellor of I bishop Burnet, and the Rev. Henry Steps: writing a series of papers called the Free The which were all published together by Mr. P lips, in 3 vols. 12mo. In the end of e Anne's reign he was secretary to the Ha club, a set of noblemen and gentlemen wh formed an association in honor of that sucres and for the support of its interests. Mr. Ph station in this club, with the zeal shown n writings, recommended him to the favor d new government. He was, soon after the a sion of king George I., put into the comms. of the peace, and appointed a commissioner lottery. And, on Dr. Boulter's being made i mate of Ireland, he accompanied that p... across St. George's Channel, where he got c siderable preferments, and was elected a ber of the house of commons for Armagh length, having purchased an annuity for of £400 per annum, he came over to En some time in 1748, but died soon after, a lodgings near Vauxhall in Surrey. Of his p sonal character,' says Dr. Johnson, all I br heard is, that he was eminent for bre and skill in the sword, and that in conversa he was solemn and pompous.'

PHILIPS (Catharine), an ingenious lady, da ter of Mr. John Fowler, merchant, born at La don in January, 1631, and educated at Hacks She married James Philips of the priory of Ce digan, esq., and went with the viscountes Dungannon into Ireland, where she trans Corneille's tragedy of Pompey into En which was several times acted there with a applause. She translated also the four first at of Horace, another tragedy of Corneille, the being done by Sir John Denham. This died of the small-pox in London, 22d June, léts much and justly regretted; having not says Langbaine, any of her sex her equal poetry.'

PHILIPS (Fabian), author of several books lating to the ancient customs and privile England, was born at Prestbury in Glouces shire, September 28th, 1601. He studied inns of Chancery, and the Middle Temple, he became learned in the law. In the civil he was a bold assertor of the king's prerogat and, two days before Charles I. was beheaded wrote a protestation against the intended mur and caused it to be printed, and affixed to pas in all public places. He likewise published 1649, 4to., a pamphlet entitled Veritas I cussa; or King Charles I. no Man of Blood, a Martyr for his People; which was reprinted 1660, 8vo. In 1653, when the courts of just at Westminster, especially the Chancery, voted down by Oliver's parliament, he publise Considerations against the dissolving and tak them away; for which he received the thanks f William Lenthal, esq., speaker of parliament He was for some time filazer for London, M dlesex, Cambridgeshire, and Huntingdonshire and spent much money in searching records, an writing in favor of the royal prerogative. The only reward he received was the place of one the commissioners for regulating the law, wart £200 per annum, which lasted two years.

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e Restoration, when the bill for taking away tenures was depending in parliament, he ote and published a book to show the necesy of preserving them, entitled Tenenda non Пlenda; or the Necessity of preserving Tenures capite, and by Knight's-service, which were a eat part of the salus populi, &c., 1660, 4to. 11663 he published The Antiquity, Legality, eason, Duty, and Necessity of Preemption and ourveyance for the King, 4to.; and afterwards any other pieces upon similar subjects. He sisted Dr. Bates in his Elenchus Motuum. He ed November 17th, 1690, in his eighty-ninth ear, and was buried at Twyford. in Middlesex. is manner of writing is neither close nor well igested. He published a political pamphlet in 681, entitled Ursa Major et Minor, showing at there is no such Fear, as is factiously prended, of Popery, and arbitrary Power. PHILIPS (John), an eminent English poet, was Born in 1676. He was educated at Winchester nd Oxford. The first poem which distinguished im was his Splendid Shilling, published in 705. His next was Blenheim. In 1706 he nished another poem upon Cyder. He also arote a Latin ode to Henry St. John, esq., which esteemed a masterpiece. He was contriving greater things; but, his health failing, he was .bliged to drop every thing but the care of it. de his care, however, did not save him; for, after ngering a long time, he died at Hereford, Febaary 15th, 1708, of a consumption and asthma, efore he had reached his thirty-third year. He as interred in the cathedral of that city, and ad a monument erected to his memory in Westinster Abbey, by Sir Simon Harcourt, afterwards ord chancellor, with an epitaph written by Dr. Atterbury.

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PHILIPS (Thomas), a learned English Catholic, orn at Ickford in Buckinghamshire, in 1708, nd educated at Louvain. He was afterwards ent over as a missionary to England, where he >ublished a Letter to a Student in Divinity, and >ther tracts. But the work for which he is most celebrated is his Life of Cardinal Pole, in 2 vols. 3vo., wherein he endeavoured to soften the harsh features of popery, and to wash his church from her stains of blood and tyranny. Several English divines published answers to this work, particularly Dr. Neve, Dr. Gloster Ridley, &c. Philips died at Liege in 1774.

PHILIPSBURG, a town of Baden, about half a mile from the Rhine. It was long fortified, and one of the strongest places in Germany; but was at last allowed to go to decay, and in the wars of the French revolution completely dis mantled. Its situation is in the midst of marshes, which make it unhealthy. The celebrated duke of Berwick, son of James II. of England, was killed by a cannon ball, while visiting the trenches before this place, 12th June, 1734. Population 1100. Five miles south of Spire, and fourteen north of Carlsruhe.

PHILIPSBURGH, a rising sett.ement of Lower Canada, on the eastern coast of Missiqui Bay, about one mile from the boundary line between Lower Canada and the territories of the United States. It is a neat place, but chiefly built of wood.

VOL. XVII.

PHILISTÆA, in ancient geography, the country of the Philistines: which lay along the Mediterranean, from Joppa to the boundary of Egypt, and extending to inland places not far from the coast. It is also called Palestina (Josephus), a name afterwards applied to the whole of the Holy Land. See PALESTINA.

PHILISTÆI, or PHILISTIM, the people of Philistæa, called also Caphtorim and Philistini, originally from Egypt, and descendants of Ham. Moses. They expelled and destroyed the Hivites the ancient inhabitants, and occupied their country; that is, the regions which retained the name of Philistim, in which that of Caphtorim was swallowed up.

The

PHILISTINĖS, PHILISTINI, the ancient inhabitants of Palestine, well known in sacred history. The people are sometimes called in Scripture Cherethites and Caphtorims. earlier part of their history is, like that of most other nations, very obscure and uncertain. The authors of the Universal History tell us that they were descended partly from the Casluhim, and partly from the Caphtorim, both from Mizraim, the son of Ham, the son of Noah. Moses tells us (Deut. xi. 23) that they drove out the Avim, or Avites, even to Azzah, or Gazah, where they settled; but when this happened cannot be determined. But our learned authors are clearly of opinion that the Casluhim and Caphtorim, from whom the Philistines are descended, came originally from Egypt, and called the country which they had conquered by their own name. See PALESTINE. Many interpreters, however, think that Caphtor was but another name for Cappadocia, which they imagine to have been the original country of the Philistines. But father Calmet, in a particular dissertation prefixed to the first book of Samuel, endeavours to show that they were originally of the Isle of Crete. The reasons which led him to think that Caphtor is the Isle of Crete are as follow:-The Philistines were strangers in Palestine, as appears in various parts of Scripture, such as Gen. x. 14; Deut. ii. 23; Jer. xlvii. 4; and Amos ix. 7, whence the Septuagint always translate this name strangers. Their proper name was Cherethims. See Ezekiel xxv. 16; Zephaniah ii. 5; and 1 Samuel xxx. 14. The kings of Judah had foreign guards, called the Cherethites and Pelethites, who were of the number of the Philistines. 2 Sam. xv. 18. The Septuagint, under the name Cherethites, understood the Cretans; and by Chereth they understood Crete. Besides, the Scripture says that the Philistines came from the Isle of Caphtor. Now we see no island in the Mediterranean, wherein the marks whereby the Scripture describes Caphtor and Cherethim, agree better than in the Isle of Crete. The name Cretim or Cherethim is the same with that of Cretenses. The Cretans are one of the most ancient and celebrated people who inhabited the islands of the Mediterranean. They pretended to have been produced originally out of their own soil. This island was well peopled in the time of the Trojan war. Homer calls it the island with 100 cities. The city of Gaza in Palestine went by the name of Minoa (Steph. Byzant. in Gaza) because Minos, king of Crete,

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coming into that country, called this ancient city by his own name. Herodotus acknowledges that the Cretans were originally all barbarians, and did not come from Greece. Homer says that a different language was spoken in the Isle of Crete; that there were Greeks there, true, or ancient Cretans, Pelasgians, &c. The ancient Cretans are the same as the Cherethites, the Pelasgians as the Philistines or Pelethites of the Scripture: their language was the same with that of the Canaanites or Phoenicians, that is, Hebrew: they were descended, as well as Canaan, from Ham, by Mizraim (Gen. x. 6, 13, 14). The manners, arms, religion, and gods of the Cretans and Philistines were the same. The arms of both were bows and arrows. Dagon, the god of the Philistines, was the same as the Dictynna of the Cretans. But Mr. Wells does not think these arguments convincing. He is of the same opinion with the authors of the Universal History, who say that Coptus, the name of an old city of Egypt, is a corruption of the ancient Caphtor. But whether they came from Crete, from Cappadocia, or from Egypt, they had certainly been a considerable time in the land of Canaan when Abraham arrived there, in the year of the world 2083. They were then a very powerful people, were governed by kings, and in possession of several considerable cities. Several of their kings then in power were named Abimelech. This race, however, was but of short duration, for their monarchy was changed to an aristocracy of five lords, who were partly independent of each other, though they acted in concert for the common cause. This form of government was again succeeded by another race of kings, among whom the prevailing names were Achish and Abimelech. They were not comprehended in the number of nations devoted to extermination, and whose territory the Lord had promised to the Hebrews; nor were they of the cursed seed of Canaan. However, Joshua gave their lands to the Hebrews. Josh. xv. 45, 47; and xiii. 2, 3. But these conquests of Joshua must have been ill maintained, since under the Judges, under Saul, and at the beginning of the reign of David, the Philistines oppressed the Israelites. Shamgar, Samson, Samuel, and Saul, indeed made head against them, but did not reduce their power; and they continued independent down to the reign of David, who conquered them. They continued in subjection to the kings of Judah down to the reign of Jehoram, son of Jehoshaphat, that is, for about 246 years. However, Jehoram made war against them, and probably reduced them to his obedience again; as they revolted again from Uzziah, who kept them in subjection during his reign. 2 Chr. xxi. 16, and xxvi. 6, 7. During the unfortunate reign of Ahaz, the Philistines made great havock in the territories of Judah; but his son Hezekiah subdued them. 2 Chr. xxviii. 18, and 2 Kings xviii. 8. Lastly, they regained their full liberty under the later kings of Judah; and we find from the vengeance denounced against them by the prophets Isaiah, Amos, Zephaniah, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel, that they brought many hardships and calamities upon the children of Israel: for which cruelties God threatened to

punish them. Esarhaddon besieged Ashdan u took it. Isa. xx. 1. And according to Be otus, Psammeticus, king of Egypt, took t city, after a siege of twenty-nine years. is great probability that Nebuchadne 122, v he subdued the Ammonites, Moabites, Egyp and other nations, bordering upon the des duced also the Philistines. After this the under the dominion of the Persians; the that of Alexander the Great, who destroyed the only city of Phoenicia that durst opper After the persecution of Antiochus Epo the Asmonæans subjected under their obere several cities of the Philistines; and Is gave to Jonathan Maccabæus the govern the whole coast of the Mediterranean, fro as far as Egypt, which included all the cu of the Philistines.

PHILISTIS, an ancient queen, whose still extant, but of whose life, reign, country government, nothing is recorded, or cany ascertained. Her coin is also mentioned rodotus, which shows that she must have rished before the time of that ancient his but nothing else is recorded by him respe her. Mr. Pinkerton thinks she reigned and as a confirmation of this conjecture met. some inscriptions of ΒΑΣΙΛΙΣΣΑΣ ΦΙΛΙΣΤΕΣ, on the Gradini of the theatre at Syracuse which do not appear to be older than th of the Romans. Some authors think she in Malta or Cossara, but Mr. Pinkerton doe think this probable.

PHILISTUS, an ancient historian, be Syracuse. He enjoyed the friendship of Th sius; but, being afterwards exiled, he w History of Sicily, in twelve books, wh much admired. He was afterwards recalie sent against the Syracusans by Dionys younger, but, being defeated, killed A. A. C. 356.

PHILLIPSITE, a new mineral accompa hersc' elite. Form of the crystals the s harmotome; but phillipsite contains silica ina, potassa, and lime, without any traces rytes, as is manifest by putting a drop of st acid into their solutions in the nitric or Annals of Philosophy, X. 362.

PHILLYREA, mock privet; a genus monogynia order and diandria class of p natural order forty-fourth, sepiariæ. Each contains two males and one female. Some there are seven species, all shrubby plan natives of France or Italy. Others reckon 3 three species, viz.

1. P. angustifolia, the narrow-leaved phily or mock privet, a deciduous shrub, na Spain and Italy. This is of low growth, se rising higher than eight or ten feet. The bran are few and slender, but they are beautifol spotted with gray spots. The leaves stand posite by pairs. They are long and nar spear-shaped, and undivided, of a deep color, and of a thick consistence. The are entire, and they stand on short foot-sta The flowers make no show. They are white and grow in clusters from the wings of t branches, in March, and are succeeded by round black berries. The varieties of this spec

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