"Our views, for the most part coincide with those of the Middle Class in this country; and if it be an axiom fairly deduced from history, that Constitutions are durable in proportion as the Middle Class under them is at once prosperous and powerful-in other words, contented with the general tendencies, and able to rectify the isolated abuses, of the political inachinery-there can be no policy less hazardous than one which calmly and gradually seeks the advance of that prosperity and the consolidation of that power."

OPINIONS OF THE PRESS.
EXAMINER.

The perfect novelty of design which characterises this new periodical, and the circumstance of its being conducted by men of the highest dis tinction in letters and science, give it unusual pretensions to favour; which are more than made good by the power and originality brought to bear upon its execution.

SPECTATOR.

The two principal scientific papers are distinguished by freshness, mastery of the subject, and popular treatment.

ATLAS.

This is the first number of a new magazine, which promises to impart unexpected grace, dignity, and strength, to our periodical literature.
This magazine takes at once a higher ground than any of its contemporaries.

MORNING CHRONICLE.

We hail the appearance of the "Monthly Chronicle" as a most valuable organ for the diffusion of sound political information, and a healthy taste
in literature.
We gladly hail the appearance of this new poriodical, and doubt not that it will at once take its place in the first rank of its contemporaries.

OBSERVER.

COURIER.

When we say that the first number of this proposed work-an important accession to our periodical literature-is worthy of the eminent names that E. are associated with it, it will be understood that no mean compliment is paid to its merits.*** The design has been spiritedly and admirably worked out. The political article is at once solid and brilliant. * ** We cannot close without according a note of praise to the able criticisms on the Theatres and Music. The first is especiall excellent. The magazine is of the largest size, and handsomely printed. London: Longman and Co.

TICKLER, containing a faithful Account of the Fortunes, Mis-pertly designated Mesenteric Atrophy, balists, or Decline, adapted
A desenated Mesenteric Atrophy, Marasmus, or Decline, adapted

Family. Edited by " Boz." And each Monthly Part embellished with
fortunes, Uprisings, Downfallings, and complete Career of the Nickleby
Two Illustrations by "Phiz."

"Mrs Sandford's previous work entitles her name to respect, and her
present performance strengthens her claim to it. It is an offering which PICTORIAL BIBLE.
should receive with gratitude."-Court Journal.

London: Printed for Thomas Tegg and Son, 73 Cheapside; and may be nan, Spenser, and Raleigh. procured, by order, of any other Bookseller in the Kingdom,

T

The Ballot.

No. 1575.

If I might give a short hint to an impartial writer, it would be to tell him hir fate. If he resolves to venture upon the dangerous precipice of telling unbiassed truth, let him proclaim war with mankind à la mode le pays de Pole-neither to give nor to take quarter. If he tells the crimes of great men, they fall upon him with the iron hands of the law; if he tell. their virtues, when they have any, then themoh attacks him with slanders But if he regards truth, let him expect martyrdom on both sides, and then he may go on fearless; and this is the course I take myself.-DE FOR.

THE POLITICAL EXAMINER. either to league with the official party, or to expose tons weight of stewing apparatus, a most guilty the commission to the suspicion of being biased excess, doubtless, in the eyes of Mr Praed, who that way. To obtain the confidence of the people would raise his voice in protest against a pipkin too of Canada the Commission must be kept as clear as much, for it seems that Lord Durhain's personal possible of any suspicion of local influence, tainted expenses are as much carped at as the public exmore or less by party as all such influence must be. penses of the mission, and there is about as much These, however, are considerations quite foreign to reason for the one class of cavils as the other. Tory views, and it cannot surprise us that the machinery for rising above the mists of faction is regarded as unnecessary by men who, were the matter in their hands, would be too ready to establish an Orange ascendancy in Canada, and to cure another fine country with the divisions of Ireland.

And after all this egregious fooling, this skirmishing with the legal adviser, and the aide-de-camp, and the lieutenant too much, and the plates and the dishes, LORD DURHAM'S MISSION. and crates of crockery, and suits of clothes, and pots The shabbiest, the meanest motion ever made in and pans, what is it that the Tories would really not Parliament was surely that of Lord Chandos upon have Lord Durham take out? Why, what they the expenses of Lord Durham's mission. How cha- The Tories, in their hearts, do justice to Lord would not have him take out is precisely what they Durham. They fear he will succeed in his most have never named in all this fighting about the racteristically the Tory party, which so profligately important mission, for they know that he will adopt bush-they would not have him take himself out. squandered hundreds of millions in the charges of the impartial course deserving success, and that the That is the plain truth. The legal adviser, and war, appear for the first time as pinching econo- justest intentions will be seconded by the best aide-de-camp, and lieutenant too many to any demists upon the occasion of an outlay of a few thou-talents and the best energies, a powerful under- gree, and the plates, dishes, and butter-boats, and sands for the purpose of healing strife, and restoring standing, and with it, what is excellent for such occa- pots and pans, might sail away and welcome, procontent and peace to a troubled colony. Compare sions and with such qualities, a strong will. When the vided only Lord Durham would stay behind in Tories carp and cavil at his preparations for going out, disgust. the lavish expenditure to which we owe the stupen- his coming home triumphant is the real thing in their The mission, with all its hopeful prospects, is dous amount of the national debt with the proposed thoughts. Dreading his return, with the honours of wormwood to the Tories, and the new Member for resolution that Lord Durham's mission of pacifica- having healed a festering wound in the empire, they Middlesex betrayed the bitterness of feeling on the tion should not exceed 12,6787.! To preserve the would first endeavour to disgust and provoke him to occasion which would be verbally represented by a peace of North America, and with it the peace of resign his appointment by this shabby huckstering slight but not unapt addition to his naine. Mr Woodthe world, for, as the Duke of Wellington wisely and about his suite, or, next, to retard his return by had the wormwood taste to drag in a cumbrous pointedly says, "England is too great a country to have abridging his means of carrying on his inquiries; and allusion to the motion against his kinsman, Lord a little war," the Tories would not consent to pay a here it is to be observed, that Lord Durham, with Londonderry's embassy, but the better feeling and stiver more than 12,678.; but, to carry on war, adequate assistance, may accomplish, in less than a juster spirit of his more generous kinsman was hundreds of millions were a trifle in their eyes. We twelvemonth, a work which, with less aid, would marked by the absence of his son from the division. have seen the precise sum which our opponents require three or four years, and ultimately cost the Lord Castlereagh, who has on several occasions would consent to give for the pacification of Canada; country more than twice the money which would (his manly speech in vindication of his countrymen, but have they set any bounds to the sum they would be expended on the more efficient service for the on the motion against Mr O'Connell for the breach shorter time, besides prolonging the suspense and of privilege, is fresh in recollection) manifested quaanxiety of the colony. lities which have raised him in the respect of his opponents, left the House before the division on the motion respecting the expenses of Lord Durham's mission.

afford for the violent coercion of it?

The Dutch have a thrifty maxim, that "paint costs nothing," the value of what it saves from decay so far exceeding its price; and it may be said too, with the same enlightened economy, that peace costs nothing, and, so long as we are paying the appropriate means for it, we cannot be paying dearly.

When a coxcombical prince observed to Mozart that there were too many notes in his compositions, the great master replied, "Sire, there are just as many as are necessary to the effect, and no more." In the scale of Lord Durham's staff and suite there

But the penny wise and pound foolish economy of the Tories neither embraces the consideration of the duration, nor of the efficiency of the service; and, with the peace and prosperity of a people at stake, Parliament, as Mr Praed said, in a spirit quite worthy of the motion, " In providing the means of enabling Lord Durham to proceed with his undertaking, ought to be satisfied that he would not require an aide-de-camp or even a lieutenant too much." For the enjoyment of the ridiculous in its are, we have no doubt, just as many persons as are utmost perfection, it is really to be regretted that necessary to his plan, and no more-and surely no the question was not brought to the fine point of a less, for Lord Durham is not the statesman to lieutenant question; a motion to retrench a surplus attempt any great work with inadequate means, the lieutenant, or a waste aide-de-camp, would have most thriftless of all faults. Yet the only error we been a grand subject for the genius of Mr Praed. see in his proposed arrangements is the insufficient And why was one of the heavy charges of the remuneration of the legal adviser, the salary of which Times not pressed against Lord Durham in the office is too low to requite any qualified man for House of Commons-the charge that his Lordship withdrawing himself for a few months from his pro- is not merely taking out too large a suite, but that fessional practice. he is taking out too many plates and dishes, too Lord Chandos proposed to limit the expenses of many tureens and butter-boats, an enormity of Lord Durham to those of Lord Gosford, and we china. Until we saw the uses made of this trebelieve that Lord Chandos's party would not have mendous article of impeachment in the Times, been sorry if, by appointing the same means, they could have brought about the same result, and rendered the Durham mission, for 12,6787., as barren as

the Gosford.

The broad difference between the circumstances of Lord Gosford's mission and that of Lord Durham was touched upon by Mr C. Buller

power

The smallness of the majority is thus explained by the Morning Chronicle:

And as

"A report had been spread at an early hour that there was to be no House, or at any rate no division. Lord Chandos, in a manner wholly unprecedented with respect to a motion of such importance, had given no distinct notice of motion, many Liberal members fell into the trap and went away from the House. The opposition had, on the contrary, brought their halt and blind in the hopes of gaining a majority by surprise.

"Of what importance divisions got by artifices as paltry as the motives from which they result can be conceived to be, either to the party or to the country, we cannot imagine. Lord Durham must not suppose that a division so near, obtained by such means, implies any disposition on the part of any honest or sane man in the country to stint his Lordship in his glorious and important mission by a petty and unwise economy. The division records nothing but the reckless factiousness of the Tories, who voted on no assignable pretext but that of there being too many aide-decamps on Lord Durham's staff, with no real object but that of embarrassing the Government, in which they have failed.

touching the excess of plates and dishes, we never "Why was no regular notice of motion given? What felt the full force of the vulgar saying, that a man is was to be understood by calling the attention of the House to the expenses of Lord Durham's mission to Canada ?' Is dishing himself; but the Times, with all the clatter calling the attention of the House to a subject synonymous it made about the china, suggested the most literal with moving a condemnatory resolution? If Lord Chandos interpretation of the saying. Perhaps, however, and those who abetted him had not contemplated trickery, our contemporary would add, that if his Lordship would they not have worded their motion in such a way as to enable members to know precisely what was objected to, did not dish himself, it was his purpose to dish the that the charge might be fairly met? Allowing that "It was perfectly unreasonable that the two appointments colonies with all that excess of china. Ministers could have little difficulty in answering satisfacshould be placed on the same footing. It was said that, as We regret that this part of the impeachment of torily the silly charges brought by Lord Chandos, it does they were both Governor-Generals, their offices were alike. Lord Durham was waived in the debate in favour of not follow that the generality of Liberal members could But Lord Gosford was a Governor-General with the instinctively know what his Lordship proposed to do; and of a commission opened in each province, whereas on Earl points not a whit more exalted. Mr Praed, in ad-it was beneath the dignity of respectable statesmen thus to Durham devolved the supreme government. He was invested dition to his lofty principle, that the Lord High steal a vote by a sort of Old Bailey trick. Without giving with more power than any governor ever had before, having Commissioner should not be allowed an aide-de- the Tories credit for much honourable feeling, we may say under his control the whole Executive Government as well camp, or even a lieutenant, too much, might have that if they had a consciousness that their cause was good, as the functions of the Legislature. His expenses would be thrown in the protest against a superfluous tureen they would have disdained wording their notice in such a increased by the circumstances of exasperation in which the parties were placed in the colonies, because he would be or butter-boat; and what a fine newspaper heading thrown for advice on the assistance of those whom he took for a debate would have been, "The Butter-Boat out, and could not depend on the suggestions of those who Question." lived in the country." We had written thus far when a new horror burst Lord Durham has to keep the views upon which upon us in the Times. Lord Durham, it is confi- would be counted out and break up at an early hour in the he will found his recommendations clear of partizan-dently, asserted, has actually ordered "two full Ge- evening, the more effectually to throw the Liberal members. ship, and, to do this, he must establish his own neral suits, and the uniform of a Field-Marshal." Two off their guard, whilst Mr William Holmes was exerting channels of information, instead of trusting to the suits! Here is betrayed his Lordship's love of his skill to procure a full attendance, and prevent the Tories withdrawing in too great numbers. There was all the local functionaries, who can hardly be supposed to change? The alleged excess of his suite is nothing appearance of an early rising of the House, in order to dupe have escaped completely the taint of party, however compared with this unparalleled plurality of his the Reformers; but members in sufficient number were fairly they may have been disposed. The Lord High suits. The second coat must certainly be brought always at hand to secure the continuance of a House for Commissioner must have unprejudiced agents for an before Parliament, for it proves a Radical contem- Lord Chandos."

way as to lead members to suppose that no substantive motion of censure was contemplated. Sir Robert Peel knows as well as any man the advantage of making a parade of candour when nothing is to be lost by it.

But the Tories themselves did not rely solely on the vagueness of the notice. They gave out that the House

impartial examination of the state of things in the plation of change. The great second coat ques- For our own parts, we are more disposed to blame present exasperated temper of the colonists, and tion will be a fine theme for Mr Praed. The Times the absent Liberal Members than the Tories, and if hence the necessity for a larger staff, instead of is evidently coming to close quarters with the Lord they were such gulls as to be tricked as alleged, trusting to local aids. But what need, asks Lord High Commissioner, and in a day or two we shall they are more to be censured for their egregious Chandos, for a law adviser, when there are an At- have his stock of shirts and stockings, with, perad- credulity than the Tories for practising on it, for torney and Solicitor-General in the colony? and venture, a night-cap question, on the tapis. Mean- their attendance at their posts on so important an certainly the colonial law officers might suffice if it while the thunderer launches his bolts at the pots occasion, could not be excused by anything true or entered into the design of Lord Durham's mission and pans, and charges Lord Durham with four untrue which the Tories chose to give out.

LORD BROUGHAM'S SUDDEN
DEPARTURE.

On Friday, the 30th, Lord Howick divulged the remarkable fact that his efforts for the immediate emancipation of the slaves in 1833 had been defeated by Lord Brougham, then Lord Chancellor, and the stanch advocate of the apprentice system, which he now so vehemently condemns; the following day, the 31st, Lord Brougham rather unexpectedly, we believe, left London for Paris, having before his departure written a letter to the Delegates, in which he declared, "from the defeat of an hour I only gather new zeal to pursue the glorious course before us" and oddly enough, as it seems to us, the new zeal which he had gathered to pursue the glorious course before him impelled him to pursue it in the direction of the gay metropolis of France. It is possible, however, that Lord Brougham may give a party the benefit of his absence when he wishes particularly well to their cause; but be that as it may, on the 31st, the day after the discovery of his opposition to immediate emancipation, he fled full

soon

upon

"But bade the rest stay fighting."

On the 2d April, his Lordship writes another letter to the Delegates, telling them to keep his character safe for him, but omitting the direction usual brittle wares, glass and such like, as to which side should be kept uppermost. Now Lord Brougham has two characters upon the slave question-his in character, when he would not listen to the proposal of immediate emancipation, and when he insisted on the apprenticeship as a necessary stage, and his out character, in which he shines as an uncompromising abolitionist, who will not hear of an hour's delay of the slave's freedom. Of which of these two characters are the Delegates to take care, or of the package of glass which side is to be kept uppermost, must be a perplexing question to the Delegates.

miserable shifts of place, and that "the principles of TRIBUNALS FOR DISPUTED ELECTIONS.
religion and the dictates of humanity" were as strong
when he defeated them from the woolsack in '33,
as now that he maintains them from his seat in oppo-
sition in '38.

THE GALLOWS IN DANGER.

The

The Irish Government is giving great and just dissatisfaction to that very meritorious class of her Majesty's subjects-the public executioners. It would seem to be all up with the hangmen. Those staunch supporters of the throne and halter, and "best possible public instructors," are ready to hang themselves, for want of other hanging matter. current of fortune that was wont, in the days gone by, to run in their favour at the rate of nine knots an hour (as Lord Norbury expressed his expedition in getting through his criminal business), has set in terribly against them, and we shall probably soon hear of some aggregate meeting of this ruined profession to protest against the public conduct of Lord Mulgrave.

We copy the following afflicting intelligence from the Dublin Evening Post :

"With the exception of Cork, all the assizes are now over. As far as we have been able to learn, THERE HAS NOT BEEN A SINGLE CAPITAL CONVICTION! We have not seen it alleged that there was a want of prosecutors in any case upon any of the circuits.

After the lapse of more than seven months since the previous assizes, the Judges deliver the gaols without leaving a single case for the executioner; and so complete has been the change produced in the habits of the people, by just and honest government, that systematic resistance to the law is at an end, and prosecutions are carried on with as much facility as in the most tranquil county in Great Britain."

"Parliaments without parliamentary liberties are but a fair and plausible way into bondage."-Pym.

The House of Commons has wisely determined to retain its jurisdiction on disputed Election Petitions. Sir Robert Peel has the merit on this occasion of having divested his mind of any party bias, and viewed the question with reference only to what is necessary to the ends of justice, and to the preservation of the due dignity and authority of the House. The subject was treated by him most luminously, most ably, and most impartially. For the improvement of the Election Committees, Sir Robert Peel's plan is as follows ::Parliament, after the election of a Speaker, should be to call "That after a general election, the first act of the new over the names of all the members, to ascertain who were competent to serve on election committees. In making the selection he should be much disinclined to leave it to the good and sufficient grounds of exemption. For instance, he option of members to refuse to serve if they could not show would not be disposed to allow such an excuse as that a

of the House. He would leave to him the nomination of

member had served on a committee, though that committee might have gone off in a few hours on a point of form. He would not exempt those against whose return a petition had able and efficient men would be thereby excluded, on the been presented, because while on the one hand very many other, an encouragement would be given to the presentation of frivolous petitions, presented with no other view than to disqualify those persons from serving on committees. The great object should be to give encouragement to fit persons to serve, and care should be taken that none so competent should be exempted without sufficient cause. Having thus got the list of members liable to serve on committees, and this was partly founded on the practice of the United States, the next thing to be done was to select those who were competent to act as assessors or judges. In ordinary cases he should not be disposed to apply to the Speaker, for he who was to decide in so many cases between members at both sides should not be called upon in instances where it might be thought that he would act with any bias of party. All that he should feel disposed to ask of the Speaker was one act which he was sure he would perform to the satisfaction the general committee of elections. That body should consist of only a few members, he would say four or six, or any smaller number; but it should not be less than the smaller number he had mentioned. He would trust to the Speaker's impartiality to select those equally from parties at both sides. To that committee he would leave the appointment of the select committee which would have to try controverted elections. Suppose there were 30 election petitions to be tried, he would have 30 committees appointed. The committees might then be apportioned to each election petition by lot, or by the general committee; but as he was disposed to exclude all chance, he would prefer leaving the appointment to the committee on its responsibility. Then as to the numbers which should compose the committees to Five would, he try elections, he would limit them to seven. thought, be too small, but he would not object to seven or nine. If in any case the committee should be considered objectionable, there should exist a right to ask from the general committee a committee of 11 or of 13, giving the option of It is not, however, the Trois Echelles and Petit two strikes to each party. In that way any partiality in the Andrés alone that have ground of complaint against selection of the committee to try the petition would be guarded against. Then he would give to each committee the revolutionary Administration which has thus the aid of an assessor. This might be done in two ways. audaciously subverted the time-honoured institution One would be to appoint six members of the committee, and of the rope. Dear to nations are their ancient to let the assessor act as chairman, requiring him to state usages; dear the pastimes at which their fathers and grandfathers sported. Hanging has been the custom of Ireland from time immemorial; and Mr Moore has noticed, amongst other classic tastes of his countrymen, their fondness for the game described by Virgil

As there are no executions in Ireland, it is plainly absurd to talk of the law being executed in that country. We trust Lord Donoughmore will be more careful in the choice of his expressions the next time that he so utterly forgets the duties of a ProHaving run away from Lord Howick's charge, testant Tory Peer as to eulogise such a Government as Lord Brougham shows himself quite a conjuror in Lord Mulgrave's, out of a mere parade of generosity anticipating the hue and cry raised after himand candour. The journal we have quoted speaks turned than all their virulence, constantly suppressed in my "The last time. I went abroad, no sooner was my back of the "complete change produced by a just and presence, was let loose against me, and their houses in Lon- honest Government;" but we confess we do not don and in its neighbourhood became the receptacles of see how the administration of justice can properly slanderers, who found it now easy and even safe to carry on be described as complete," when the laws are their traffic against those who were not present to defend universally left unfinished, and the occupation of themselves. The last papers that I saw before leaving Dover yesterday show that the same despicable game is to be the finishers is gone. It is the gallows, and only the played now." gallows, that properly crowns and finishes the law. Law without hanging is a pillar without a capital. The true Corinthian capital of polished society is capital punishment, and the correct hangings for the halls of Justice are hanged criminals. The Tory Viceroys know how to furnish the Castle!

But why did he go abroad-why did he, with the new zeal he had gathered from the defeat of the hour on the 30th, pursue the glorious course before him precisely in the direction of Paris? Lord Howick had not suppressed his charge while the ex-Chancellor was present. Lord Brougham was not on his road to Paris when Lord Howick said "thus didst thou," and proved that he had been the too successful opponent of negro emancipation. Lord Brougham flics when the mask is torn from him, and then says, "Mark, good people, that because I am absent my character will be canvassed;" but this is a whimsical transposition of the case; for it is not because he is absent that his consistency and good faith have been brought under discussion, but it is because his consistency and good faith have been brought under discussion by the disclosure of Lord Howick that he is absent.

"Ludere pendentes pueros."

assessors.

the law to the committee in all cases where differences might arise, and giving him also the power of voting, if necessary, as any other member of the committee. The second mode would be to let the committee consist of seven members of the House, having the legal advice and assistance of the assessor. He would give no opinion as to which of these would be the preferable mode, but he was rather inclined to adopt the latter, from his desire to keep the jurisdiction as much as possible to the House. He We know how merrily the Oak-boys, Heart-of-would give to the general committee the right of appointing There are too many characters in this great city Steel-boys, and White-boys, were accustomed to the assessors. The course which he would pursue with that might hold the same language as Lord divert themselves, at this Virgilian amusement, after respect to the assessors would be this:-He would allow Brougham if they had the same effrontery. Filch, every Assizes in the good old Tory times. In fact, and legal knowledge, and who were willing to act as asses parties who were properly qualified by sufficient standing when he learns that a Howick has denounced him if there is any one point in the whole administration sors, to signify by writing to the Speaker their willingness at the public office Bow street, might as well say to of public justice about which the Irish have always to undertake the duty. From the list of candidates so the bystanders," The last time I took to my heels been more particular, indeed nice, than about sent in he would allow the general committee to select the "in the streets, no sooner was my back turned than any other, that point is hanging. Bacon, in his He would give them most liberal salaries, such as would secure the aid of the most competent persons, but a cry of Stop thief!' was raised after me by the essay "Of Custom and Education," which Lord at the same time he would have it notified to them that their "vile emissaries of the Government; and you'll Mulgrave would do well to read, relates an anecdote services would not be required for more than the one year, sce, good people, that the moment I run for it, as which clearly proves the strength of the popular and that their salaries would not be continued beyond that "I shall do presently, the same villanous calumny feelings in Ireland upon this subject. "I remem-year. They should be told, "There is a certain employment "will be repeated. The last paper that I saw before" ber," he says, "in the beginning of Queen Eliza- further claim to salary or compensation." At the same time to be given, and when that is performed you will have no leaving Rosemary lane, the Hue and Cry, shows "beth's time of England, an Irish rebel condemned he would allow the salary for the time they were employed. "that the same despicable game is to be played off" put up a petition to the Deputy, that he might be to be given on a most liberal scale. Then, when any diffi. hanged in a wyth, and not in a halter, because it cult question of law should arise, he would allow an appeal "had been so used with former rebels." to the general body of assessors to decide the question, Now, if this strong feeling was manifested, when would not court an appeal where it could be avoided, but which would produce an uniformity of decisions. He a Lord-Lieutenant simply proposed to introduce a where it became necessary there would be a court of appeal, change into the mode of hanging, and so slight a without going beyond the walls of the House." change as suspension by a halter instead of a wyth, In this project Sir Robert Peel adopts the two the effect produced by the cessation of hanging al- main features of Mr C. Buller's plan, the reduction One word to the Delegates. As they value their together may be conceived: for our part, we expect of the number of Members upon Committees, and good cause, and as they desire to hasten the success to hear by the next post that Ireland is in open the appointment of assessors in aid of their delibeof it, let them keep it clear of any party uses, and, insurrection-the "Gallows in danger," being rations and judgments. As to the number, we prefer beyond all, of the revengeful party uses of a disap- the cry. the five proposed by Mr C. Buller to the nine or pointed party man. A just cause can better dispense It is an odd coincidence that the rights of the seven proposed by Sir Robert Peel, for, in the with the aid of the most brilliant talent, than it can people of Ireland to be hanged after the manner of smaller number, the responsibility would be the bear the taint of a malignant purpose in the direc- their ancestors have been outraged in the reigns of stronger, and the attention the stricter. tion of it. The friends of the negroes cannot, if our two maiden Queens; violated under Elizabeth The assessorships should, in our opinion, be perthey would, renounce the aid of Lord Brougham's by the innovation recorded by Lord Bacon, and vir- manent appointments; and if competent persons great abilities in the advocacy of the cause, but they tually abrogated under Victoria by a system of go- can be found in the House, it would be undesirable can refuse to lend themselves to the gratification of vernment which has exploded the rope altogether. to seek the aid from without; and if the law be simhis party resentiments; and when he so vehemently No doubt the Viceroy who discarded the wyth for plified, and declared so as to clear up obscurities censures Ministers for opposing themselves to "the the halter believed the reformation a safe, as it was and settle disputed points, and the Registration principles of religion and the dictates of humanity" certainly a slight one. Behold, however, the evil of Courts be improved, there will be no difficulty in upon which he now makes his stand, they may re- tampering with established institutions! The halter finding Members of the House qualified to perform mind him that "the principles of religion and the goes the way of the wyth. The gallows itself is in the duty of assessors. dictates of humanity" do not change with the danger under the present Deputy.

66 now. How is it, let me ask, that they never cry
Stop thief!' when I stand my ground?"
Why they never cry Stop thief!" when Filch
stands his ground-because, by a very uniform co-
incidence, Filch always happens to be running with
exceeding expedition when the cry after him is

raised.

To the temporary and occasional employment of

assessors we object, as it is the interest of men in such cases to spin out proceedings, to the great expense of parties, which might otherwise be very shortly brought to a close.

WANTS OF THE IRISH CHURCH.

in contact with the chimney. As the vessel approached the originality and force of mind which can truckle to Nore, the smell of heated oil attracted attention; but its no depravity of taste, and compromise no opinion. flames, emitting, of course, large volumes of smoke.' origin was not perceived until in a few minutes it burst into No greater master of the English language than Walter Savage Landor, ever elevated or adorned it. If the bursting out of the fire illustrated the great Somewhat too thorough a sensitiveness on the subcaution which had marked all the movements of the ject of language, somewhat too precise an appreproprietors, and every hand connected with the hension of the vehicle of his thoughts, might indeed We observe in the columns of a Dublin Tory ship, did the cause of the fire illustrate the great be urged with a show of justice against him; nor print, amongst other public wants, that of "A Cu-caution which had marked all the movements of the should we object to his being charged with the rate of Evangelical Principles,' -no uncommon proprietors, and every hand connected with the crimes of an anti-prosaic style, for what we have, in want this, we may be tolerably certain, in such a ship? The workmen, we are told, had improperly this sense, gained in clearness and intelligibility since Church as exists in Ireland by the grace of Belial, used a quantity of red lead, oil, and felt, about that Lord Bacon and Jeremy Taylor, we have lost in raand to the glory of Mammon. An Evangelical," part of the boilers in contact with the chimney; but ciness, in vigour, in imagination-in all those great that is to say, a Christian Clergyman, is not to be was it no one's business to find that out?-had no qualities which fill Mr Landor's works to very overfound in Ireland save by newspaper advertisement one eyes to see it, and sense and skill to know the flowing. Time, we again say, must set the matter and public proclamation at the market-cross. danger of it? Further, did the workmen employ them-right. It is not so long since similar objections classed "Wanted, a Christian Parson," just as the Zoolo- selves, without direction and for pastime, in paying still more eminent names with the obsolete and ungical Society might advertise their want of a black over with red lead and oil the felt in contact with the intelligible. The critics of the age of Anne, and of swan, or that miraculous fowl, the phoenix. chimney? Are such things done without orders, the duller days of the first and second Georges, were This advertisement is a more poignant stroke of and without superintendence, and without detection never tired of insisting upon the obsolete style, the practical satire than that of the cynic, who went when done? Are workmen left to their fancies in wilful whims, the unintelligible absurdities of the about with his lantern in search of an honest man. such matters, and when they commit the little error Elizabethan authors. This one or that, they adDiogenes, had he lived in our days, would have of placing combustible matter in contact with hot mitted, might have merit, but he was obsolete. His made a similar expedition of discovery through the iron, is it no one's business to correct the error? phraseology was to be altered-amended. Beauopulent domains of the Established Church in Ire- The last illustration of caution is quite in keeping nont and Fletcher were obsolete-Ben Jonson was land, and amongst the florid files of its Bishops, with all the rest of the glorification. The smell of obsolete-Shakspeare himself was obsolete. In the Priests, and Deacons, and when folk asked him fire was noticed, but its cause was not ascertained room of the barbarous dramas of Lear and Hamlet, what he sought, he would have replied, in the lan- till the flames told the story of the felt about the Othello and Macbeth, the public were treated with guage of this bitter advertisement,-" Wanted, an chimney! the Cato of Mr Addison, the Grecian Daughter of Evangelical Clergyman." The frequency of accidents to steamers has be- Mr Murphy, and the Irene of Doctor Johnson. come most alarming, and the public must feel that The rough and sturdy sinews of the drama were the only security against the recurrence of them is rasped off to suit the dwarfed taste and intellect of in tracing them to the negligences from which they the time, till the Tragic Muse (always, more or less, arise, and taking measures for improved care and in fetters) limped and became an object of derision or superintendence. Proprietors are very fond of disgust. But, where now, is Cato? and where coming to the conclusion that no one is to blame; Macbeth! but there can be no conclusion more adverse to their interests in the public sense of security, for if no one is to blame for accidents, it follows that no human caution can guard against the dangers.

1

The difficulty in a Christian Church would be to find a Clergyman who was not a Christian. So unEvangelic is the Irish Church, that when an Evangelical Minister is wanting, men advertise for the rarity in the public journals.

In the recent case of the Victoria, the Inquest found that the five poor fellows came to their deaths by the bursting of the boiler from an insufficient supply of water, but it did not appear who was to blame for having neglected the supply of water, or whether there was any superintendence to see that the thing was done.

The public is informed that it is a "country parish, not ten miles distant from Sligo," which labours under the necessity for an Evangelical Curate. At this intelligence we are not at all surprised. From the low state of morality which we have reason to believe exists amongst Colonel Perceval's Orange constituents, we are perfectly certain that the ministry of a Christian pastor must have been long a desideratum in that county. It is pleasant, however, to find that the deficiency is felt; we hope the advertisers may succeed, and that the next Assizes may prove the good effects of an "Evangelical Curate." In the report of the accident on board the great Another point in this curious advertisement is Western Steam-ship, it is stated that the heat of the worthy of special notice. The " Evangelical Cu-fire was so great that it was with difficulty that the rate" is expressly warned that "he would have to engineer could go into the engine-room to stop the labour!" Why was it necessary to tell a Clergyman engine. To guard against any such difficulty (howof this stamp that he would have to labour ?" The idea of an Evangelical Clergyman, not a labourer, is preposterous. Labour is implied in the word evangelical; the idea is more essential to the character of such a Clergyman than to that of any other functionary in any other service. Had the advertisement been for a Parson simply, the warning that labour was amongst the conditions would have been not only correct, but indispensable; for scarcely one Irish Parson out of one hundred expects, or has the least reason to expect, upon enter ing a parish, to find his salary encumbered with duty. But advertising, not for a mere Parson, but Evangelical" one, to add that he would be required to discharge active spiritual offices, seems altogether superfluous. Nothing can more clearly show how widely and totally dissevered in the Irish mind is the idea of a Clergyman of the Establishment from that of a Minister of the Gospel.

We have come to the more immediate subject of this notice-dramatic poetry. The first specimen of a perfectly dramatic style, did not, in our opi nion, exist in English literature till after the play of Pericles-as it came, rewritten in the latter scenes, from the hand of Shakspeare. Quick and sudden intensity of passion-quiet intervals of repose-a radiating power of thought and startling transitions of dialogue-what we may in short describe as at once the most vivid and most naked forms of pure dramatic passion-are the pre-eminent and distinguishing characteristics of those great scenes. They were afterwards seized by other dramatists, more especially Webster, Cyril Tourneur, and Dekker, and brought by them to a still higher point of perfection. Meanwhile, in the wonderful and more ever momentary) for the future, would it not be comprehensive genius of Shakspeare, achieving easy to conduct the machinery for stopping the fresh triumphs, and subduing to its use new exerengine to the deck. Many a collision would be cises of the reason and the passions-these single avoided if one of the crew on deck could ease or and distinct characteristics became merged in the stop the engine on the instant without passing the grander and completer forms of all-embracing truth word. which had opened upon his matured imagination; yet he had been their first author, in his youthful additions to this play of Pericles, which in the new style they introduced had the almost immediate effect of quenching the turbid star of Marlowe, then gleaming its last upon the English stage.

for an

For the rest, we should merely like to know how the Rector of this Sligo benefice is to be employed, and under what meridian he designs to fix his abode, while his "Evangelic Curate does the work of the vineyard.

TORY VINDICTIVENESS.

The result

LORD BROUGHAM'S CHANGE or OPINION

AS TO IMMEDIATE EMANCIPATION.

Chronicle.

THE LITERARY EXAMINER.

Dramatic Scenes. By Walter Savage Landor, Esq.
[In the Pentameron and Pentalogia. One vol.]
Saunders and Otley.

that his conduct has been the subject of such severe anIt was not because Lord Brougham changed his mind imadversion, but because he refused to make the same allowance for his former colleagues which he claimed for himself. That he was, in 1833, the most strenuous of all the advocates of a state of transition will be readily line" has frequently been referred to, and for a cerbelieved; for it is not in his nature to be anything in tain bold and ambitious style he is unquestionably moderation: but while he was very full of charity for entitled to very high praise. But here, speaking himself, and looked with an eye of indulgence on his own generally, we think his merit ends. He is not reinability to trace in the Act of 1833 the consequences which markable for any profundity of observation; any have flowed from it, his invectives against his former col- acute insight into, or spirited exhibition of, characBrougham owes it to the tone of his accusations against leagues partook of no such charity and indulgence. Lord even his verse, though occasionally very Ministers that so much importance was attached to the animated, is seldom or never dramatic. statement of Lord Howick in the House of Commons, more of the epic flow-even of softness-strange the strictures on his conduct pronounced by Mr O'Con- as that word may seem in connection with the nell, and the animadversions of the press.-Morning author of Tamburlaine-and it wants the stern and compressed character, the sudden and startling transitions, which are the life of the acted drama, The Bristol Tories, not satisfied with their defeat and in which we are about to show Mr Landor in petitioning against the return of the Liberal Member, Mr H. F. Berkeley, have followed it up stands pre-eminent. The "mighty line" of Marlowe by bringing certain qui tam actions against the (where it is mighty-for it is sometimes feeble Honourable Member's friends, for bribery, at the enough) arises out of mere recklessness and want of Gloucester Assizes, just concluded. those happier verses; dashes at everything; is He pours out all his animal spirits into has been a complete failure on their part, and a verdict for the defendants in every instance. careless of propriety, and indifferent to character of defence in each action was conducted by Mr SerThe Pentameron and Pentalogia has fallen silently all sorts-whence it is, by dint of these very defects, and unregarded from the press. We the more gladly he soars and falls, and rushes here and there, jeant Talfourd, who contented himself by merely discharge our duty to the higher interests of litera- erratic as a comet, and sometimes as glittering and cross-examining the Tory witnesses, and sending Beach successive case to the jury, with a powerful ture, by a second notice of a work of such unques- baleful! There is also, now and then, a gloomy splendour about his verse, indicative, as may be supThe (comparative) neglect with which the works posed, of the mood in which he wrote, and with of Mr Landor have been treated by his contempora- which it is impossible not to be impressed. He ries, will be matter of remark hereafter, when the has at his will visions of classic times; of volupprofound thoughts he has left to posterity, and the tuous shapes; of barbaric grandeur;--but his imanoble style they are embodied in, shall have borne gination is never spiritual, or sublimated; it is of richest fruit and blossom. For the ultimate destiny the earth, earthy; sometimes indeed traversing the of such a writer is placed beyond chance or change regions below-but more generally rioting in the In the account of the accident to the Great-he has secured the advocacy of Time, the rectifier magnificence of worldly wealth, the tyranny of Western Steam-ship, in a Morning Paper, we have of all things, who matures as well as he destroys, power, the sensuality of love-quitting the Harem, who strips oblivion from some to place it on others, it may be, but only for Aladdin's cave-or riches, for An accident occurred, which admirably illustrates the and darkens finally and for ever only upon the some barbarian's throne. With the single exception great caution which had marked all the movements of the undeserving. of Faustus there is no aspiration in all Marproprietors of this splendid ship, and of every hand con- The single noticeable charge we ever heard against lowe's writings after better things. He never recognected with her; this was no less than an alarm of fire. The Landor accused him of a peculiarity of language and nises the supremacy, nay, even the importance, of workmen employed to coat the boilers with felt, for the purpose of preventing the radiation of heat, had improperly used style not always lucid or intelligible for which we intellect-he never appears to feel the beauty or the quantity of oil, red lead, and felt, about that part of them would substitute, as the more correct description, an disinterestedness of love he rushes onward in his

The

address, and without calling a single witness. A scene of grosser perjury and prevarication never was presented in a court of justice. It reflects infamy on the party which has stooped to such base means of gratifying their resentments.

STEAM SHIP ACCIDENTS.

been struck with this passage:

tionable originality and genius.

irregular and turbulent course, sometimes soaring and often sinking-but ever without any great, good, or definite object in view, because acknowledging no prompter save that of a fiery and passionate will. The same extravagant and erring spirit" which eventually led to his death, impelled his pen incessantly through life, and gave to all he wrote a violent or a sensual character.

'Twas I, 'twas I, who did it;
Of our unhappiest house the most unhappy!
Under this roof, by every God accurst,
There is no grief, there is no guilt, but mine.
Orestes. Electra! no!

Such, in his main characteristics, was the dramatic 'Tis now my time to suffer writer whose works held possession of the stage Mine be, with all its pangs, the righteous deed. when Pericles, altered by the new Warwickshire We know nothing finer than this in Sophocles actor at the Blackfriars Theatre, made its appearhimself. In the entire range of the tragic drama, ance there. The quick, nervous, naked dialogue ancient and modern, we do not know a more sudden, presented in it-the pure effluence of its natural fearful, and tremendous plunge into the very innerand varied passion,-so different from Marlowe's most depths of tragic passion and dramatic expresbattles and atrocities, his untameable passions, sion. That incident of the creaking of the bathhis clangour of arms, frownings of tyrants, and all door on the ear of Electra, with all its terrible his common-places of tragic grandeur-at once laid associations and the instant retribution which hangs the foundation of a better taste in the play-going over them, would have elicited awe and admiration public, and of a higher and more natural school from the author of Macbeth-and the coming madamong the dramatists themselves. Shakspeare after-ness of Orestes is not more finely depicted, even in wards far outstripped his contemporaries, ascend- the Choephora. This is only one in a series of such ing, alone and unattended, the highest heaven of scenes, from the subjects of the Athenian drama, invention; but on the same ground remained to the that have marked out Walter Savage Landor for the last Cyril Tourneur, Webster, and the author of achievement of a complete Greek tragedy (if he is the Honest Whore; and from these writers it is, so minded, and will bestow upon it the necessary we think, that the strongest and best definition of amount of labour and patience) that may take its the distinctive character of the dramatic style must proud place near to the masterpieces of Eschylus or be drawn for in their works its characteristics Sophocles. stand out in single and most forcible prominency, while in the grander writings of Shakspeare they are overshadowed by ten thousand other characteristics, denied to any writer beside, of reason, human character, imagination, and philosophy.

Tested by this definition, then, the dramatic scenes of Mr Walter Savage Landor appear to us to stand quite apart in power and excellence; nor was the publication of this noble Pentalogia needed to confirm, in that respect, the claims of the author of Ippolito di Este, and of the two great parts of Ines de Castro All that he has ever written in poetry, whether dramatic in form or not, has been deeply and essentially so in spirit; and we should not trouble ourselves to deny that, owing to this circumstance, his poetry at least may fairly have been thought unintelligible by the mass of general readers. It wanted, for them, the help of the material adjuncts of the stage to explain it, since the imagination which would have served instead they had not. Landor's dramatic scenes are the perfection of the simple and nervous dramatic style embodied in the first scene of the fifth act of Pericles-and in which the effects are grandly and almost solely dependent on the material agents they call into action. We cannot read them without seeing the very scene before us-the quiet or flushed faces of the speakers -the various and passionate action; without hearing, as it were, the terrible or the gentle tones by which each line of the poetry is embodied into human shape and form. Landor does not resort to words to assure us that a passion exists in his scene-words follow but slowly and meagrely in the fearful train of an already existent passion! Take the scene between Orestes and Electra which ex

presses

Strike her, the tigress!

how proud

Think
Give the sword scope.
upon our father
think what a man was he,
How fond of her! how kind to all about,
That he might gladden and teach us
Of thee, Orestes! tossing thee above
His joyous head and calling thee his crown.
Ah! boys remember not what melts our hearts
And marks them evermore!

Bite not thy lip,
Nor tramp as an unsteddy colt the ground,
Nor stare against the wall, but think again
How better than all fathers was our father.

Go..
Orestes. Loose me, then! for this white hand, Electra,
Hath fastened upon mine with fiercer grasp
Than mine can grasp the sword.
Electra.

Go,

sweet Orestes !
Avenge him!

I knew not I was holding thee..
(Alone.) How he sprang from me!

The room before the bath

Sure, he now has reacht

It hath creakt thus since he since thou, O father!
Ever since thou didst loosen its strong valves,

Either with all thy dying weight, or strength
Agonized with her stabs

Ah me!

What plunge was that?

What groans are those?

Orestes (returning).

Rejoicing the Eumenides.

They sound through hell
She slew

Our father: She made thee the scorn of slaves;
Me (son of him who ruled this land and more)

She made an pulcast

...

Would I had been so

every ere such vengeance Electra.

O that Zeus
Hade thy fall sooner at thy side
Without to drops! list! they are audible..
For they are many.. from the sword's point falling,
and downfrom the mid blade!

Our next extract shall be from the dialogue sup-
posed to pass between the parents of Luther, some
few months" before his birth. The opening is of
surpassing beauty, delicacy, and sweetness :-

John Luther. I left thee, Margaretta, fast asleep,
Thou, who wert always earlier than myself,
Yet hast no mine to trudge to, hast no wedge
To sharpen at the forge, no pickaxe loose
In handle.

Come, blush not again: thy cheeks
May now shake off those blossoms which they bore
So thick this morning, that last night's avowal
Nestles among them still.

So, in few months
A noisier bird partakes our whispering bower.
Say it again.

'How could you go
And never say good-bye, and give no kiss?
John. It might have waken'd thee. I can give more
Kisses than sleep: so thinking, I heav'd up
Slowly my elbow from above the pillow,
And, when I saw it woke thee not, went forth.
Marg. I would have been awaken'd for a kiss,
And a good-bye, or either, if not both.

John. Thy dreams were not worth much then.
And yet he finds them something worth when she
is prevailed upon to tell them. They are of a
"boy" whom her father has insisted shall be called
Martin after himself (because "Saint Martin both
was brave, and cloth'd the poor"), and whom the
dream reveals to her, holding, with immovable grasp,
an angel's sword, and by its help resisting all manner
of" tottering shapes" of devils. She fancies all this
ominous of a rise in the church for her boy, as her
uncle is "sacristan, and uncle had once an uncle
who was parish priest." There must, she thinks,
be truth in it :-

John. There shall be then. Your uncle's sacristy
Shall hold the armour quite invisible,
Until our little Martin some fine day
Bursts the door open, spurr'd, caparison'd,
Dukes lead his bridle, princes tramp behind.
He may be pope .... who knows?
Marg.
Are you in earnest ?
But if he should be pope, will he love us?
Or let us (0 yes sure he would!) love him?
Nor slink away, ashamed? Pope, no; not pope,
But bishop (ay?) he may be? There are few
Powerfuller folks than uncle Grimmermann.
Promise he scarce would give us, but a wink
Of hope he gave, to make a chorister.

John. If thou wilt find materials, were his words.
Marg. I did not mark the words; they were too light:
And yet he never breaks his troth.

No, he would rather break his fast ten times.
Do not look seriously when church allows,
I mean; no more; six days a week; not seven.
I have seen houses where the Friday cheese
Was not (in my mind) cut with Thursday knife.
Marg. O now for shame! such houses cannot stand.
Pr'ythee talk reason .... As the furnace-mouth
Shows only fire, so your's shows laughter only.
Choristers have been friars
our's may be
And then a father abbot.
John.

As salmon up Schaffhausen.
Marg.
Then

Manfully to the beard that wagged with them
My courage is now safe beyond suspicion
Myself can hardly doubt it after this..
Yet that audacious criminal dared spit
Reproaches! seldom are they bearable,
But, springing up from reason, sting like asps
Not that the man has reason he has none
For, what had I to do with it? I spoke
And, when we are commanded, we must speak.
It was her Grace and surely she knows best.
I may now wash my hands of him at last,
To this a note is appended which we quote for its
I have but done my duty fall who may.
noble remark on Shakspeare-

ing (the only one that ever did exist) his superior in intel Bacon little knew or suspected that there was then exist lectual power. Position gives magnitude. While the world was rolling above Shakspeare, he was seen imperfectly: when he rose above the world, it was discovered that he was greater than the world. The most honest of his contempo raries would scarcely have admitted this, even had they known it. But vast objects of remote altitude must be looked at a long while before they are ascertained. Ages are the telescope-tubes that must be lengthened out for Shak speare; and generations of men serve but as single wit nesses to his claims.

With a reiteration of all the praise we bestowed in a former notice of this exquisite book, we now leave the Pentameron and Pentalogia to present neglect, and future fame.

A volume of Southey's ballads and metrical tales can have no better recommendation than its own title. Few pieces of the same class of poetry are so widely and deservedly popular in England. "Mary, the Maid of the Inn,' "God's Judgment on a Wicked Bishop," "The Battle of Blenheim," "The Old Woman of Berkeley," are amongst our earliest, most familiar, and most delightful poetical acquaintances of the family of the romantic ballad. "Most of the pieces in this volume were written," says the author in the preface, "in early life; a few are comparatively of recent date, and there are some of them which lay unfinished for thirty years." Dr Southey mentions a curious anecdote respecting "The Old Woman of Berkeley," which a certain respectable critic discovered to be " а mock ballad!" A Russian traveller who visited the author at Keswick, informed him that this mock ballad, "having been translated and published in Russia, was prohibited for this singular reason, that children were said to be frightened by it."

"God's Judgment on a Wicked Bishop" is a fable of easy and vivid application to prelates of our own country and own time. Bishop Hatto may be read Bishop Ratto; and there can be no great difficulty in fixing upon a member of the Right Reverend Bench to whom the name of Ratto would be admi rably appropriate. Should heaven, in its justice, visit the public offences of this Prelate with a vindictive dispensation, undoubtedly the blow could not possibly take a fitter or more righteous shape than a plague of rats. "God Almighty," says the prose history prefixed to the ballad, "mustered up army of rats against the Archbishop, and sent them to persecute him as his furious Alastors, so that. they afflicted him both by day and night, and would not suffer him to take his rest in any place." It would not be difficult to muster a nice little army of rats on the Opposition benches for the modern service we allude to. Graham would have high posts, but Sir Francis. Lord Stanley and Sir James Burdett would be field-marshal.

LAST ILLNESS AND DEATH OF SIR W. SCOTT.

an

"The irritation of impatience, which had for a moment-
been suspended by the aspect and society of Rome, returned
the moment he found himself on the road, and seemed to in-
crease hourly. His companions could with difficulty prevail
on him to see even the Falls of Terni, or the Church of Santa
Croce at Florence. On the 17th, a cold and dreary day,
they passed the Apennines, and dined on the top of the
mountains. The snow and the pines recalled Scotland, and
he expressed pleasure at the sight of them. That night
they reached Bologna, but he would see none of the inter-
esting objects there and next day, hurrying in like manner
through Ferrara, he proceeded as far as Monselice. On the
19th he arrived at Venice; and he remained there till the
23rd; but showed no curiosity about anything except the
Bridge of Sighs and the adjoining dungeons-down into
which he would scramble, though the exertion was exceed
On the other historical features of
We close our extracts with the closing passage of attractions for him--he would not even look; and it was the
that place-one so sure in other days to have inexhaustible
a dialogue between Essex and Bacon, in which the same with all that he came within reach of even with the
antagonist movements of sordidness and greatness in fondly anticipated chapel at Inspruck-as they proceeded
the restless bosom of the Chancellor are touched Heidelberg, to Frankfort. Here (June 5.) he entered a
through the Tyrol, and so onwards, by Munich, Ulm, and
with singular power-
bookseller's shop; and the people seeing an English

John. Ring the bells! Martin is pope, by Jove!
How finely Luther himself is shadowed forth in this
union of earnest faith and hope, to boisterous and
laughing confidence. The scene is a masterpiece of ingly painful to him.
character and delicacy.

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