yode the past tense of the same. This did not mislead him as regards yode, so that he wrote correctly enough "Before them yode a lustie tabrere." Shepheard's Calendar, May, 22. But, with respect to yede, he has erred in at least three places: "Then badd the knight his lady yede aloof." "But if they with thy gotes should yede." Shepheard's Calendar, July, 109. 'em, and never consider intrinsic worth! but counterfeit honour will not be current with me: I weigh the man, not his title; 'tis not the King's stamp can make the metal better or heavier." It is not perhaps very likely that Burns had read Wycherly's Plays, and yet there is the same perception of moral truth, varied only in its expression by their special gifts. S. H. ROUGH PIETY.-Having been in the habit, and that before the time of Captain Cuttle, of making a note of things which struck me in my studies, I found the other day, upon looking over some old papers, the following stanza from some hymn, Nares gives no instance from any other author which I send for the entertainment of your readers. beyond quoting yede as a preterite; and it would From what it is taken, I know not, but have no be curious to know if the mistake really occurs in scruple in transcribing it; as, however absurd, it any other author's works. Spenser certainly did clearly was not meant to be profane, and must not find it so used by his master Chaucer, nor by have been the production of some locksmith, who any other writer of the fourteenth century. I applied the ideas and phrases of his art to purobserve in the new edition of book II. of the poses of theology: Faerie Queene in the Clarendon Press Series, that the error has been allowed to pass uncorrected, and that to yede is supposed to mean to gad. But gad is derived from the old word for a goad, and there is literally no more connection between yede and gad than there is between goed and goad; so that the suggestion merely amounts to a pun upon the words. WALTER W. SKEAT. 1, Cintra Terrace, Cambridge. 66 My soul is like a rusty lock, Queries. W. ANONYMOUS. Who is the author of the very interesting account of the English versions of the Scriptures published by the Religious Tract Society, and entitled Our English Bible? A. ROBERT WALLACE, ESQ. - In The Times of Tuesday, August 18, there is an elaborate "History of the Post Office" to the present time; but, to my great surprise, no mention is made in it of Mr. Robert Wallace, of Kelly, M.P. for Greenock, who will be honoured by posterity for his great and successful exertions on behalf of Post-office reform-exertions perseveringly carried on over a long series of years, in spite of difficulty, discouragement, and opposition. He is very well known at Glasgow, and it will appear also, from the proceedings of Parliament, that he originated and ended with the two following lines: CARDINAL BEAUFORT.-I had some time ago, in MS., some lines on the picture of the death of Cardinal Beaufort; I have lost the MS., and much wish to recover the lines. They commenced, as far as I recollect, thus, and carried through it the Penny Postage as it is UNDESIGNED COINCIDENCES.-It is of interest to note how a similar idea has been differently expressed by men of intellectual or of imaginative power. Take, for instance, Burns's wellknown lines: "A prince can mak a belted Knight, A Marquis, Duke, and a' that; But an honest man's aboon his might- "Is the struggle ended yet? "If thou hast confidence in grace divine, Then raise thine hand-he dies and makes no sign." JOHN EVANS. BELI MAWR BELI THE GREAT.-In Mr. Walford's County Families (1864, p. 737), a note to a certain family says:— "This family have continued in possession of their family estates, in unbroken descent from Ynyr, King of origin to Beli Mawr, or Beli the Great, who was King of Gwnt, A.D. 899. Several genealogists have traced their Britain about B.C. 100." Would some correspondent oblige by stating what is known of this Beli Mawr or Beli the Great? Was he ancestor to Cassibelaunus or Cassivelaunus, Cunobelinus, and others? Was his Now, turn to the Plain Dealer, Act I., where appellation British, and if so, what did it signify? Manly says: "A Lord! What, thou art one of those who esteem men only by the marks and value fortune has set upon Or was Beli the genitive of Belus, as in "Oculus Beli the eye of Baal"? If so, would it not establish at least a verbal, if not a personal, relationship between the Beli, -belaunus, -belinus, &c. ? And is it probable that the present surname Beale is but a variation of the above Beli? J. BEALE. CATTERN'S DAY.-A writer in the current number of the Quarterly Review (p. 168, note), says :"Until quite lately, the lace-makers (of Bedfordshire) kept Cattern's-day as the holiday of their craft, in memory of the good Queen Catherine." Catherine of Aragon is here meant. What authority is there for the latter part of this statement ? J. M. COWPER. "CAZEN EDITION."-What is the meaning of Cazen? Who was he? or what does the term signify? I have several Cazens. I am informed that upwards of 400 volumes were issued of the Cazen edition, and that a complete set is preserved in the Royal Library at the Hague, My Cazens are dated "A Londres. M.DCC.LXXX.," but I have seen some with the imprint of Geneva. Several of the Cazens are illustrated by copper-plate engravings very admirably executed, but the names of the artist and engraver are omitted. STEPHEN JACKSON. CHANDRA GUPTA MAURYA (Wilson's Vishnu Purána, p. 468.)—By what inscriptions, grants, coins, or other evidence, can Chandra Gupta Maurya, the founder of Chandra Gupta,* ninetyfive miles S. E. from Goa, and Chundergoorty Putnum on the Krishna, eighty miles S. E. from Haidar-âbâd, be referred back beyond the fifteenth century of the Christian era. Does the stream Patâla,† or Patâla Ganga, flow near either city? and what building marks the spot where Nanda Râja, called Maha Padma, the great millionaire, and Dhana Nando, or, the rich Nanda, was put to death by Chanaka Kautilya, elsewhere called Sacâtara and Vrishala? Starcross, near Exeter. R. R. W. ELLIS. CONMECHERCHY.-In an ancient charter granted by Robert le Bossu, the second of the Norman earls of Leicester, a word occurs which I have not met with in any other ancient document. The charter is copied in Latin and English, in an old collection of town records bound in one volume, and entitled Borough Charters; Laws of Portmanmote, &c. I here reproduce the old English copy: "R. Erle of Leic. to his vndersherif, and to all his Justices and Ministers of Leic. Ffrensh and Englissh, gretyng: knowe ye that I to all my burgesses of Leic, and to all theme that in their Companye woll hold themeselffs graunt to hold of me frelie and quietlie from all custumes, and from all things ptenyng to hundr. & heret, Buchanan's Southern India, vol. iii. p. 250. + Captain Wilford (p. 280), and Major Mackenzie (vol. v. p. 380), Bengal Asiatic Researches. Kautilya, query, from the Arabic Qâtil, a murderer? and that by their payments accustumed, and also by the increment of viii lì., so that neither by plee, neither for any custume thei goo owt of Leic., but oonlie to the Conmecherchie [portemanmote] as of old tyme was accustumed. I graunt also to theme to hold their m'chunts gilde as they ever best held in tyme of my father. Witnesse R. pmt. & Rico magro, & Baldeuino de Grauntmt & Barnard pmt. at Britelm." The word to which I call attention is "Conmecherchie." In the transcript the word "portemanmote" is inserted in the space above itevidently to show that the words are synonymous. In the Latin copy, the word is in the accusative "conmecherchiam." case, What the "Conmethe local court in which matters of debt and trescherchy" was, the interlined word proves: it was pass were determined, otherwise called the "portmanmote" townman-meeting. But what I ask any of your readers acquainted with ancient lawterms to oblige by saying, is, whether the word is elsewhere met with. It seems to be of NormanFrench origin-chercher, to seek: probably being at the root of the last syllables. JAMES THOMPSON. AN ENGLISH CHURCH AT ARNHEIM IN 1640.— honoured friend and cousin Sir Robert Crane of In a letter written by Mr. Robert Crane to his Chilton, in Suffolk, Knt. and Bart., which has been recently printed in Memorials of the Cranes of following remarkable passage. The original is in Chilton, by William S. Appleton, 4to, 1868, is the the Bodleian Library (MS. Tanner 65), and was written in 1640 from Utrecht: "In Gelderland, at the citie of Arhnam, I received greate favors from divers worthy gentlemen of our nation who have theire seated them selfs, especially from theseSr William Constable, Sr Mathew Boynton, Sr Richard Saltingston (i. e. Saltonstall) of Yorkshire, as also from Mr Laurence, who within few yeares lived neere Berrye [Bury St. Edmund's]. They have two Preachers, and this the discipline of theire Church. Upon every Sonday a Communion, a prayer before sermon and after, the like in the afternoone. The Communion Table stands in the wise, where the chiefest sit and take notes,-not a gentlelower end of the Church (wch hath no chancell) alterwoman that thinkes her hand to faire to use her pen and inke. The Sermon, Prayer, and Psalme being ended, the greatest companie present theire offeringes, wch amount to about two or 3 hundred pounds a yeare sterlinge. The Ministers content themselfs with a hundred pound a uses." man per annum; the remainder is reserved for pious The three Yorkshire knights were all strong Parliamentarians. Sir William Constable, created a baronet in 1611, was one of those who signed the king's death-warrant. Both he and Sir Matthew Boynton (created baronet 1618) would have gone to New England, "if some singular providences had not hinderd them" (as Cotton Mather states): Sir Richard Saltonstall went there, but returned in 1631. Have any other notices been preserved of their church at Arnheim ? J. G. N. ANCIENT AND MODERN SUPERSTITIONS.-When I first came to London, I was constantly annoyed by a certain class of persons spitting aside" when they passed me. I one day asked a servant girl, who by accident spat upon my foot, what she meant by it, and the reply was, "I should have bad luck if I didn't spit at a gentleman in spectacles." Perhaps her answer will apply to the case of S. W. and the Birmingham holidaykeepers. H. G. W. TRIALS FOR FELONY.-Do the Assize Rolls, or any other class of public record, furnish information as to the result of trials for felony? I am anxious to gain some information concerning a trial that took place, in which a priest was charged with robbing a church in the reign of Henry VIII.? CORNUB. MASK OF CROMWELL.-I have got a mask, said to be of Cromwell, taken after death. It was given to me by a person who told me he got it from one of the Ireton family. Can any one tell me how I could verify it as genuine? C. H. ENGLISH JACOBITE SONGS.-In the introduction to the Cavalier Songs and Ballads of England from 1642 to 1684, edited by Charles Mackay, LL.D. 1863, it is stated: "In this collection no Jacobite songs, properly so called, are included, it being the intention of the publishers to issue a companion volume of the Jacobite ballads of England, from the accession of James II. to the battle of Culloden, should the public receive the present volume with sufficient favour to justify the venture." Now, the writer of this thinks it would be a very graceful act if your correspondent who signs with the initials J. M. under the article "Chevalier's Favourite: Stirling of Keir" (3rd S. xii. 164), would communicate with Dr. Mackay, whose publishers are Richard Griffin & Company, pubfishers to the University of Glasgow, London and Glasgow, and allow them to make use of his volume, the Chevalier's Favourite, in forming their collection of English Jacobite songs. I should also be much obliged by your correspondent if he would give the whole of the verses of "Mournful Melpomene," written by Princess Elizabeth, daughter of his most sacred Majesty King Charles I. of England, in "N. & Q." As there were adherents of the House of Stuart in America, who sided with General Washington in the American War of Independence, are there any American Jacobite songs? There is an American song used during the American insurrection that lately took place: the writer of this would be obliged to any correspondent of "N. & Q." who would send it to appear in its pages. W. H. C. WILLIAM FENTON.-Why was William Fenton, Esq., of Glasstro, near Leeds, called in the last century "Fenton the Waggoner"? Particulars of his wife and family are requested. TEWARS. "'tis he (that wounded all) Cures all their wounds; he (that put out their eyes), That giues them light; he (that death first did call Into the world) that with his orizal Inspirits earth: he heau'n's al-seeing eye, He earth's great prophet, he, whom rest doth flie, That on salt billowes doth, as pillowes, sleeping lie.” The context seems to determine the meaning to be-rising; but I am desirous to know if it is a coinage of the poet. A. B. GROSART. 15, St. Alban's Place, Blackburn. JOSEPH FLETCHER. -I am desirous to know where I can see a copy of this old poet's Perfect, Blessed, Cursed Man, in either the 1628 or 1629 edition. His Christ's Bloodie Sweat (1613) I have, PERPETUAL YOUTH.-Bacon, in his Wisdom of the Ancients (xxvi. "Prometheus, or the State of Man") says, after telling us the gods presented mortals with perpetual youth, the following: present of the gods upon an ass, who, in returning back "But men, being foolishly enjoyed hereat, laid this with it, being extremely thirsty, strayed to a fountain. The serpent, who was guardian thereof, would not suffer him to drink, but on condition of receiving the burden he and thus the perpetual renewal of youth was, for a drop carried, whatever it should be. The silly ass complied; of water, transferred from men to the race of serpents." The classical authority for this I have been unable to find; and any one of your corresponddents who could supply me with the information will greatly oblige me. QUOTATIONS WANTED. CASTIGATOR AD UNGUEM. "And other harpers many a one, And the Briton Glaskerion." (Canterbury Tales.) Villemarque's L'enchanteur Merlin, p. 262. But where are these lines in Chaucer? Is Glaskerion to be taken as a British plural, or as a proper name? LELIUS. Chamberlayne, in his Angliæ Notitia for 1669, Elizabeth no youth could be placed as an apprenquotes the line:tice to a currier unless he was the son of a person who "dispended" at least 40s. yearly from landed property. This, it may be supposed, meant that tice his son to a currier. If this supposition be no man under the rank of a yeoman could apprenwill point out the mistake. Forty shillings yearly incorrect, perhaps some one of your correspondents would, in the reign of Elizabeth, mean a considerable income from landed property, I presume. Other examples of this kind would oblige JAYTEE. "Anglica gens est optima flens et pessima gaudens." Where shall I find the original? The author of this curious Red Book styles England the paradise of wives (this is very delightful in an age not singular for its morality), and the hell for horses. Two hundred years have certainly not rendered the condition of the ill-used quadrupeds in any degree Elysian! L. X. "But let the ruffian Boreas once enrage Q. H. F. "SONGS OF SHEPHERDS," ETC..-Who wrote the classical burlesque "Songs of Shepherds," &c., each stanza ending with "Hunting the hare"? Is it by Porson? His macaronic lay commencing "Ego nunquam audivi such terrible news' is also desired. MARIA H. 3, Amersham Park Terrace, New Cross, Kent, S.E. TOWNSMEN AND COUNTRYMEN.-The ascertainment of the relative social status of townsmen and countrymen in bygone periods in this country is an interesting historical process. It would seem that during the existence of the privileged guilds of early origin in the towns, the members of those bodies ranked in social estimation with an elevated class in the rural districts. For instance, the tradesman established in a borough, eligible to be on its council, and to be made an alderman, or elevated to the mayoralty, was equal in position to a yeoman of the adjoining villages. The restrictions imposed on setting up in trade, the fees paid on entrance into the guilds, and the limitation of numbers in the different trades, all helped to render the upper class of tradesmen an exclusive and influential class. Hence, also, the younger sons of gentlemen of landed estate unprovided with fortune their numbers preventing their receiving a share of the paternal estateswere placed apprentices to tradesmen, as thus they retained a kind of social position, and means of livelihood not otherwise to be obtained. The statute-book shows the operation of this system. I find that in an Act of the reign of [This line is considered to be a mere proverb: see "N. & Q.," 3rd S. vi. 59.-ED.] WATER: BEER: ALE.— "Honest water is too weak to be a sinner; it never left man in the mire."-Timon of Athens, Act I. Sc. 2. "Here's a pot of good double beer, neighbour; drink and fear not your man.”—Henry VI. Part II., Act II. Sc. 3. It appears, from the above quotations, that both water and double-beer had their respective virtues in Shakspere's time: the first quotation is worth a place at the head of every Temperance Society. As to the latter, it leads me to inquire as to the origin of double X beer, now so much drunk; and whether double-beer, in the time of Shakspere, was beer of double strength? The word beer is used by Shakspere only once; but ale is mentioned in the following: "A quart of ale is a dish for a king." Winter's Tule, Act IV. Sc. 2. It appears that ale was a superior beverage to beer; but in what respect did it differ in Shakspere's time? SIDNEY BEISLY. BISHOP STEPHEN WESTON. -I beg leave to inquire for information as to the parentage and origin of Stephen Weston, who was Bishop of Exeter from 1724 to 1742. The tradition among his descendants is that he was nearly related to the Lord Treasurer Sir Richard Weston, who was created Baron Weston in 1628 and Earl of Portland in 1633. He was born in 1666, and died in illuminated MS. pedigree of the Weston family in 1742. His representatives possess a splendidly all its branches, brought down to the year 1633, which was executed by the Herald Lilly for the Lord Treasurer, who died in 1634. Polwhele, in his History of Devonshire, says that the bishop was born in Berkshire, was a scholar of Eton, then a scholar and fellow of King's College, Cambridge, and afterwards a junior master and fellow of Eton; and that his friendship with Sir Robert Walpole at college procured him his bishopric from that minister. Perhaps some of your readers may have access to the books of Eton or of King's, and can favour me with information I seek. New University Club. H. B. TOMKINS. [* See "N. & Q.," 1st S. viii. 439, 572.] "YOUTH'S MAGAZINE.". Can any reader of "N. & Q." give me information regarding this magazine, its contributors, and editors? It was commenced early in the present century, and was for a considerable time under the management of John Campbell, a dissenting clergyman. Jane Taylor, I think, was a contributor under the signature Q. Q. The magazine is (or was lately) edited by the Rev. W. M. Whittemore, a clergyman of the Established Church. Who is the author of two articles in this magazine (1846), “A Glass of Water" and "A Wet Day," both by the same author without any signature? R. INGLIS. Queries with Answers. THE BATTLE OF Brenneville.—I may be aske ing a very simple question, but I have no map or book of reference at hand which will direct me to the precise locality of the battle of Brenneville, where, in 1119, our Henry I. obtained a victory over Louis-le-Gros. Thierry, with true Gallican economy, appears to ignore the battle altogether. (Hist. de la Conquête d'Angleterre). Anquetil calls it "La plaine de Brenneville près du château de Noyon à peu de distance des Andelys," and various authorities speak of the battle as fought in connection with Louis's expedition against Noyon, and mention his retirement after it to Andelys. Am I right in my supposition that this could not be the town of Noyon in Picardy, but some neighbouring castle, possibly at Nojon-le-sec, which I find in the maps between Grisons and the Andelys? Matthew Paris seems to have blundered in his statement, that the Earl of Flanders received a deadly wound here; whereas, in the next paragraph, he speaks of his having received it "apud Aucum in Normanniâ;" i. e. as the other chroniclers say at Eu, and Hume puts his death in 1113. C. W. BINGHAM. [Henry of Huntingdon omits mentioning in the text of his history where the battle was fought, but the verses which follow supply the name of the place, Noyon: "Where Noyon's tow'rs rise o'er the plain, His English and his Norman bands." Our chronicler calls it the battle of Noyon, on account of this place being Henry's head quarters. The central point of the battle appears to have been at the farm of Brémule, three leagues distant. Hence we read in the history of Ordericus Vitalis, that "the French having reached the neighbourhood of Noyon, set fire to a granary belonging to the monks of Boucheron, the smoke of which was visible to the English as it rose in the air. Near Mount Verclive there is an open ground and vast plain, called by the inhabitants of the country Brémule. King Henry descended to it with five hundred cavalry, the warlike hero having put on his armour and skilfully disposed his mailed troops. Of the Normans, there were Baldric de Brai, William Crispin, and some others in the ranks of the French army. All these assembled at Brémule, swelling with pride, and ready to encounter the Normans." Duchesne's text calls the place Brenneville; but the original manuscript gives the right name Brenmula. In the Dictionnaire by Dezobry and Bachelet | (Paris, 1857), it is stated: “"Brenneville, lieu de l'anc. Vexin (Eure), près des Andelys. Louis VI. le Gros y fut vaincu en 1119 par Henri Ier d'Angleterre."] THE SONG OF ALLY CROAKER.-Can you furnish me with a correct version of this once popular Irish song? I have applied to several friends, but their memories could only supply a few verses; nor have I been able to ascertain the date and occasion of its being composed. CHARLES J. ROBINSON. Norton Canon, Hereford. ["Ally Croaker" is a song by Foote, in his comedy, The Englishman in Paris, 1753, and was sung by Miss Macklin to the guitar. It was printed, with the tune, in Apollo's Cabinet; or, The Lady's Delight, ii. 218 (Liverpool, 1757). The song thus commences: — "There lived a man in Ballymecrazy, Who wanted a wife to make him unaisy, Arrah, will you marry me, dear Ally Croaker? Arrah, will you marry me, dear Ally Croaker?" The tune is printed in Chappell's Popular Music of the Olden Time, ii. 714.] LISTS OF M.P.s-Will you kindly tell me whether lists of our parliamentary representatives from the earliest times have been published; and if so, in what work? I want to find out the former burgesses of some places not commemorated in a county history. W. H. S. [The Parliamentary History of England, 1806-20, as well as the three series of The Parliamentary Debates (Hansard's), give lists of the members of the House of Commons from a very early period down to the last parliament of the current reign. The lists are prefixed to each new parliament. Another list from 33 Henry VIII. 1542 to 12 Charles II., 1660, arranged in parliaments, is printed in Willis's Notitia Parliamentaria, vol. iii. pt. II. Beatson's Chronological Register, 3 vols. 8vo, gives the members of both houses from 1708 to 1807.] BISHOP GROSTESTE.-At the monastery of Saint Bennet at Holme, Leland saw a commentary on the books of Dionysius de Hierarchiâ by Robertus Lincolniensis (Grosteste). Does this commentary now exist in print or manuscript? (Hunter's English Monastic Libraries, p. 22.) A. O. V. P. [Bishop Grosteste's manuscript of his Commentary on Dionysius is in the library of Lincoln College, Oxford, |