Indian children in mission and public schools-Continued. THE CHURCH AND NEGRO EDUCATION. There are four general agencies that are sustaining, and to more or less extent supervising, negro higher education and secondary schools, viz, the Federal Government, the State governments, the several educational funds which are giving financial assistance, and the boards and societies of religious denominations. According to the Negro Year Book for 1914-15, there are in the United States about 427 negro schools other than elementary public schools and public high schools, or those in any sense under Government and State control. Of these, 57 are put down as colleges and universities-all but 3 of which are avowedly denominational. Of the 16 institutions for negro women only, all but 3 are credited to some denomination. There are 354 normal, industrial, and private 1 Negro Year Book for 1914-15, by Monroe N. Work. schools, all but 80 of which are denominational. Many of the negro schools catalogued as nonsectarian are largely aided by the various religious bodies. Of the estimated $2,000,000 spent during 1912-13 on negro education, statistics show that the Methodist Episcopal Church gave $412,303; the Congregational Church, through the American Missionary Association, gave $298,371; the Presbyterian churches, $248,106; the Baptist churches, $84,022; and the Protestant Episcopal Church, $68,501. The remaining estimated $888,697 is divided mainly among the following denominations: The Roman Catholics, the Colored Baptist Association, the African Methodist Episcopal Church, the Disciples of Christ, the Colored Methodist Episcopal Church, the Methodist Episcopal Church South, the Lutheran Church, the Society of Friends, and the Seventh-day Adventists. As typical church organizations doing extensive work among negroes, the following are given: The American Missionary Association (Congregational) has 65 schools (31 of them given as elementary), 12,097 students, $1,310,542 invested in school plants, and a permanent endowment fund of $2,016,861.1 The Freedmen's Aid Society (Methodist Episcopal) has 22 schools (none given as elementary), 6,588 students, $1,457,476 invested in school plants, and an endowment of $291,646. The American Baptist Home Mission Board has 24 schools (none put down as elementary), 7,351 students, $1,261,000 invested in school plants, with $436,340 in permanent endowment. The Board of Missions for Freedmen (Presbyterian) has 136 schools (112 given as elementary), 16,427 students, $939,200 invested in school plants, and $205,202 in permanent endowment.2 The secretaries of the various church boards at their semiannual meeting in Washington, D. C.,3 laid definite plans for the future in the following particulars: As far as possible there would be in future no duplications between private and public schools; sham education would not be condoned, and the various negro schools would be standardized; the denominations would act in concert in preventing schools under different denominational control from occupying the same territory. It was agreed among the representatives of the several churches of the conference that where two schools were unnecessary in the same section, the weaker would withdraw in favor of the stronger, or take some department of the school and thus work in harmony with the body controlling the school. 1 This includes the Daniel Hand Fund, which the association administers. 2 Work's Negro Year Book for 1914-15, pp. 215–16. * Feb. 2, 1915. CHAPTER XXVII. EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS.1 By HENRY R. EVANS, Editorial Division, Bureau of Education. CONTENTS.-National Education Association (Department of Superintendence; National Council of Education)-National Society for the Study of Education-Association of Collegiate AlumnæAssociation of History Teachers of the Middle States and Maryland-Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools of the Southern States-Catholic Educational Association--American Institute of Instruction-American Association for the Advancement of Science, Section L-National League of Compulsory Education-Conference on the Education of Backward, Truant, Delinquent, and Dependent children-National Association of School Accounting Officers-General Education Board-Report of Secretary of the National Education Association. NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION.2 The fifty-second annual convention of the National Education Association was held at St. Paul, Minn., July 4-11, 1914. The presidential address of the year was delivered by Joseph Swain, president of Swarthmore College, Pennsylvania, his subject being "The relation of the teacher to American citizenship." The address was a plea for making the teacher more influential and more efficient by elevating his calling to the dignity of a profession. He advocated a living wage for teachers, a system of retirement allowances, a sabbatical year's leave of absence for travel for teachers in the lower schools, and more positions as superintendents, principals, and boards of control for women engaged in teaching. President Swain's address was followed by a paper entitled "The responsibility of American educators in the solution of America's oriental problem," by Sidney L. Gulick, professor in Doshisha University and lecturer in Imperial University at Kyoto, Japan. Mrs. Lois K. Mathews, of the University of Wisconsin, spoke on "Training women for social responsibility" by directly teaching in the colleges the necessity of social service and by developing a sense of social responsibility. An active discussion took place on the subject of teachers' salaries and pensions, which was participated in by President Charles W. Dabney, University of Cincinnati; Grace C. Strachan, of Brooklyn, N. Y.; and Walter I. Hamilton, of Boston, Mass. The committee on teachers' salaries and the cost of living, through its chairman, Joseph Swain, announced that its report 1 Accounts of other educational meetings are given in special chapters. 2 For business report see p. 631. |