Documents accompanying the President's Message. [22d CONG. 1st SESS. posed? The whole subject has materially changed, even greater advances than any of their kindred race, I must within a few years; and the imposing considerations it now judge from such information as I have been able to propresents, and which are every day gaining new force, call cure. Owing to the prevalence of slavery and other peupon the Government and the country to determine what culiar causes among them, a number of the half-breeds is required on our part, and what course shall be recom- and their connexions, and, perhaps, a few others, have acmended to the Indians. If they remain, they must de- quired property, and with it some education and informacline, and eventually disappear. Such is the result of all tion. But I believe the great mass of the tribe is living experience. If they remove, they may be comfortably esta- in ignorance and poverty, subject to the influence of the blished, and their moral and physical condition meliorated. principal men, and submitting to a state of things, with It is certainly better for them to meet the difficulties of re- which they are dissatisfied, and which offers them no ramoval, with the probability of an adequate and final re- tional prospect of stability and improvement. ward, than, yielding to their constitutional apathy, to sit still and perish. The failure which has attended the efforts heretofore made, and which will probably attend all conducted upon The great moral debt we owe to this unhappy race is similar principles, may be attributed partly to the inherent universally felt and acknowledged. Diversities of opinion difficulty of the undertaking, resulting from characterisexist respecting the proper mode of discharging this ob- tics peculiar to the Indians, and partly from the mode in ligation, but its validity is not denied, And there cer-which the operations have been conducted. tainly are difficulties which may well call for discussion and consideration. Without entering into a question which opens a wide field for inquiry, it is sufficient to observe that our primiFor more than two centuries we have been placed in tive people, as well in their habits and opinions as in their contact with the Indians. And if this long period has customs and pursuits, offer obstacles alinost insurmountbeen fruitless in useful results, it has not been so in expe- able to any considerable and immediate change. Indolent riments having in view their improvement. Able men in his habits, the Indian is opposed to labor; improvident have been investigating their condition, and good men in his mode of life, he has little foresight in providing, attempting to improve it. But all these labors have been or care in preserving. Taught from infancy to reverence as unsuccessful in the issue, as many of them were labo- his own traditions and institutions, he is satisfied of their rious and expensive in their progress. value, and dreads the anger of the Great Spirit if he should The work has been aided by Governments and commu- depart from the customs of his fathers. Devoted to the nities, by public opinion, by the obligations of the law, use of ardent spirits, he abandons himself to its indulgence and by the sanction of religion. But its history furnishes without restraint. War and hunting are his only occupaabundant evidence of entire failure, and every thing around tions. He can endure, without complaining, the extre us upon the frontiers confirms its truth. The Indians have mity of human suffering; and, if he cannot overcome the either receded as our settlements advanced, and united evils of his situation, he submits to them without repining. their fragments with some kindred tribe, or they have at- He attributes all the misfortunes of his race to the white tempted to establish themselves upon reservations, in the man, and looks with suspicion upon the offers of assistvain hope of resisting the pressure upon then, and of pre-ance that are made to him. These traits of character, serving their peculiar institutions. Those who are near- though not universal, are yet general; and the practical est to us, have generally suffered most severely by the difficulty they present, in changing the condition of such debasing effects of ardent spirits, and by the loss of a people, is to satisfy them of our sincerity and the value their own principles of restraint, few as these are, without of the aid we offer; to hold out to them motives for exerthe acquisition of ours; and almost all of them have dis- tion; to call into action some powerful feeling, which shall appeared, crushed by the onward course of events, or counteract the tendency of previous impressions. It is driven before them. Not one instance can be produced, under such circumstances, and with these difficulties in in the whole history of the intercourse between the In-view, that the Government has been called upon to deterdians and the white men, where the former have been mine what arrangements shall be made for the permanent able, in districts surrounded by the latter, to withstand establishment of the Indians. Shall they be advised to successfully the progress of those causes which have ele- remain, or remove? If the former, their fate is written vated one of these races, and depressed the other. Such in the annals of their race; if the latter, we may yet hope a monument of former successful exertion does not exist. to see them renovated in character and condition by our These remarks apply to the efforts which have been example and instruction, and by their exertions. heretofore made, and whose history and failure are known But, to accomplish this, they must be first placed beBut the subject has been lately revived with ad-yond the reach of our settlements, with such checks upon ditional interest, and is now prosecuted with great zeal their disposition to hostilities as may be found necessary, and exertion; whether with equal effect, time must show. and with such aid, moral, intellectual, and pecuniary, as That most of those engaged in this labor are actuated by may teach them the value of our improvements, and the pure and disinterested motives, I do not question. And reality of our friendship. With these salutary precauif, in their estimate of success, they place too high a va- tions, much should then be left to themselves, to follow lue upon appearances, the error is natural to persons zea- such occupations in the forest or the field as they may lously engaged in a task calculated to enlist their sympa- choose, without too much interference. Time and prosthies and awaken their feelings, and has been common to perity must be the great agents in their melioration. all who have preceded them in this labor of philanthropy, Nor have we any reason to doubt but that such a condiand who, from time to time, have indulged in anticipations tion would be attended with its full share of happiness; of the most signal success, only to be succeeded by dis-nor that their exertions would be stimulated by the sccuappointment and despondency. rity of their position, and by the new prospects before to us. That these exertions have recently been productive of them. By encouraging the severalty of soil, suflicient some advantage, may well be admitted. A few have pro-tracts might be assigned to all disposed to cultivate them; bably been reclaimed from abandoned habits, and some, and, by timely assistance, the younger class might be perhaps, have really appreciated the inestimable value of brought to seek in their farms a less precarious subsistthe doctrines which have been taught them. I can speak ence than is furnished by the chase. Their physical from personal observation only of the Northern and North-comforts being increased, and the desire of acquisition western tribes. Among them, I am apprehensive, the brought into action, a moral stimulus would be felt by the benefits will be found but few and temporary. Of the youthful portion of the community. New wants would condition of the Cherokees, who are sad to have made appear, and new means of gratifying them; and the great 22d CONG. 1st SESS.] Documents accompanying the President's Message. work of improvement would thus commence, and, com- 4. Encouragement to the severalty of property, and mencing, would go on. such provision for its security, as their own regulations do To its aid the truths of religion, together with a know-not afford, and as may be necessary to its enjoyment. ledge of the simpler mechanic arts and the rudiments of 5. Assistance to all who may require it in the opening science, should then be brought; but if our dependence of farms, and in procuring domestic animals and instrube first placed upon these, we must fail, as all others have ments of agriculture. failed, who have gone before us in this field of labor. 6. Leaving them in the enjoyment of their peculiar inAnd we have already fallen into this error of adapting stitutions, as far as may be compatible with their own our efforts to a state of society which is probably yet re-safety and ours, and with the great objects of their pros mote among the Indians, in withdrawing so many of the perity and improvement. young men from their friends, and educating them at our 7. The eventual employment of persons competent to schools. They are there taught various branches of learn- instruct them, as far and as fast as their progress may reing, and, at some of these institutions, a partial knowledge quire, and in such manner as may be most useful to them. of the mechanic arts, and of the principles of agriculture. Arrangements have been made upon fair and equitable But, after this course of instruction is completed, what terms with the Shawnees and Senecas of Lewistown, with are these young men to do? If they remain among the the Shawnees of Wapaghkonetta, and with the Ottowas whites, they find themselves the members of a peculiar of Blanchard's Fork, and the Maumee, all within the caste, and look around them in vain for employment and State of Ohio, for the cession of their reservations in that encouragement; if they return to their countrymen, their State, and for their emigration to the region assigned for acquirements are useless: these are neither understood the permanent residence of the Indians. A similar arnor valued; and, with the exception of a few articles of rangement was made with the Senecas in the early part iron, which they procure from the traders, the common of the year, and they are already upon their journey to work of our mechanics is useless to them. I repeat, what their new country. A deputation from the Wyandots has is a young man, who has been thus educated, to do? He has no means of support, no instruments of agriculture, no domestic animals, no improved farm. Taken in early life from his own people, he is no hunter; he cannot find in the chase the means of support or exchange; and that, under It has been suggested that a considerable portion of the such circumstances, he should abandon himself to a life Cherokees in Georgia are desirous of availing themselves of intemperance, can scarcely excite our surprise, however of the provisions of the treaty of May 6th, 1828, for their it must our regret. I have been earnestly asked by these removal. With a view to ascertain this fact, and to afford young men how they were to live; and I have felt that a them the aid offered by that treaty, if they are inclined to satisfactory answer was beyond my reach. To the Go-accept it, a system of operations has been adopted, and vernment only can they look for relief; and if this should persons appointed to carry it into effect. Sufficient time be furnished, though in a moderate degree, they might to form a judgment of the result of this measure has not still become useful and respectable; their example would yet elapsed. be encouraging to others, and they would form the best instructors for their brethren. The general details of a plan for the permanent establishment of the Indians west of the Mississippi, and for their proper security, would require much deliberation; but there are some fundamental principles, obviously arising out of the nature of the subject, which, when once adopted, would constitute the best foundation for our exertions, and the hopes of the Indians. gone to examine the district offered to them; and the general outlines of an arrangement for a cession have been agreed upon, to be formally executed, if the report of the exploring party should prove satisfactory. But, in all the efforts which may be made, the subject will be fully and fairly explained to the Indians, and they will be left to judge for themselves. The agents are prohibited from the exertion of any improper influence, but are directed to communicate to the Indians the views of the President, and his decided convictions that their speedy removal can only preserve them from the serious evils which environ them. It is to be hoped that they will accept this salutary advice, and proceed to join their countrymen in the district appropriated for their permanent residence. 1. A solemn declaration, similar to that already inserted in some of the treaties, that the country assigned to the Indians shall be theirs as long as they or their descendants If the seeds of improvement are sown among them, as may occupy it, and a corresponding determination that many good men assert and believe, they will ripen into our settlements shall not spread over it; and every effort an abundant harvest-profitable to themselves in the enshould be used to satisfy the Indians of our sincerity and joyment, and to all the members of this dispersed family of their security. Without this indispensable preliminary, in the example. and without full confidence on their part in our intentions, and in our abilities to give these effect, their change of position would bring no change of circumstances. 2. A determination to exclude all ardent spirits from their new country. This will no doubt be difficult; but a system of surveillance upon the borders, and of proper police and penalties, will do much towards the extermination of an evil, which, where it exists to any considerable extent, is equally destructive of their present comfort and their future happiness. The details of an outrage committed by a party of Fox Indians upon a number of Menomonics at Prairie du Chien, while encamped under the protection of our flag, will be found in the report of the officer having charge of the bureau of Indian Affairs. The alleged motive for this wanton aggression was some previous injury of a similar nature, stated to have been committed by the Menomon es upon the Fox Indians--a justification, which can never be wanting where neither time nor treaties, as in this case, are permitted to cancel the offence. 3. The employment of an adequate force in their im- This aggression, together with the difficulties at Rock mediate vicinity, and a fixed deterinination to suppress, at island with the Sac Indians, of which the same report furall hazards, the slightest attempt at hostilities among them-nishes the particulars, shows the necessity of employing selves. upon the frontiers a corps of mounted men, to be sta So long as a passion for war, fostered and encouraged tioned at the most exposed points, and to be always pre as it is by their opinions and habits, is allowed free scope pared to follow every party that may attempt to interrupt for exercise, it will prove the master spirit, controlling, the peace of the border by attacking either our citizens if not absorbing, all other considerations. And if, in or other Indians. These predatory bands strike a stroke, checking this evil, some examples should become neces-and disappear. And there is in the institutions of the sary, they would be sacrifices to humanity, and not to sc- Indians such a strong tendency to war, that we shall long verity. be liable to these outrages. Military prowess and success Documents accompanying the President's Message. at Newport News, form their principal road to distinction. And the inter-Fort, Craney island flats, Very respectfully, sir, I have the honor to be, your obedient servant, To the PRESIDENT of the United States. FORTIFICATIONS. Point Patience, [22d CONG. 1st 8Ess. 258,465 14 244,337 44 673,205 00 173,000 00 164,000 00 the Narrows of Penobscot river, Me. 101,000 00 $1,854,575 58 $11,726,948 90 Statement exhibiting the works projected by the Board of Engineers, which have not been commenced, and the estimate of their cost. REMARKS.-The classification in this statement, distinFirst Class-To be commenced as soon as possible. guishing three periods, exhibits the works enumerated in Designation of the works. Estimate of cost. the order of their efficiency to meet the earliest possible $77,810 79 emergency. Fort St. Philip, Louisiana, Soller's Point flats, Patapsco river, Redoubt in advance of ditto, Fort at Wilkins's point, New York, Throg's point, do. Dumpling's point, Rhode Island, do. Dykes across west passage, Narragansett roads, SIR: In obedience to your instructions of the 20th of August last, I have the honor to submit to you: 1st. A statement marked A, exhibiting the amount 458,800 00 drawn from the Treasury Department, and remitted to 539,000 00 the disbursing officers under this office, from the 1st of 79,000 00 October, 1830, to the 30th of September, 1831, inclusive; 32,000 00 and also of the amount of accounts rendered. do. 29,000 90 140,000 00 2,429 00 220,053 43 $4,531,873 10 2d. A statement marked B, exhibiting the number of the individuals employed under the class of civil engineers and agents, under this bureau, and of the amount paid to each for the same period. A statement marked C, exhibiting the amount drawn from the treasury for the expenses of surveys and examinations, in relation to the summit level of the contemplated canal across the isthmus of Florida. 3d. The application of the funds appropriated for surveys, and the employment of the topographical engineers, for the year 1831, have been as follows: Estimate of cost. 2d. In making a survey of part of the Hudson river, 3d. In completing the drawings and reports of the sur- 103,000 00 96,000 00 6th. In making examinations and surveys, in order to 7th. In completing the drawings and reports of surveys $5,340,500 22 of parts of the rivers Raritan and Delaware. Third Class--To be commenced at a remote period. The rafts to obstruct the channel between- Estimate of cost. son river. 8th. In making an examination of a route for a railroad from the Portage summit of the Ohio canal to the Hud9th. In making examinations and surveys in relation to 240,568 00 the contemplated canal to connect the waters of the At 22d CONG. 1st SESS.] Documents accompanying the President's Message. lantic with those of the Gulf of Mexico across the isthmus with it, and others from that institution in the several of Florida. 10th. In completing the drawings of a reconnoissance of the sounds of North Carolina. 11th. In completing the drawings of a survey, in order to ascertain the military defences of the St. Mary's river, Maryland. 12th. In completing the drawings of a survey of the Ohio, Beaver, and Chenango route of the Ohio and Erie canal, from Pittsburg to Elk creek, on Lake Erie, and to the harbor of Erie. 13th. In completing the drawings of a survey of the Alleghany river from Pittsburg to French creek, of French creck to Le Bœuf, and of a route of a canal from thence to the harbor of Erie. 14th. In completing the drawings of a survey of the Pennsylvania and Ohio canal from Big Beaver river to Akron, in Ohio. corps of the army, with officers capable at once of enter- It is but just to state that the ability to use fine instruments, and to observe correctly with them, is a work of time and of careful attention. But if we are not adequate 15th. In completing the drawings of a survey of a canal ly organized, we cannot have officers to appropriate to route from the Connecticut river to Lake Winnipiseogee, that duty; and, of course, cannot say when the result of New Hampshire, by way of the valleys of the Oliverian that time and careful attention will be possessed. If we and Baker's rivers. have not, therefore, the necessary means, we must conti16th. In completing the drawings of a survey of a ca-nue defective in a correct knowledge of our own coast, nal route to unite the waters of Lake Champlain with those and also defective in the practical skill of a branch of our of the Connecticut, by way of the valleys of Onion and profession, the importance of which cannot be too highly Wells's rivers, in the State of Vermont. estimated. In fact, every thing depends upon it. It fur 17th. In completing the drawings of a survey to con-nishes all the data for the calculations; and, if defective, nect the Savannah and Tennessee rivers by means of a all the calculations are but authentications of error. canal or railroad. The requisite instruments have already been procured 18th. In superintending the construction of the Balti-by the Government at a great cost, and under the personmore and Susquehannah railroad, the Patterson and Hud- al supervision of a gentleman highly gifted in those matson river railroad, and Catskill and Canajoharie railroad. ters, and are now in deposite under the care of this office. 19th. In paying the civil engineers and agents employed It needs only means and time to apply them to their intendon several of the foregoing items of duties, the employ of ed uses, and to reap from them the valuable results which whom was made necessary from the small number of to- they are so well adapted to yield. pographical officers. It appears to me entirely unnecessary to urge upon your The subject of an increase and better organization of notice the various commercial advantages which will result the corps of topographical engineers, and of the incon- from an accurate knowledge of our maritime frontier, or veniences resulting from their present condition, has been the value of this knowledge to its military defences. These so frequently alluded to in Executive communications, considerations are self-evident, and need no argument to that I shall now only bring to your consideration such maintain them. But it may be urged that there is someviews as have not been previously presented. The able thing due to our national character, which requires that report on this subject from your predecessor, Mr. Eaton, we should be no longer entirely indebted to the imperfect fully exposes the military considerations of the case, and efforts of other nations for information of our own coast; also the number and organization required by the present and that we should, by our own labors, add something to wants of the country. To this I have only to add, that the general mass of scientific knowledge, by, at least, corthe views therein unfolded are strengthened by every rect determinations of the geography of our own country. day's experience, and that the inconveniences resulting The present effort may also be the origin of a school, from a want of the organization proposed are continually increasing. The reasons which may be alleged in favor of the proposed increase, in addition to those in the report alluded to, are such as apply to the survey of the coast. The law of the 14th of April, 1818, commits that duty to the army and the navy; and that part of the army to which this duty properly belongs, is the topographical engineers. But owing to the few officers of this corps, and the pressing demand for their labors on other sub. jects, we have as yet done nothing under that law, except in such detail surveys of our harbors and bays as were made with a view to their military defences, but are highly valuable matter for purposes of filling up the cartoons of the general survey contemplated. The scientific education derived at our military academy furnishes the necessary elementary knowledge for this duty; and the military education acquired there, and in the army, establishes those habits of order, attention to duty, and subordination, necessary in every vocation of life, and without which no extensive operation can be judiciously or economically conducted. The Government, therefore, has at its command valuable materials for filling up the proposed corps, in the officers of the present corps, and those graduates of the academy who have been on duty which may hereafter furnish individuals, adequate, as well by their capacity to observe, as to calculate the results of observations, to enter into fair and honorable competition with the distinguished astronomers of Europe, some of whom made their first essays while officers of a similar corps. The duties of a corps of topographical engineers are essentially military and scientific; hence the advantages of having military habits and education added to the scien tific knowledge of its members. Its duties also benefit all the great interests of society, and eminently qualify its members for operations which might be considered as the peculiar province of the civil engineer. For instance, the survey of a country for military purposes furnishes also a good geographical map; the survey and construction of a road for military pur poses, or for the transportation of the mail, is an equally good road for the merchant, the farmer, or the traveller; a canal for military purposes will serve equally well the wants of agriculture and commerce; and a survey of a bay, or river, or harbor, in order to ascertain the military de fences of either, furnishes also that precise knowledge of its shoals, bars, channels, tides, and currents, so valuable to the navigator. While a topographical officer, there fore, is collecting, in his military operations, the knowledge necessary for the military defences of the country, he also Documents accompanying the President's Message. [22d CONG. 1st Sess. collects matter improving its geography, and bearing es- order of the department in relation to the schools estasentially upon its commercial and agricultural prosperity. blished in the Indian country, and which receive aid from From the character of the duties of such a corps, it may the annual appropriation of $10,000 for the civilization of be seen with what facility and advantage it may have its the Indians. The number of children taught at the schools, attention, when necessary, turned to objects purely civil, embraced in the statement, is 1,215. In addition to these, and that, even while pursuing these purely civil objects, there are 113 Indian youths at the Choctaw academy, in from its military knowledge, its labors will be enriched Kentucky, the expenses of whose education are paid from by all the military considerations which the operations funds set apart by the Indians themselves, and by treaty may develop; so that the labors of the corps, if judiciously stipulations for this purpose. This institution, which was directed, cannot fail to furnish the Government with the established solely for the education of Indian children, is most correct knowledge of the resources of the country, under good regulations, and in a flourishing condition; civil and military, of its agricultural, commercial, mecha- and, it is believed, furnishes the best means of applying nical, and mineralogical advantages, and of its military the education funds of the Indians to the useful and valuameans of defence, as all these are subjects of the investi- ble end contemplated by their creation. Many Indian gations of a topographical engineer. Respectfully submitted. JOHN J. ABERT, - REPORT FROM THE INDIAN BUREAU. DEPARTMENT OF WAR, youths, who have therein received the benefits of tuition, have already returned to their respective tribes, carrying with them the rudiments of learning, the elements of moLieut. Col. and T. E.rals, and the precepts of religion, all apparently calculated to subdue the habits and soften the feelings of their kindred, and to prepare the way for the gradual introduction of civilization and christianity. That such will be the result of the intellectual and moral cultivation of a portion of the young of the respective tribes, on the life and character of the Indians in their confederacies, cannot be predicted with certainty. It is, however, an experiment creditable to our national council, and meriting its further patronage. It is an experiment consecrated by our best feelings, delightful to the view of the patriot, and dear to the heart of philanthropy; but time alone can disclose its efficacy. Office of Indian Affairs, Nov. 19, 1831. SIR: In compliance with an order of the department of the 20th August last, I had the honor of laying before you, a few days since, an estimate of the current expenses of the Indian Department for the year 1832, amounting to 169,640 dollars, a duplicate of which is herewith furnished, marked A. This estimate exceeds the amount of that submitted at the last session of Congress, about the sum of 8,500 dol- The humane policy, exemplified in the system adopted lars. The increase arises, in part, from an addition to the by the Government with respect to the Indian tribes reitem "for the pay of the superintendent and agents of In-siding within the limits of the United States, which is now dian affairs," the sum of 1,500 dollars for the salary of the in operation, is progressively developing its good effects; agent appointed under the provisions of the Choctaw and, it is confidently trusted, will at no distant day be treaty for the Choctaws west; and, in part, by the addi- crowned with complete success. Gradually diminishing tion of 7,000 dollars as an item "for building houses for in numbers and deteriorating in condition; incapable of Indian agents," not embraced in the former estimate for coping with the superior intelligence of the white man, the current expenses of the Indian Department. An ap- ready to fall into the vices, but unapt to appropriate the propriation of the last mentioned sum, on an estimate sub- benefits of the social state, the increasing tide of white sequently submitted, was, however, made at the last ses-population threatened soon to engulf them, and finally to sion of Congress for this object; and it is believed that cause their total extinction. The progress is slow but the appropriation of an equal amount, at least, will be re-sure; the cause is inherent in the nature of things; tribes quired for the service of the next year, to provide suitable numerous and powerful have disappeared from among us accommodations for the agents and their assistants for the Choctaws, Shawnees, and other tribes, who have made arrangements to remove, and whose departure, where it has not already taken place, may be looked for in the course of the ensuing year. in a ratio of decrease ominous to the existence of those that still remain, unless counteracted by the substitution of some principle sufficiently potent to check the tendencies to decay and dissolution. This salutary principle exists in the system of removals, of changes of residence, of In further obedience to the said order of the 20th Au- settlement in territories exclusively their own, and under gust last, the statements marked B and C are herewith the protection of the United States; connected with the submitted, together with such remarks in relation to the benign influences of education and instruction in agricul operations of the Indian Department for the last year, em-ture and the several mechanic arts, whereby social is disbraced by them, as seem to be required for their more tinguished from savage life. complete elucidation. In pursuance of this policy, the necessary measures have Statement B exhibits the amount drawn from the trea-been taken for the execution of the Choctaw treaty, ratisury, and remitted for disbursement, under each head of fied at the last session of Congress, and the Indians of that appropriation in the Indian Department during the three tribe are now in motion. It is presumed that about five first quarters of the year 1831; the amount for which ac- thousand will emigrate west of the Mississippi before the counts have been rendered under each head for the same winter sets in; and there are the best grounds for believ❤ period; and the several balances remaining to be account-ing that a much greater number will go over in the course ed for, according to the books of this office. It will be of the ensuing year. Sanguine expectations may thus be seen by this statement, that the whole amount remitted indulged, that the whole nation will be moved within the for disbursement is $683,344 31; that the whole amount time (three years) prescribed by the treaty. for which accounts have been rendered is $420,598 72; The Chickasaw Indians who are disposed to follow their and that the amount remaining to be accounted for is friends and neighbors the Choctaws, and to reside near $267,745 59. This balance is in the hands of distant agents them, have not yet been provided with suitable lands. For for the payment of annuities and other specified objects, the purpose of procuring such for their accommodation, and it is presumable that they have not yet completed it became necessary to effect an arrangement with the their disbursements; but if they have, the remoteness of Choctaws for a portion of their country in the West. Ma their residence has prevented, as yet, the reception of jor John H. Eaton and General John Coffee have accordtheir accounts. ingly been constituted commissioners to treat with the Statement C exhibits the information required by the Choctaws for this object. In the event of a successful VOL. VIII.-c |