possession of the log huts, just completed by our soldiers, where we shall have more comfortable accommodations."-Thacher's Military Journal.

TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 15.

At Morristown: "I am much indebted to your Excellency for announcing my election as a member of the [American] Philosophical Society. I feel myself particularly honored by this relation to a society, whose successful efforts for promoting useful knowledge have already justly acquired for them the highest reputation in the literary world."— Washington to Joseph Reed.

TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 29.

At Morristown: "We have opened an assembly at Camp. From this apparent ease, I suppose it is thought we must be in happy circumstances. I wish it was so, but, alas, it is not, Our provisions are in a manner, gone. We have not a ton of hay at command, nor magazine to draw from. extremely scarce, and worth little when we get it. We have been so poor in camp for a fortnight, that we could not forward the public despatches, for want of cash to support the expresses."-General Greene to Joseph Reed.

Money is

An engraved fac-simile of the original subscription paper for these assemblies will be found in Smith and Watson's "Historical and Literary Curiosities," published at Philadelphia in 1847. It is as follows: "The Subscribers agree to pay the sums annexed to their respective Names, and an equal quota of any further Expence which may be incurred in the promotion and support of a dancing assembly to be held in Morristown this present Winter 1780. Subscription Monies to be paid into the hands of a Treasurer, hereafter to be appointed." The subscribers, thirty-five in number, include Washington, whose name heads the list, and opposite to each name is set the amount of subscription, four hundred dollars, about eleven dollars in specie.

SATURDAY, MARCH 18.

At Morristown: "The oldest people now living in this country do not remember so hard a winter as the one we are now emerging from. In a word, the severity of the

frost exceeded anything of the kind that had ever been experienced in this climate before."- Washington to the Marquis de Lafayette, at Paris.

"March, 1780.-The present winter is the most severe and distressing, which we have ever experienced. An immense body of snow remains on the ground. Our soldiers are in a wretched condition for the want of clothes, blankets and shoes; and these calamitous circumstances are accompanied by a want of provisions. It has several times happened that the troops were reduced to one-half, or to one-quarter allowance, and some days have passed without any meat or bread being delivered. The causes assigned for these extraordinary deficiencies, are the very low state of the public finances, in consequence of the rapid depreciation of the continental currency, and some irregularity in the commissary's department. Our soldiers, in general, support their sufferings with commendable firmness, but it is feared that their patience will be exhausted, and very serious consequences ensue."-Thacher's Military Journal.

SUNDAY, APRIL 2.

At Morristown: "I have received intelligence, which seems to place it beyond doubt, that the Enemy are about to make a further embarkation of Troops from New York, and the common opinion is, that they are going to reinforce Sir Henry Clinton."- Washington to the President of Congress.

The first embarkation of troops for the invasion of South Carolina, amounting to between five and six thousand men, left Sandy Hook, December 26, 1779, under convoy of five ships of the line and several frigates, commanded by Admiral Arbuthnot. General Clinton and Lord Cornwallis went with them. The second detachment, referred to above, consisting of twenty-five hundred men, sailed from New York, April 7.

WEDNESDAY, APRIL 19.

At Morristown: " April 19.—The Chevalier de la Luzerne, Minister of France, with another French gentleman, and Don Juan de Miralles, a gentleman of distinction from Spain, arrived at headquarters from Philadelphia, in company with his Excellency General Washington. . . . General Washington accompanied his illustrious visitors to take a distant view of the enemy's position and works on York and Staten island, and of the different posts of our army,

while preparations were making for a grand field review of our troops."-Thacher's Military Journal.

In giving an account to M. de Vergennes of his visit to camp, M. de la Luzerne said, "The time which I passed with General Washington has convinced me more than ever of the very great advantage which the republic derives from his services. His virtues have gained for him the affection of the army which he commands, and the confidence and respect of the generals and other officers."

MONDAY, APRIL 24.

At Morristown: "April 24th.-A field of parade being prepared under the direction of the Baron Steuben, four battalions of our army were presented for review, by the French minister, attended by his Excellency and our general officers. Thirteen cannon, as usual, announced their arrival in the field, and they received from the officers and soldiers the military honors due to their exalted rank. . . In the evening, General Washington and the French minister, attended a ball [at the Morris Hotel] provided by our principal officers, at which were present a numerous collection of ladies and gentlemen of distinguished character. . . . On the 25th, the whole army was paraded under arms, to afford M. de la Luzerne another opportunity of reviewing the troops, after which he was escorted part of the way to Philadelphia. The Spanish gentleman remained dangerously sick of a pulmonic fever at head quarters, and on the 28th he expired."-Thacher's Military Journal.

SATURDAY, APRIL 29.

....

At Morristown: "The Remains of Don Juan de Mirailes are to be inter'd this afternoon at, Morris Town. The funeral procession will move from Head Quarters between 4 and 5 o'clock. It is His Excellency's desire that all the Officers who can attend consistent with the safety and police of the Camp should be invited to the funeral-as he wishes to show all possible respect to the memory of a very respec

table subject of the King of Spain."-Colonel Scammell to General Irvine, MS. Letter.

"April 29th-I accompanied Doctor Schuyler to head quarters, to attend the funeral of M. de Miralles. The deceased was a gentleman of high rank in Spain, and had been about one year a resident with our Congress, from the Spanish Court. The corpse was dressed in rich state, and exposed to public view, as is customary in Europe. . . . His Excellency General Washington, with several other general officers, and members of Congress, attended the funeral solemnities, and walked as chief mourners. The other officers of

the army, and numerous respectable citizens, formed a splendid procession, extending about one mile."-Thacher's Military Journal.

SUNDAY, APRIL 30.

At Morristown: "I am extremely sorry to communicate to your Excellency, the painful intelligence of the death of Don Juan de Miralles. This unfortunate event happened at my quarters the day before yesterday, and his remains were yesterday interred with all the respect due to his character and merit."- Washington to Don Diego Navarro, Governor of Cuba.

Don Juan de Marailles was supposed to be an unofficial agent of the Spanish government, but had no instructions directly from the court. Congress showed every mark of respect to this agent which was due to his personal character, but carefully avoided treating with him in any public capacity, except through the intervention of the French minister.

TUESDAY, MAY 9.

At Morristown: "Our brigade was paraded for inspection and review by Baron Steuben, in the presence of his Excellency General Washington. The troops appeared to much advantage, and the officers received the thanks of the Baron for the military and soldierly appearance of the men."-Thacher's Military Journal.

SUNDAY, MAY 14.

At Morristown: "The arrival of the Marquis de Lafayette opens a prospect, which offers the most important advantages to these States, if proper measures are adopted

to improve it. He announces an intention of his court to send a fleet and army to coöperate effectually with us."Washington to James Duane.

The Marquis de Lafayette sailed from Boston January 11, 1779, in the new American frigate "Alliance," and arrived at Paris February 12. He took much pains in laying before Count de Vergennes, Minister of Foreign Affairs, a clear and correct statement of the situation of the United States, and on his own responsibility urged him to send a land force as well as a fleet to co-operate with Washington's army. These views were supported by D'Estaing, who had returned to France, and they were adopted by the ministry in sending out the auxiliary force of six thousand men under Count de Rochambeau, which arrived at Rhode Island July 10, 1780. Lafayette sailed from Rochelle, in the French frigate "Hermione," March 19, and arrived in Boston harbor April 27. He at once informed Washington that he had affairs of the utmost importance which he should, at first, communicate to him alone, and on the 2d of May set out for head-quarters, which he reached on the 10th.

MONDAY, MAY 29.

At Morristown: "May 29th-Four battalions of our troops were paraded for review by the committee of Congress, in the presence of General Washington; they were duly honored with the military salute."-Thacher's Military Journal.

The committee of Congress, consisting of Philip Schuyler, John Mathews, and Nathaniel Peabody, had been instructed to proceed to head-quarters, and, in conjunction with the Commander-in-Chief, to effect such reforms and changes in all the departments of the army as its condition required. In a report, which they made to Congress soon after their arrival, the committee represented "that the army was five months unpaid; that it seldom had more than six days provisions in advance, and was on several occasions, for sundry successive days, without meat; that the army was destitute of forage; that the medical department had neither sugar, tea, chocolate, wine, nor spirits; and that every department was without money, or even the shadow of credit."

THURSDAY, JUNE 1.

At Morristown: "We have received advice from New York, published by authority, of the surrender of Charleston. As I dare say you will have seen the hand-bill, and,