guard of a captain and fifty men at that time, and direct the quartermaster to endeavour to have a night's forage for about forty horses." Washington to General Arnold.

SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 16.

At the "Hopper House": "To-morrow I set out for Hartford, to have an interview with the French General and Admiral. In my absence, the command of the army devolves upon you."- Washington to General Greene.

Washington did not in reality set out till Monday the 18th, having been delayed one or two days longer than he expected. On the 20th the army moved back to its old quarters at Tappan.

MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 18.

Leaves Head-Quarters for Hartford: Crosses the Hudson at King's Ferry, where he is met by General Arnold, who accompanies him to Peekskill, where they pass the night. In the morning, Washington resumed his journey, and Arnold returned to his quarters at the "Robinson House."

THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 21.

At Hartford, Connecticut: In conference with the Count de Rochambeau and Admiral de Ternay.

"Upon their appearance in Hartford [Washington and his suite], they were received with imposing ceremonies. The Governor's Guards, and a company of artillery, were on duty upon the occasion. They saluted Washington, as he entered the town, with thirteen guns. Trumbull, and Colonel Jeremiah Wadsworth, and other distinguished personages of the State, met him as he advanced. They gave him a cordial welcome-and, through crowds that rent the air with cheers, and strained to catch a sight of the illustrious Commander-in-chief, the latter made his way, together with Knox and La Fayette, to the residence of their mutual friend, Colonel Wadsworth-there upon the site where the Historical Society of Connecticut now lifts its walls-and where, in a beautiful mansion, still standing, though upon another spot, himself and his principal officers were nobly entertained during their stay. The same ceremony was repeated soon after Washington came upon the French commander and suite. They were formally received at the City Landing, after crossing the ferry-and marching

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to the area in front of the Capitol, were there met by General Washington and his military companions. The interview between the commanders was continued at the house of Colonel Wadsworth-whither the parties retired."—Stuart's Life of Jonathan Trumbull, p. 485.

FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 22.

At Hartford: "Thursday night, the Conference was concluded. Friday saw the French officers start on their return to Newport-the Governor's Guards again in martial array-escorting the distinguished guests to the River bank, while thirteen guns renewedly rent the air."—Life of Jonathan Trumbull, p. 488.

"I was at Hartford, forty leagues distant from here [Newport, Rhode Island], with M. de Rochambeau. We were only six, the Admiral, his Chief of Engineers [Desandrouins], his son, the Viscomte de Rochambeau, and two aids-de-camp, of whom I was one. He had an interview there with General Washington. M. de Rochambeau sent me in advance, to announce his arrival, and I had time to see this man, illustrious, if not unique in our century. His handsome and majestic, while at the same time mild and open countenance perfectly reflects his moral qualities; he looks the hero; he is very cold; speaks little, but is courteous and frank. A shade of sadness overshadows his countenance, which is not unbecoming, and gives him an interesting air. His suite was more numerous than ours. The Marquis de Lafayette, General Knox, Chief of Artillery, M. de Gouvion, a Frenchman, Chief of Engineers, and six aids-de-camp [among whom were McHenry and Hamilton], accompanied him. He had besides an escort of 22 dragoons."-Count de Fersen, Magazine of American History, iii. 305.

SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 23.

Leaves Hartford: "General Washington and suite shook hands with the hospitable Wadsworth, the worthy Governor Trumbull, and numerous other friends-and, amid volleys of huzzas, started for the Head Quarters of the Army."Life of Jonathan Trumbull, p. 488.

In consequence of an insufficiency of naval force, and the arrival at New York of Admiral Rodney, from the West Indies, with a fleet, the Hartford conference resulted in no fixed plan of operations. The interview, however, was important and serviceable in establishing amicable relations between the two commanders.

SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 24.

At Litchfield, Connecticut: "On the evening of Saturday, September 23d, 1780, General WASHINGTON arrived here [Litchfield], on his way from Hartford to West Point, and was entertained at the hospitable mansion of General Oliver Wolcott, in South street. He spent the night in the village, and on the following morning proceeded westward."-Kilbourne's Chronicles of Litchfield, p. 129.

MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 25.

At the "Robinson House": "General Arnold is gone to the Enemy. I have just now received a line from him, enclosing one to Mrs. Arnold, dated on board the Vulture. From this circumstance, and Colo. Lamb's being detached on some business, the command of the Garrison, for the present, devolves on you."- Washington to Colonel Wade, at West Point.

Washington reached Fishkill on his return from Hartford on the afternoon of the 24th, soon after leaving which he met M. de Luzerne, the French minister, with his suite, on his way to visit the Count de Rochambeau at Newport, who induced him to turn back and pass the night at Fishkill. He left early the next day, and, after examining the redoubts on the river, arrived at the "Robinson House," Arnold's head-quarters, about noon, one hour after the traitor's escape.

TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 26.

At the "Robinson House": "I arrived here yesterday, on my return from an interview with the French general and admiral, and have been witness to a scene of treason, as shocking as it was unexpected. General Arnold, from every circumstance, had entered into a plot for sacrificing West Point. He had an interview with Major André, the British adjutant-general, last week at Joshua H. Smith's, where the plan was concerted. By an extraordinary concurrence of incidents André was taken while on his return, with several papers in Arnold's hand-writing, that proved

the treason. The latter unluckily got notice of it before I did, went immediately down the river, got on board the Vulture, which brought up André, and proceeded to New York."- Washington to Governor Clinton.

Major André and Joshua Hett Smith were brought to the "Robinson House" on the morning of the 26th, the former from Colonel Sheldon's quarters in Lower Salem, and the latter from Fishkill. They were sent over to West Point the evening of the same day, and on the morning of the 28th were conveyed in separate barges down the river to Stony Point, and from thence conducted, under a strong escort, to Tappan, where the main body of the army was encamped.

WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 27

At the "Robinson House": "I have concluded to send Major André of the British army, and Mr. Joshua H. Smith, who has had a great hand in carrying on the business between him and Arnold to Camp [at Tappan] to-morrow. . . . I intend to return to-morrow morning."— Washington to General Greene.

Joshua Hett Smith, at whose house, near Stony Point, Arnold and André held their interview (September 22), was tried by a military court and acquitted. He was soon afterwards arrested by the civil authorities and committed to the jail at Goshen, Orange County, whence he escaped and made his way through the country, in the disguise of a woman, to New York. Smith went to England with the British army at the close of the war, and in 1808 published a book in London entitled "An Authentic Narrative of the Causes which led to the Death of Major André," a work of very little reliable authority. He died at New York in 1818.

THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 28.

At Tappan: Summons a board of general officers to examine into the case of Major André, adjutant-general of the British army.

The board, which was composed of fourteen general officers, General Greene presiding, met on the following day (September 29), and, after maturely considering the facts, reported, "That Major André, Adjutant General of the British Army, ought to be consider'd as a Spy from the Enemy, and that, agreeably to the Law and usage of Nations, it is their opinion he ought to suffer death."

SUNDAY, OCTOBER 1.

At Tappan: Orderly Book.-" Major André is to be executed to-morrow at 12 o'clock precisely. A Battalion of 80 Files from each wing to attend the Execution."

"October 2d.-Major André is no more among the living. I have just witnessed his exit. It was a tragical scene of the deepest interest. During his confinement and trial, he exhibited those proud and elevated sensibilities which designate greatness and dignity of mind. Not a murmur or a sigh ever escaped him, and the civilities and attentions bestowed on him were politely acknowledged. . . . The fatal hour having arrived, a large detachment of troops was paraded, and an immense concourse of people assembled; almost all our general and field officers, excepting his Excellency and his staff, were present on horseback; melancholy and gloom pervaded all ranks, and the scene was affectingly awful."-Thacher's Military Journal.

THURSDAY, OCTOBER 5.

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At Tappan: "We are now drawing an inactive campaign to a close; the beginning of which appeared pregnant with events of a favorable complexn. I hoped, but I hoped in vain, that a prospect was displaying, which wd. enable me to fix a period to my military pursuits, and restore me to domestic life. . . . We have been half of our time without provision, and are likely to continue so. We have no magazines, nor money to form them; and in a little time we shall have no men, if we had money to pay them. We have lived upon expedients till we can live no longer. In a word, the history of the war is a history of false hopes and temporary devices, instead of system and economy."- Washington to General John Cadwalader.

FRIDAY, OCTOBER 6.

At Tappan: Orderly Book.-"The General will beat at 7 o'clock to morrow morning, the assemble at past eight, and the march will commence at 9 precisely."

SATURDAY, OCTOBER 7.

At Paramus, New Jersey: "The main body of the army, the forage about Orange town and the lower Country being