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collects in the side drains through the cutting to run off to the side drains before it reaches the embankment. For want of this precaution, embankments frequently suffer very much.

DEPÔTS.

Depôts should be made on the sides of all roads for holding materials.

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The best form is that which will serve to measure the quantity of materials, as well as to hold them. The back walls should be twelve yards long, the two side walls each two yards and a half at the bottom, and to slope at an angle of 45° to the to the height of the back and sides should be three feet. A depôt of this form and dimensions wil hold twenty-four cubic yards of materials; and four of these depôts on a mile, at 428 yards apart, will contain 100 cubic yards.

The depôts should not in any case be placed farther from each other than a quarter of a mile, so as to admit of moving the materials in barrows. This method is better calculated for constant repairs, than that of drawing them with carts and horses.

Specification for building Depôts of Stone

Masonry.

"Four depôts are to be built, on each mile of road, in such places as may be pointed out by the engineer or his assistant: they are to be built with stone and lime; twelve yards long in the clear,

three feet high above the side channels of the road, and to be founded as low as necessary below that, to give stability to the work; the ends to be two yards and a half in the clear at the bottom, and to rise to one yard and a half at top; the thickness of the work to be eighteen inches throughout for the height of three feet; the work under that to be two feet thick. The top of the back, sides, and slopes to be coped with large stones, set on edge, and laid in good mortar.

"The bottom is to be flagged with sandstone, in the rough, neatly jointed and evenly bedded.

"The back and ends of the depôts to have a mound of earth thrown up against them, eighteen inches high on the outside, and eighteen inches or two feet on the base, rounded off on the top, and faced with sod if necessary, and the regular quantity of quicksets planted in it, which are to be protected by the field row of posts and rails before described: a tile drain to be laid in front of the depôt; it is to be thirteen yards long and ten inches in the square." (See Plate IV. fig. 7.)

Specification for building Depôts with Bricks.

"Four depôts for holding repairing materials are to be erected, in each mile of road, in such places as may be pointed out by the inspector: they are to be built of brick, twelve yards long in the clear, three feet high above the side channels of the road; the foundations to be deep enough to give stability to the work; the ends to be two yards and a half

clear at the bottom, and to rise one yard and a half at top; the thickness of the back and ends to be nine inches. The upper course of bricks are to be laid on edge in cement; the ends are to be secured by an oak post driven three feet in the ground, and rising one foot above the surface; the bottom is to be paved with brick on edge, and an oak plank is to be set in front the whole length of the depôt, and flush with the upper surface of the pavement; it is to be three inches thick and six inches deep, secured at the ends by the oak posts before mentioned, and strengthened in the middle by a post driven two feet into the ground, and of a scantling not less than four inches by six inches.

"The back and ends of the depôts are to have a mound of earth raised behind them eighteen inches deep and two feet wide, and faced with green sod; in this mound the quicks are to be set, which are to be protected with one row of posts and rails, as above described, set on the field side. A drain is to be made in front, of brick or tiles, so as not to interrupt the passage of the water in the inner side drain."

TOLL-HOUSES.

Toll-houses should be built in a strong and substantial manner, and made suitable and comfortable for the persons who are to inhabit them. Many instances might be mentioned in which the tolls on a road have been much increased by building good houses. The following are the specifications for building toll-houses on the Holyhead Road.

Specification for building a Toll-house at Llanfair, in the Island of Anglesea. (Plate IV. fig. 8.)

"The toll-house is to be built at the precise spot now marked out on the ground, and to be in shape and dimensions agreeable to the above drawings.

"The masonry to be of good sound rubblework, except the plinth, steps, and sills, which are to be of good hammer-dressed freestone, or slate. The whole to be set in good lime and sand mortar.

"The sills of the door and window frames to be of oak; the rest of the frames, and outer woodwork, to be of Baltic fir, except the posts of the portico, which are to be of sound round oak. All inside timber-work, to be of Baltic fir.

"The scantlings of timber and description of workmanship to be similar to those of the toll-house at Llandegai.

"The roof to be covered with slates, and the hips, ridges, and gutters to be covered with lead eighteen inches wide, and not less than seven pounds to the square foot.

"The inside wall and ceilings to be plastered three coats, and set. The under side of the portico, and the projection of roof, to be also ceiled and plastered, and faced with a three and a half inch fascia board. The outside to be roughcast and coloured.

"The portico to be paved with pebble, with a hammer-dressed plinth, for the posts to stand upon,

at least twelve inches wide. The octagonal lower room and the wash-house to be paved with tiles.

"All woodwork to be painted three times in oil; the inside works finished white, with doors and skirting oak colour, and the outside work dark green.

"There are to be proper grates, with slate chimney-pieces, to all the rooms.

"A garden is to be fenced round on three sides, each of twenty yards, with a walk of the same description as those on each side of the new road. “In this garden a privy is to be built, with proper roof, dome, seat, &c. complete. There are to be two wrought-iron toll-gates hung, one across the road to Plas-newydd, and the other across that to Holyhead. There are also to be two turnstiles; the posts and rails to be of sound oak; to be painted three times in oil, white. The contractor to find all the materials and the labour."

Specification for building a Toll-house at Shelton, in the Parish of St. Chad, in the County of Salop.

The toll-house to be built on the spot marked out by the engineer, and agreeably to the drawings. "The whole of the walls, except the plinth, steps, and window sills, are to be of good sound brick-work, to be laid solid in good mortar, composed of lime and sand; and the outer joints to be neatly struck with the trowel. The plinth, steps, and window sills to be of neatly tooled freestone.

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