laid and properly jointed; it may be procured on the space to be occupied by the road and its side slopes. (Plate VII. fig. 3.)

The surface of the foundation for the materials of the carriage road is to be formed level from side to side. The surface of the foundation for the hard materials of the footpath is also to be level, and to be six inches above that of the carriage road. In the cuttings, the breadth between the bottoms of the side slopes is to be thirty-three feet. (Plate VII. fig. 1.)

Upon the level space prepared for the road materials, a bottom course, or layer of stone, is to be set by hand in form of a close firm pavement. (Plate III. fig. 3.)

The stones set in the middle of the road to be seven inches in depth; at nine feet from the centre five inches; at twelve feet four inches; and at fifteen feet three inches; and to have a curving surface; they are to be laid on their broadest edges lengthwise across the road, and the breadth of the upper edge is not to exceed four inches in any case. All the inequalities of the upper part of said pavement to be broken off with a hammer, and all the interstices to be filled with stone chips firmly wedged or packed, so as to form a convexity of four inches in the breadth of fifteen feet from the centre. The stones used for this purpose are to be such as will not waste by exposure to the weather.

The bed of pavement or set stone is to be covered with a layer of Nuneaton stone, to be approved of by the inspector; it is to be laid six inches thick on

the middle of the road, eighteen feet wide. These stones are to be broken into pieces as nearly cubical as possible; the longest and largest piece to go through a circular ring of two inches and a half in the inside diameter.

The stones must be broken off the road, and riddled on a sieve of one inch square meshes, and approved of by the engineer or his assistant before they are put on the road. The shoulders or sides of the road are to be covered with the small stones which pass through the aforesaid meshes, properly cleansed and selected, or with good sharp coarse gravel, well cleaned and separated from all earth, and having no pebbles larger than one inch and a half in diameter, to be approved of by the engineer or his assistant. This course of gravel is to be seven inches and a half thick at nine feet from the centre; six inches and a half at twelve feet from the centre; and two inches and a half at the sides, or fifteen feet from the centre.*

The Nuneaton stone is to be covered with one inch and a half in depth of good binding gravel, to be laid on at such times and in such way as may be directed; and the whole surface, from side to side, to be kept properly dressed and levelled, until the whole work is certified to be completely finished.

The footpath is to be coated with six inches of sandstone, broken to the same size as stated for the

* Since this specification was drawn up, it has been considered better to increase the depth of pitching at the sides, so as give a convexity to the road surface of six inches instead

of nine.

road materials, and is to be covered with gravel, so that the surface of the footpath shall be on a level with the middle of the road.

DRAINAGE.

Along the outside of the carriage road (all embankments excepted), drains are to be cut, ten inches wide at bottom, fourteen inches at top, and ten inches deep below the surface of the bed for the road materials. (Plate VII. fig. 4.) Mitre drains are to be made from the middle of the road into these drains, forming such angles at the middle as may give a declivity for conveying the water into the side drains; they are to be nine inches wide at bottom, twelve inches at top, and ten inches deep; there are to be thirty of these drains per mile (embankments excepted). These drains are to be filled with rubble stone, connecting with the bottom course of road materials. An edging of turf, with the green side out, not less than six inches in depth and five inches in thickness, is to be set in a neat compact manner on the road edge of the footpath, and the top thereof is to be covered with the binding gravel. On the outside of the footpath, along the border for the thorns, a turf six inches high and four inches thick is to be set in the same way over the whole line, excepting on embankments.

There are to be eight cross drains of dry stone masonry, each eighteen inches in the clear, constructed in every mile of the road. These cross drains are to be continued under the fences into

The side

the ditches on each side of the road. walls to be sixteen inches thick, faced on both sides, eighteen inches high on the upper end, and twenty-three at the lower. The top of the walls to be level across the road, and the bottom to have an inclination of one inch in every ten feet. The stones at top, on which the covers are to be laid, are to project about two inches and a half into the open space on each side, leaving about thirteen inches clear between them. The covers to be sound stone, not less than four inches thick, and twenty-seven inches long. They are to be neatly jointed, closely laid together, and properly bonded on the side walls, and covered with four inches of turf. A concave pavement, with stones not less than five inches deep, to be laid between the side walls, as shown in the drawings (Plate IV. fig. 5). The whole of the building to be placed so low as to admit six inches of mould to be laid between the covers and the bottom course of stone, without raising the longitudinal surface of the road. When the cross drains are under an embankment, the same are to be carried to the extremities of the bottoms of the slopes. Should any drains of a different size be wanted, their situation, number, size, and value to be determined by the inspector. The water from the surface of the road to be introduced into the cross drains by as many side openings or inlets as there are cross drains, ten by sixteen inches, built on each side, and covered with stones at least twenty-six inches long, fourteen inches broad, and not less than two inches and a half

Q

thick. The bottom of said covers to be five inches above the side drain, and the whole of each opening to be on the outside of the driving way. The ends of the cross drains to be secured by strong pavements, four feet three inches by two feet three inches. The water collected in the side drains of the road to be introduced into the cross drains by a row of paving-stones across the course, so raised as to prevent it from passing the opening of the cross drain; and the outer row of paving-stones below the discharging end to be large stones, sunk so deep as to secure the whole from being injured by the current of water. The lower ends of the drains to be secured by wing walls, at least five feet in length, and the same at the upper end, where they are connected with a watercourse, and to be covered with two rows of swarded turf; the lower one with the swarded side down, the other with the swarded side up. Wherever springs are found in the surface of the ground on which the road is to be made, or in the cuttings, drains to be made the same as on the outside of the carriage road before described, for carrying the water into the ditches or natural watercourses, by proper under-draining. Open cuts to be made whenever they are necessary for carrying off the water from the ditches into the natural watercourses; and these drains to be two feet wide at the top, ten inches wide at the bottom, and eighteen inches deep. Through all the cuttings on the footpath side of the road, a drain, one foot square, is to be made along the lower edge of the slope, and filled