PLAN No. II. Estimate of the expense of raising the valley seventy feet. To 668,512 cubic yards of earth-work in the embankment, at 7d. To 25 acres of land to be purchased to supply earth for the embankment, at 1007. To 14 acres of land required for the site of the embankment, at 100% To 1,313 yards of fences over the embank- To 1,313 yards of road-making, at 15s. ment To toll-house and gates Contingencies PLAN NO. III. Estimate of the expense of raising the valley fifty feet, lowering the summit at Foster's Booth twenty-seven feet, and reducing the slopes from 1 in 16, 17, and 18, to 1 in 30, on the east side of the valley; and from 1 in 14 and 15 to 1 in 30, on the west side of the valley. To 104,671 cubic yards of earth-work, at 1s. 5,233 11 0 6,060 5 7 To 207,781 cubic yards of earth-work, at 7d. To 31,784 cubic yards of earth, at 6d. To 682 yards of fences over the embank- To 1,766 yards of post and rail fence, at 6s. To cross-drains Field-gates Toll-house and gates Contingencies PLAN No. IV. Estimate of the expense of raising the valley forty feet, cutting twenty-seven feet from the summit at Foster's Booth, and reducing the inclinations from 1 in 14 and 15 to 1 in 30 on the west side of Lovell's Hill. To 104,671 cubic yards of earth-work, at 1s. 466 0 0 1,864 13 1 To 12,440 cubic yards from back cutting, at 9d. To 63,931 cubic yards from back cutting, To three acres of land to be purchased for To 616 yards of fences over the embank- To 1,870 yards of post and rail fence, at 6s. To field-gates, &c. To toll-house and gates Contingencies PLAN NO. V. Estimate for the expense of raising the valley forty feet, cutting twenty-seven feet from the summit at Foster's Booth, and fourteen from the summit at Stowe Hill. To 198,200 yards of earth-work in embankments taken from the cuttings, at ls. To 234 acres of land for cuttings and embankments, at 1007. To 682 yards of fences on the embankments, at 10s. To 3,374 yards of post and rail fences, To 4,055 yards of road materials, at 15s. Field-gates Toll-house and gates Contingencies 520 0 0 100 0 150 0 0 400 0 0 17,824 9 0 1,782 11 0 £19,607 0 0 GENERAL ABSTRACT. NOTE B. Page 67. THE resistance produced by collision is seldom a constant retarding force; loose stones, or hard substances, are sometimes met with, and will give a sudden check to the horses, according to the height of the obstacle: the momentum thus destroyed is often very considerable. The power required to draw a wheel over a stone or other obstruction may be thus determined: - Suppose ABD to represent a carriage wheel fifty-two inches in diameter, the axis 2 ̊5 inches in diameter, the weight of the wheel 200 lbs., and the load on the axle 300 lbs. Let a stone or other obstacle four inches high be represented as at S; the power necessary to be applied to the axle to draw the wheel over the stone is thus found:-Suppose P the power which is just sufficient to keep the wheel balanced, or in equilibrio, when acting from the centre C in the direction C P. The force acting against this power is gravity, and is equal to the weight of the wheel and load on the axle, acting from the centre C in the direction C B. These forces act together against the point D in the direction CD. Gravity acts in the direction CB with the energy or length of lever D B, and the power acts in the direction CP, with the leverage BC; and the equation of equilibrium will be W DB Px CB. In this equation, CB the radius of the wheel diminished by the height of the obstacle, and BD equals DC-BC; hence the W x DC-BC power P= in the present example, DC-DS |