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observed by captain Cook in 1774, who found it to be composed of several smaller islands, and appearing to have no inhabitants. By the natives it is called Mopetra. Long. 154° 7′ W., lat. 16° 46' S.

HOWEL (Lawrence), a zealous nonjuring divine of the last century, was educated at Jesus College, Cambridge, and graduated M. A. in 1688. After keeping a school at Epping, he received ordination among the non-jurors from Dr. George Hickes, the titular bishop of Thetford. He published Synopsis Canonum SS. Apostolorum, Lond. 1703, folio; Synopsis Canonum Ecclesiæ Latina, 1710, folio; a View of the Pontificate to 1563, 1712, 8vo.; and a History of the Bible, with Engravings, by Sturt, 1716, 3 vols. 8vo. But he is chiefly remarkable as the author of a pamphlet, in 1716, entitled The Case of Schism in the Church of England. He was tried at the Old Bailey for this attack on the establishment, sentenced to be degraded from his clerical office, to pay a fine of £500, and to be twice whipped. The latter part of the sentence was afterwards remitted, in consideration of his clerical character, but the remainder was rigidly executed; he was stripped of his gown in open court, and, being unable to pay the fine, was detained in Newgate till his death, July 19th,

The 1720.

east, the two extremities, including a space of about six miles, though, by reason of the curved figure of the island itself, it is near seven in length. It is deeply indented on the middle of the cast part by a bay named Ross's Bay, and on the west has another named Prince William Henry's Bay; so that the whole appears like two islands joined together by an isthmus, in some places not above half a mile broad. On the south part of that division which lies most to the north are two considerable bays, named Callam's and Hunter's Bay; and on the south-west part of the other are two high mountains, the most southerly named Mount Gower, and the other Mount Lidgbird. The convex part of the island lies towards the north-east, and the concave side towards the south-west, is terminated by two points named Point King and Point Philip. No fresh water was found on the island; but it abounds with cabbage palms, mangrove, and manchineel trees, even up to the summits of the mountains; besides celery, spinach, and some other esculent plants. There are great numbers of gaunets, and a land fowl of a dusky-brown color, with a bill about four inches long, and feet like those of a chicken. These were found to be fine meat, and were very fat. There are many large pigeons, and the white birds found in Norfolk Island were also met with in this one. bill of this bird is red, and very strong, thick, HOWITZ, or HOWITZER, a kind of mortar, and sharp pointed. Great numbers of fine tur-mounted upon a field carriage like a gun. tles frequent this island in summer, but go northward in winter. The coast abounds with fish. About four leagues from this island is a remarkably high rock, named Ball's Pyramid. This island may be approached without danger; but about four miles from this pyramid there is a very dangerous rock, which appears above the surface of the water. The isthmus which joins the two parts has been formerly overflowed, and the island disjoined, as in the very centre large beds of coral rocks and great quantities of shells were seen. On the east, which seems in general to be the weather side, the sea has thrown up a bank of sand from twenty-five to thirty feet high, which serves as a barrier against future inundations. The island also appears to have suffered by volcanic eruptions, as great quantities of pumice stones were found upon it. Mr. Austin also found that the whole reef which shelters the west bay had been burnt up. The time he visited it was that of the incubation of the gannets, of which there were then prodigious numbers, their nests being only hollows made in the sand, there not being any quadrupeds on the island to disturb them. He also met with beautiful parrots and parroquets; a new species of coots, rails, and ina pies; and a very beautiful small bird of a brown color with a yellow breast, and yellow on the wing, which seemed to be a species of humming bird. They found also a black bird like a sheerwater, having a hooked bill, and which burrows in the ground. The only insects met with were common worms and ants; which last were numerous.

HOWE'S ISLAND, is also an island in the South Pacific Ocean,' discovered by Wallis in 1767, who observed cocoa-nuts growing on it. It is about sixty miles long, and four broad. It was

The difference between a mortar and a howitz is, that the trunnions of the first are at the end, and at the middle in the last. The invention of howitzers is of much later date than mortars, and had their origin from them. The construction of howitzers is as various and uncertain as that of mortars, excepting the chambers which are cylindric. They are distinguished by the diameter of the bore; for instance, a ten inch howitz is the diameter of that which is ten inches; and so of the smaller ones.

HOWL, v. n. & n. s. Belg. huglen and huil, Lat. ululo. To cry as a wolf or a dog; to utter cries of distress or pain; to speak in a belluine cry or tone it is used poetically of many noises loud and horrid. Howl, the cry of a wolf or dog, or of a human being in agony.

He found him in a desert land, and in the waste
howling wilderness.
Deut. xxxii. 10.
Therefore will I howl, and cry out for all Moab.
Jer. xlviii.

Methought a legion of foul fiends
Environed me, and howled in mine ears
Such hideous cries, that with the very noise
I trembling waked. Shakspeare. Richard III.
If wolves had at thy gate howled that stern time,
Thou should'st have said, Go, porter, turn the key.
Shakspeare.

The damned use that word in hell,

Homelings attend it. Id. Romeo and Juliet.
Each new morn

New widows howl, new orphans cry, new sorrows
Strike Heaven on the face.
Id. Macbeth.

I have words
That would be howled out in the desart air,
Where hearing should not catch them.

Murther,

Alarmed by his sentinel the wolf,
Whose howl's his watch.

Id.

Id.

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The Hell of waters! where they howl and hiss And boil in endless torture. Byron. Childe Harold. HOWTH, a promontory and small town of Ireland, which forms the north entrance of the bay of Dublin. It belongs principally to the earl of Howth; and it has continued in possession of the family above 700 years. The shores off this hill are rocky and precipitous, affording, however, several harbours for small craft. It was formerly called Ben-hedar, i. e. the Birds' Promontory; and celebrated for having Dun Criomthan, or the royal palace of Criomthan, erected on it, he having been chief or king of this district, and memorable for making several successful descents on the coast of Britain against the Romans in the time of Agricola. Howth, now stripped of trees, was also formerly covered with venerable oaks, and a seat of the Druids, one of their altars still remaining in a sequestered valley on the east side of the hill. The town of Howth is seven miles east of the metropolis. On the top of the hill is a lighthouse, and another at the end of the new pier; the harbour is small, but has been recently improved at a great expense; steam-vessels, commanded by lieutenants in the navy, quit Howth daily for Holyhead. The town is extremely picturesque. Howth Castle or abbey is ancient, and stands in the middle of it. On the west shore are the ruins of St. Mary's church, with some ancient monuments of lord Howth's ancestors. See DUBLIN, COUNTY. HOX, v. a.

From Sax. pog. To hough; to

ham-string. Lodronius, perceiving the old soldier's meaning, alighted, and with his sword hoxed his horse, saying aloud, This day, valiant soldiers, shall you have me both your general and fellow soldier, fighting on foot as one of yourselves.

Knolles.

To define a barge and hoy, which are between a boat and a ship, is hard. Watts's Logick.

Hoy, a considerable island of the Orkney groupe, lying south from the mainland of Scotland. It is about fifteen miles long from southeast to north-west, and six miles and a half at its greatest breadth. The peninsula of Walls, on the south-east, contains some fertile land; but the greater part of the island is mountainous and barren; encumbered. with large rocks and almost inaccessible. The only crops are black oats, bear, and of late potatoes. The fishery and kelp-making add a little to the means of the inhabitants, but they are chiefly employed in the breeding and rearing of sheep. dwarfie stone, a remarkable relic of antiquity found in this island, measures thirty-two feet in length, sixteen and a half in breadth, and seven and a half in height, hollowed in the inside into several apartments. Population between 500 and 600. Four miles west from Ronaldsay, and six north from Dunnet Head in Caithness.

The

HUAJOCINGO, or HUETJOCINGO, a large town of Mexico, in the intendancy of La Puebla de los Angelos. It once gave name to a small independent republic.

In

HUAHEINE, or AHEINE, which signifies woman, the easternmost of the groupe of the Society Islands. It is twenty-four miles in circumference, and divided into two peninsulas, by a narrow isthmus overflowed by the tides. other parts of the island there are salt lakes. It has a very narrow stripe of fertile low land next the shore. The hills are strongly marked by volcanic fire, and in some parts cultivated. The productions are similar to those of Otaheite, but about a month earlier. Owharra, on the west coast, is a harbour of good anchorage in eighteen fathoms water, secure from winds. The inhabitants mix cocoa-nuts with yams, scraping both fine, and, having incorporated the powder, they put it into a wooden trough, with a number of hot stones, by which an oily kind of hasty pudding is made, called poe. They are larger and stouter than those of Otaheite. The women are also not so dark.

HUANTAJAYA, a mountain of Peru, in Arica, only two leagues from the Pacific Ocean, famous for its silver mines. They are surmounted with beds of rock-salt in a desert destitute of water; and furnish from 40,000 lbs. to 80,000 lbs. Troy, of native silver yearly.

HUAPENTE, a considerable river of Quito, in the province of Ambato. It rises in the mountains of Quelenda, covered with perpetual snow, and first runs due south; then it turns westward and joins the Ambato on the east, just before it enters the Pachantica.

HUB'BUB. n. s. Johnson conjectures from up up, or hob-nob. Mr. Thomson says, from Goth. opa up, to call out. See HOOP. A tumult;

a riot.

People pursued the business with all contempt of HOY, n. s. Old. Fr. hou. A large boat the government; and in the hubbub of the first day sometimes with one deck.

He sent to Germany strange aid to rear: From whence eftsoons arrived here three hoys Of Saxons, whom he for his safety employs. Faerie Queene.

there appeared nobody of name or reckoning, but the actors were really of the dregs of the people. Clarendon.

Why wolves raise a hubbub at her, And dogs howl when she shines in water. Hudibras.

An universal hubbub wild

Of stunning sounds, and voices all confused, Borne through the hollow dark, assaults his ear With loudest vehemence. Milton's Paradise Lost. HUBELY, or HOOBLY, a populous town of the province of Bejapore, Hindostan, surrounded by a mud wall and ditch. It carries on a considerable trade with Goa, and has manufactures of both silk and cotton. Formerly the Euglish East India Company had a factory here. It was plundered by the Mahrattas in 1673, at which time it belonged to the king of Bejapore. But in 1685 it was taken by the Moguls, under the command of Muavem, the son of Aurungzebe; but soon after the death of that monarch, in 1707, it was again taken by the Mahrattas, under whose dominion it still continues. Long. 75° 10' E., lat. 15° 24′ N.

HUBER (Ulric), a celebrated civilian of the seventeenth century, was born at Dockum in 1636. He became professor of law at Francker; and wrote, 1. A Treatise De Jure Civitatis; 2. Jurisprudentia Frisica; 3. Specimen Philosophie Civilis; 4. Institutiones Historia Civilis ; 5. Dissertationes de genuino ætate Assyriorum et Regno Medorum; and other works which are much esteemed. He died in 1694.

HUBER (Zacharias), the son of the preceding, was born at Franeker in 1669, and succeeded his father in his professorship. He published, 1. De Vero Sensu Legis IXD. de lege Pompeia, 4to; Dissertationum Libri Tres, &c. He died

in 1772.

HUBERT (St.), in heraldry, the name of an order of knighthood, instituted by Gerard V. duke of Juliers, in memory of a victory gained by him over Arnold of Egmont, on St. Hubert's day, in the year 1447. In 1709 it was revived by John William, elector-palatine of the Rhine. It was also used at Wurtemberg, where the reigning duke of Wurtemberg was grand master. The collar of the order is a chain of gold, to which a cross pattée, set with jewels, is suspended, from the angles of which issue rays of gold; on the centre is a medallion of gold enamelled, with a portrait of St. Hubert, kneeling before a crucifix, placed between the horns of a stag, all proper. The knights also wear, on the left side of their coat, a circle surrounded with rays, embroidered in gold; and, in the middle of it, a German motto, signifying,Keep firm in the Faith.' At all times, except festival days, they wear the cross tied to a red riband, which passes scarf-wise from the left shoulder to the right thigh.

HUBNER (John), a learned geographer of Germany, who taught geography at Leipsic and Hamburg with extraordinary reputation; and died at Hamburg in 1732, aged sixty-three. His principal works are, 1. Bibliotheca Historica, Hamburgensis; 2. Musaum Geographicum, printed at Basil in 1746, in 6 vols. 12mo.

HUCK'ABACK, n. s. A kind of linen on which the figures are raised. HUCKLE BACKED Į Germin hocker, a HUCKLEBONE. 5 bunch; Dut. hucken. Crooked in the shoulders; the hip bone. HUCK'STER, n. s. & v. n. Germ. hock, HUCK'SIERER, N. 5. § a pedlar; hock

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HUDDERSFIELD, or HTHERSHIELD, a market town of Yorkshire, sixteen miles from Leeds, thirty-nine from York, and 189 nort')west from London. The manufactures consist chiefly of serges, kerseymeres, frieze, and narrow and broad cloths. The church is an ancient plain building. Here is a very extensive clothall, erected by Sir J. Ramsden in 1765. It is built in a circular form, two stories high, divided into two courts. Over the entrance is a bell, placed in a handsome cupola,, to regulate the opening and closing of the market, which is held on Tuesday from seven till twelve A. M. Here is also a dispensary, established in 1814, and a national-school in 1819. This town has a canal navigation for three miles to the river Calder, whence the river navigation is continued to Wakefield; and the Huddersfield canal passes on to Ashton-under-Line, and finally enters the Peak-forest and other canals. Two miles south of the town, on Castle-bill, are still visible the remains of the ancient Roman city of Camelodunum. In the vicinity are several medicinal springs.

HUD'DLE, v. a., v. n. & n. s. Etymology uncertain. Probably from hood; to dress up so close as not to be discovered; to cover up in haste; to perform in a hurry; to throw together in confusion; to come in a crowd: huddle is tumult; confusion; obscurity.

Glance an eye of pity on his losses,
That have of late so huldled on his back,
Enough to press a royal merchant down.
Shakspeare.

Brown answered after his blunt and huddling man-
Bacon.

ner.

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At twelve she rose with much ado; Her cloaths were huddled on by two. Now all in haste they huddle on Their hoods, their cloaks, and get them gone.

Prior.

Swift. And reading what they never wrote, Just fifteen minutes huddle up their work, And with a well-bred whisper close the scene. Cowper's Task.

HUDSON (Henry), an eminent English navigator, celebrated for his attempts, about the beginning of the seventeenth century, to find the north-west passage to India and China. This intrepid mariner, in searching after a north-west passage to the South Seas, discovered Hudson's straits, through which he hoped to find out a new way to Asia by America. He made altogether three voyages on this adventure; the first in 1607, and the second in 1608. In his third and last, in 1610, he entered the straits that lead into a new Mediterranean, and passing along the coast of Latrador, which he named New Britain, discovered a great part of the bay known by his name. His ardor for discovery not being abated by the difficulties he struggled with, in this empire of winter, he staid here till the ensuing spring, and prepared in the beginning of 1611 to pursue his enterprize; but his crew, who suffered equal hardships, without the same spirit to support them, mutinied, seized upon him and seven of those who were most faithful to him, and committed them to the fury of the icy seas in an open boat. Hudson and his companions were either swallowed up by the waves, or gaining the inhospitable coast were destroyed by the savages, for they were never more heard of; but the ship and the rest of the men returned home.

HUDSON (Jeffery). See DWARF.

HUDSON (John), a learned English critic, born in 1662. He distinguished himself by several editions of Greek and Latin authors; and, in 1701, was elected head keeper of the Bodleian library at Oxford. In 1712 he was appointed principal of St. Mary's Hall, through the interest of the famous Dr. Ratcliffe; and it is said that the university of Oxford is indebted for the most ample benefactions of that physician to Dr. Hudson's solicitations. He died in 1719, while he was preparing for publication a catalogue of the Bodleian library, which he had caused to be transcribed in six folio volumes.

New York The Narrows

It is navigable for the largest ships to Hudson, and for sloops to Troy. The tide flows up as far as Troy. It is remarkably straight for 200 miles, and is, on the whole, one of the finest rivers in America. There are upon its banks a number of handsome and flourishing towns; and in passing up the river there is exhibited much fine and picturesque scenery.

HUDSON, a city, port of entry, and the capital of Columbia county, New York. It stands on the east bank of the Hudson River, thirty miles south of Albany, 130 north of New York, and 336 miles from Washington. It was founded in 1784, and is pleasantly situated, regularly laid out, and well-built; the streets intersecting each other at right angles. It contains four houses of public worship; one for Presbyterians, one for Episcopalians, one for Quakers, and one for Methodists, an academy, and two banks. The city is considerable both for its trade and manufactures. The shipping owned here in 1816 amounted to 2761 tons. Claverack Creek, which flows on the eastern side of the town, and Abram's, or Factory Creek, on the northern side, afford good seats for various mills and manufactories. The woollen manufactory on Claverack Creek is said to be one of the most extensive in the state. Two weekly newspapers are published here.

HUDSON'S BAY, a large bay of North America, lying between 51° and 69° of N. lat., discovered in 1610 by Henry Hudson. See HUDSON. The country lying round Hudson's Bay is called New Britain, or the country of the Esquimaux; comprehending Labrador, now New North and South Wales. See LABRADOR. The entrance of the bay from the ocean, after leaving to the north Cape Farewell and Davis's Straits, is between Resolution Isles on the north, and Button's Isles on the Labrador coast to the south, forming the eastern extremity of Hudson's Straits. The coasts are very high, rocky, and rugged at top; in some places precipitous, but sometimes exhibit large beaches. The isles of Salisbury, Nottingham, and Digges, are also very lofty and naked. The depth of water in the middle of the bay is about 140 fathoms. From Cape Churchill to the south end of the bay are regular soundings; near the shore shallow, with muddy or sandy bottom. To the north of Churchill the soundings are irregular, the bottom

rocky, and in some parts the rocks appear above the surface at low water. From Moose River, or the bottom of the bay, to Cape Churchill, the Jand is flat, marshy, and wooded with pines, birch, larch, and willows. From Cape Churchill to Wager's Water the coasts are high and rocky to the very sea, and woodless, except the mouths of Pockerekesko and Seal rivers. The hills on their back are naked, nor are there any trees for a great distance inland. The mouths of all the rivers are filled with shoals, except that of Churchill, in which the largest ships may lie; but ten miles higher the channel is obstructed with sand-banks; and all the rivers, as they have been navigated, are full of rapids and cataracts from ten to sixty feet perpendicular. Down these rivers the Indian traders find a quick passage; but their return is a labor of many months. As far inland as the company have settlements is flat, nor is it known how far to the eastward the great chain seen by our navigators from the Pacific Ocean branches off. The eastern boundary of the bay is Terra di Labrador; the northern part has a straight coast facing the bay, guarded with isles innumerable. A vast bay, called the Archiwinnipy Sea, lies within it, and opens into Hudson's Bay by means of Gulph Hazard, through which the Beluga whales dart in great numbers. Here the company had a settlement for the sake of the fishery, and for trading with the Esquimaux; but deserted it as unprofitable about 1758 or 1759. For the climate, animals, and phenomena of the country adjacent to Hudson's Bay, see LABRADOR, and AMERICA, NORTH.

HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY. About sixty years after the intrepid Hudson had penetrated the great gulf, known by this name, the British government granted to a party of merchants, called the Hudson's Bay Company, the chartered possession of extensive tracts near the shores of this sea. The territories claimed by this company are stated by some writers to extend from the seventieth to the 115th degree of west longitude, and as far south as the fortyninth degree of latitude, thus comprehending a length of 1300 or 1400 geographical miles, by a medial breadth of 350 miles. Animated by a prospect of gain, the company have pushed their discoveries into the interior, and thus has a knowledge of these vast wilds been obtained, beyond what any other motives would possibly have supplied. Two of the principal journeys, performed by Messrs. Hearne and Mackenzie, have been mentioned in our article AMERICA. A rival body, called the North-west Company, has been recently established at Montreal. Both of them erect forts, and form settlements on the lakes and other favorable situations. Churchill Fort, or Fort Prince of Wales, on the west coast of Hudson's Bay, is the most northern settlement, while Hudson's Fort, on the river Suskashawan, in longitude 107 degrees west, is considered as the most western belonging to the Hudson's Bay Company.

HUDSON'S HOUSE, one of the Hudson's Bay Company's factories in North America, situated on the south-west side of Suskashawan River, 100 miles east of Manchester House, and 167

south-east by east of Buckingham House; in long. 106° 27′ 20′′ W., lat. 53° 0′ 32′′ N.

HUDSON'S STRAITS, the narrow sea between the Atlantic Ocean and Hudson's Bay, north or Labrador. See HUDSON'S BAY.

HUDSONIA, in botauy, a genus of the monogynia order, and dodecandria class of plants: COR. none: CAL. is pentaphyllous and tubular: stamina fifteen: CAPS, unilocular, trivalvular, ed trispermous. Species one only, a native of Virginia.

HUE, n. s. Sax. piepe. Color; dye. This word is significant of modes of color; as a faint, or blended color.'-Crabb.

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But thus moche I dare saine, that she Was white, rody, freshe, lifely hewed; And, every day, hire beaute newed.

Chaucer. Boke of the Duchesse.

For never in that land Face of fair lady she before did view, Or that dread lyon's look her cast in deadly hue. Spenser.

To add another hue unto the rainbow, Is wasteful and ridiculous excess.

Shakspeare. King John. Drop, drop, you violets, change your hues, Now red, now pale, as lovers use, And on your death go out as well As when you lived unto the smell; That from your odour all may say This is the shepherds' holiday. Flowers of all hue, and without thorn the rose. Milton.

Jonson.

To whom the angel, with a smile that glowed
Celestial rosy red, love's proper hue,

Answered.
Id. Paradise Lost.
And such appeared in hue, as when the force
Of subterranean wind transports a hill
Torn from Pelorus, or the shattered side
Of thundering Etna, whose combustible
And fuelled entrails thence conceiving fire
Sublimed with mineral fury, aid the winds,

And leave a singed bottom all involved
With stench and smoke.

Yours is much of the cameleon hue,
To change the die with distant view.
the snows above

Milton.

Dryden.

The
very Glaciers have his colours caught,
And, sun-set into rose-hucs, sees them wrought
By rays which sleep there lovingly.

HUE, n. s. HUER, 7. S.

Byron. Childe Harold.

Fr. hute, huer. A clamor; a legal pursuit; an alarm given to the country, as hue and cry: huer, one whose business it is to give an alarm, or call out others.

Hue and cry, villain, go! Assist me, knight, I am undone: fly, run, hue and cry! villain, I am undone. Shakspeare.

They lie hovering upon the coast, and are directed by a balker or huer, who standeth on the cliff-side, and from thence discerneth the course of the pilchard. Carew's Survey. after a gang

Immediately comes a hue and сту thieves, that had taken a purse upon the road.

L'Estrange.

of

If you should hiss, he swears he'll hiss as high, And, like a culprit, join the hue and cry. Addison. The hue and cry went after Jack, to apprehend him dead or alive, wherever he could be found.

Arbuthnot's John Bull.

HUE AND CRY, in law, the pursuit of a person who has committed felony on the highway. If a party robbed, or any in the company of one

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