The absoluteness and illimitedness of his commission was generally much spoken of.

Clarendon.

ILLINOIS, a river of the Illinois territory, formed by the junction of the Theakiki and Plein, in the north-west part of Indiana, North America. In the Illinois territory it pursues a southwesterly direction, and flows into the Mississippi, twenty-one miles above the Missouri. It is upwards of 400 yards wide at its mouth, and is about 400 miles long from its junction to the It has a Mississippi, and is of easy navigation. very gentle current, unbroken by falls or rapids, and passes through a fine country. The Plein, its northern head branch, interlocks with the

Chicago, which flows into lake Michigan.

ILLINOIS, a state of North America, bounded north by the north-west territory, east by Indiana, south by the Ohio, which separates it from Kentucky, and west by the Mississippi; 345 miles long from north to south, and 210 from east to west; containing about 52,000 square miles. In 1810 it was divided into two counties, and subdivided into twelve townships; and contained 12,282 inhabitants, all free people, slavery not being admitted.

The counties, chief towns, and population, for the fore part of the year 1818 are thus exhibited:

By a more recent enumeration it appears that the population has exceeded the number required by the law of congress for the admission of this territory into the union as a state. See AMERICA, NORTH.

Kaskaskia is the seat of government. The other most considerable towns are Shawneetown, Cahokia, Edwardsville, Brownsville, Belleville, and Carmi.

The Mississippi, Ohio, and Wabash, form about two thirds of the whole boundary of this district. The other most considerable rivers are the Illinois, Kaskaskia, Muddy, Saline, Little Wabash, Michilimackinack, Crow Meadow, Rainy, Vermilion, Mine, Spoon, Rocky, and Sangamoin.

The peninsula between the Mississippi and Illinois rivers has been surveyed as military

bounty lands. Congress appropriated for this object 3,500,000 acres ; and the surface actually surveyed amounts to an area about equal to 240 townships, each six miles square; equal to 8640 square miles, or 5,530,000 acres, nearly. It was necessary that the number surveyed should exceed the number appropriated, as the act of congress provides that the several portions granted shall be fit for cultivation. These lands are described as being very good.

The southern and middle parts of the territory are for the most part level. The banks of the Illinois and Kaskaskia, in some places, present a sublime and picturesque scenery. Several of their tributary streams have excavated for themselves deep and frightful gulfs, particularly those of the Kaskaskia, whose banks, near the junction of Big Hill Creek, present a perpendicular front of solid limestone 140 feet high. The north-western part of the territory is a hilly broken country, though there are no high moun

tains. The climate resembles that of Indiana and Ohio. The low and wet lands in the southern part are unhealthy.

The soil has been divided into six distinct kinds. 1. Bottom land, bearing a heavy growth of honey-locust, pecan, black-walnut, beach, sugar-maple, buckeye, pawpaw, grape-vines, &c. This land is of the first quality, and is found in greater or less quanties on all the considerable rivers. It is of inexhaustible fertility, and is annually cultivated without manure. Newly formed land, found at the mouths and confluences of rivers, It produces sycamore, cotton-wood, water maple, water ash, elm, willow, oak, &c. There are many thousand acres of this land at the mouth of the Wabash, and at the confluence of the Ohio with the Mississippi. It is annually inundated, and is unhealthy. 3. Dry prairies, approaching the rivers and bordering on the bottom land, from thirty to 100 feet higher, and from one to ten miles wide. These prairies are destitute of trees, except where they are intersected by streams of water and occasional tracts of woodland. It has been estimated that as much as two-thirds of the whole territory consists of open prairie. The dry prairie has a black rich soil, well adapted to purposes of agriculture, and is covered with rank grass. 4. Wet prairie, found remote from streams, or at their sources. This is generally cold and unproductive, abounding with swamps and ponds, 5. Land covercovered with tall coarse grass. ed with timber, moderately hilly, well watered, and of a rich soil. 6. Hills, of a sterile soil and destitute of timber, or covered with stunted oaks and pines.

The prevailing forest tree in Illinois is oak, of which as many as thirteen or fourteen different species have been enumerated. Honey-locust, black-walnut, mulberry, plum, sugar-maple, black-locust, elm, bass-wood, beach, buckeye, hackberry, coffee-nut, sycamore, spice-wood, sassafras, black and white haws, crab-apple, wild cherry, cucumber, and pawpaw, are found in their congenial soils throughout the territory. White pine is found on the head branches of the Illinois.

Copper and lead are found in several parts of

the territory. Coal has been discovered in several places, on the Big Muddy in great quantities near Brownsville, on the Kaskaskia near the town of that uame, near the town of Edwardsville, on the Illinois fifty miles above Illinois lake, and in other places. Salt water is found in several places sufficient to furnish immense quantities of salt. The famous salt works belonging to the United States are in the vicinity of Shawneetown. See SALINE. Iron ore has also been discovered.

The productions are corn in abundant crops, tobacco, flax, hemp, oats, potatoes, and some cotton in the southern parts. Wheat does well when properly managed, except on the bottoms, where the soil is too rich,

ILLIT'ERATE, adj. Lat. illiteratus. Unlettered; untaught; unlearned; unenlightened by science.

The duke was illiterate, yet had learned at court to supply his own defects, by the drawing unto him of the best instruments of experience.

Wotton.

The illiterate writer, emperick like applies To minds diseased unsafe chance remedies: The learned in schools, where knowledge first began Studies with care the anatomy of man; Sees virtue, vice, and passions in their cause, And fame from science, not from fortune draws.

ILLITERATENESS, n. s. From illiterate. Want of learning; ignorance of science.

Many acquainted with chymistry but by report, have, from the illiterateness and impostures of those that pretend skill in it, entertained an ill opinion of the art. Boyle. ILLITERATURE, n. s. In and literature. Want of learning. A word not much used.

The more usual causes of this deprivation are, want of holy orders, illiterature, or inability for the discharge of that sacred function, and irreligion.

Ayliffe's Parergon. ILLNESS, n. s. From ill. Baduess or inconvenience of any kind, natural or moral: sickness; wickedness.

Their affectation, pride, illnature, noise Proneness to change, even from the joy that pleased 'em. Rowe's Ambitious Stepmother. ILLOGʻICAL, adj. ? Ill and logical. IgILLOGICALLY, adv. Snorant or negligent of the rules of reasoning.

One of the dissenters appeared to Dr. Sanderson so bold and illogical in the dispute, as forced him to say, he had never met with a man of more pertinacious confidence, and less abilities. Walton. Reason cannot dispute and make an inference so utterly illogical. Decay of Piety. ILLUDE', v.a. Lat. illudo. To deceive; to mock; to impose on; to play upon; to torment by some contemptuous artifice of mockery.

Sometimes athwart, sometimes he strook him strait, And falsed oft his blow, t' illude him with such bait. Faerie Queene.

In vain we measure this amazing sphere, While its circumference, scorning to be brought Even into fanceed space, illudes our vanquished thought. Prior. ILLUME', v. a. ILLU'MINE, V. a. ILLUMINATE, v.a. ILLUMINATION, n. s. ILLUMINATIVE, adj. ILLUMINATOR, n. s.

Fr. illuminer; Span. | alumbrar; Lat. lumen and illumino, to enlighten. The primary idea is the communication of light: the words are nearly synonymous: illumine, is a poetic variation of illuminate. To enlighten; to adorn with lamps; to enlighten with knowledge or grace; to adorn with pictures of gold and various colors, as in old missals; to illustrate : illumination is either the act of supplying light, or the effect of it: illuminative, having the power to give light: illuminator, the agent by whom light is shed on any subject.

Satan had no power to abuse the illuminated world with his impostures. Sandys' Travels. Do thou vouchsafe, with thy love-kindling light, T'illuminate my dim and dulled eyn. Spenser.

Hymns and psalms are such kinds of prayer as are not conceived upon a sudden; but framed by meditation beforehand, or by prophetical illumination are inspired. Hooker.

When yon same star, that's westward from the pole, Had made his course, t' illumine that part of heaven, Where now it burns. Shakspeare. Hamlet. The sun is but a body illightened, and an illumination created. Raleigh's History. We have forms of prayer imploring God's aid and blessing for the illumination of our labours, and the turning them into good and holy uses. Bacon.

No painting can be seen in full perfection, but as all nature is illuminated by a single light. Wotton.

Prior.

Reason our guide, what can she more reply
Than that the sun illuminates the sky;
Than that night rises from his absent ray,
And his returning lustre kindles day?
Illuminators of manuscripts borrowed their title from
the illumination which a bright genius giveth to his
work.
Felton.

To Cato, Virgil paid one honest line;
O let my country's friends illumine mine.

Pope. My health is insufficient to amplify these remarks, and to illumine the several pages with variety of examples. Waits.

The mountain's brow Illumed with fluid gold, his near approach Betokens. Thomson's Summer. ILLUMINATI, Lat. i. e. enlightened, a name assumed by a secret society, said to be founded on the 1st of May 1776, by Dr. Adam Weishaupt, professor of canon law in the University of Ingoldstad. The avowed object of this order was, to diffuse from secret societies, as from so many centres, the light of science over the world; to propagate the purest principles of virtue; and to reinstate mankind in the happiness which they enjoyed during the golden age fabled by the poets. Such a philanthropic object was doubtless well adapted to make a deep impression on the minds of ingenuous young men; and to such alone did Weishaupt at first address himself. But the real object, we are assured by professor Robison and ablé Barruel, was, by clandestine arts to overturn every government and every religion; to bring the sciences of civil life into contempt; and to reduce mankind to that imaginary state of nature, when they lived independent of each other on the spontaneous productions of the earth. Free masonry being in high reputation all over Europe, when Weishaupt first formed the plan of his society, he availed himself of its secrecy, to introduce his new order, of which he constituted himself general, after initiating some of his pupils, whom he

styleu Areopagites, in its inysteries. And when report spread the news throughout Germany, of the institution of the order of Illuminées, it was generally considered as a mere college lodge, which could interest the students no longer than during the period of their studies. Weishaupt's character too, which at this time was respectable for morality, as well as erudition, prevented all suspicion of his harbouring any such dark designs as have since come to light. But it would far exceed the limits to which our work is restricted, to give even an outline of the nature and constitution of this extraordinary society; of its secrets and mysteries; of the deep dissimulation, consummate hypocrisy, and shocking impiety of its founder, and his associates; of their Jesuitical art in concealing their real objects, and their incredible industry and astonishing exertions in making converts; of the absolute despotism, and complete system of espionage, established throughout the order; of its different degrees of Novices, Minervals, Minor and Major Illuminées, Epopts or Priests, Regents, Magi, and Man-kings; of the Recruiters, or Insinuators, with their various subtle methods of insinuating into all characters and companies; the blind obedience exacted of the Novices; &c. &c. Such of our readers as wish to be fully informed of these matters, we must refer to the abbé Barruel's works, and to professor Robisor's Proofs of a Conspiracy against all the Religions and Governments of Europe.

ILLUMINATING, a kind of miniature painting, anciently much practised for illustrating and adorning books. Besides the writers of books there were artists called illuminators, whose profession was to ornament and paint manuscripts. The writers first finished their part, and the illuminators embellished them with ornamented letters and paintings. We often find blanks left in MSS., for the illuminators, which were never filled up. Some of the ancient MSS. are gilt and burnished in a style superior to later times. Their colors were excellent, and their skill in preparing them must have been very great. The practice of introducing ornaments, drawings, emblematical figures, and even portraits, into MSS., is of great antiquity. Varro wrote the lives of 700 illustrious Romans, which he enriched with their portraits, as Pliny attests in his Natural History. Pomponius Atticus was the author of a work on the actions of the great men amongst the Romans, which he ornamented with their portraits. But these works have not been transmitted to posterity. There are, however, many precious documents remaining, which exhibit the advancement and decline of the arts in different ages and countries. These inestimable paintings and illuminations display the manners, customs, habits, ecclesiastical, civil, and military, weapons and instruments of war, utensils and architecture, of the ancients; and are of the greatest use in illustrating many important facts relative to the history of the times in which they were executed. A very ancient MS. of Genesis, which was in the Cotton library, and almost destroyed by a fire in 1731, contamed 250 curious paintings in water colors: twenty-one fragments, which caped the fire,

Pope.

He disdained not to appear at festival entertainments, that he might more illustriously manifest his charity. Atterbury.

You, carrying with you all the world can boast, To all the world illustriously are lost.

It is often a difficult matter to illustrate gracefully the text of a sermon from the context, and to point out the connexion between them. Blair's Sermons. — It is also in my orders

That your illustrious lady admitted.

Byron. The Two Foscari. ILLUSTRIOUS, ILLUSTRIS, was, in the Roman empire, a title of honor peculiar to people of a certain rank. It was first given to the most distinguished amongst the knights, who had a right to bear the latus clavus; afterwards, they were entitled illustrious who held the first rank among those called Monorati; viz., the præfecti prætorii, præfecti urbis, treasurers, comites, &c. There were, however, different degrees among the illustrious. There were illustres whom they called majores, and others called illustres minores: the præfectus prætorii was a degree below the master of the offices, though they were both illustres.

ILLYRIA, ILLYRICUM, or ILLYRIUM, in ancient geography, a country in Europe, extending from the Adriatic to Pannonia. Illyricum is the name used by Livy, Herodotus, and St. Paul. its boundaries are variously assigned. Pliny makes it extend in length from the Arsia to the Drinius, thus including Liburnia on the west, and Dalmatia on the east; which is also the opinion of Ptolemy; who settles its limits from Mount Scardus 22d the Upper Masia on the east, to Istria on the west. It was a Roman province, divided by Augustus into the Superior and menor, but of which the limits are left very indeterminate both oy ancient historians and geographers. It now forms part of Croatia, Bosnia, Istria and Selavonia.

Total

The chief towns are those that give name to the circles.

Austrian Illyria is mountainous; being intersected by the Carinthian and Julian Alps, including the rugged and lofty range called the Karst. These mountains are mostly covered with forests, and it has several other bare and unproductive tracts; but, on the other hand, there are a number of fertile valleys, enjoying a mild and warm climate. On the coast of the Adriatic, however, the bora, an impetuous wind severely felt in Croatia, is very destructive, and exhausts the soil. The principal rivers of Illyria are the Save, the Drave, the Laibach, and the Isonzo.

All the finer fruits of the south of Europe are produced here, and flax is cultivated in some districts; but the forests supply immense quantities of timber. Silk is also cultivated, and on the sea coast the fishing is extensive. The mineral kingdom is also rich. At Idria quicksilver and cinnabar are produced in large quantities: and copper and iron mines every where abound. Other mineral products are calamine, vitriol, alum, saltpetre, and pit-coal: on the coast bay salt is made. Olives, oil, timber, and the product of the mines, are the staple commodities. The pastures are in general good, and the rearing of cattle and sheep is carried on with success. The manufactures are various, but not on a large scale, and consist of linen, woollen, and silk; straw-plaiting, and hardware. The Austrian empire has no sea-ports except on the Adriatic, and Trieste and Fiume, the principal towns of Illyria, lie exactly in the road to the interior of the empire: the former is accordingly an entrepôt for the trade of Germany, and the latter for that of Hungary.

This country remained under the dominion of Buonaparte, after the campaign of 1809, four years. The operations of the Austrians and British for its recovery took place in the close of 1813.

cipal are Veglia, Cherso, Arbe, Pago, Isola, Grossa, Brazza, Lesina, Lissa, Curzola, Sabioncello, Meleda, and Lagosta. They all belong to the house of Austria.